“Calcium stearate”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Calcium stearate

释义

Production and occurrence
Applications
References

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 476998540
| ImageFile =Stearic Acid Calcium Salt Structural Formula V.2.svg
| ImageSize =250px
| IUPACName =Calcium octadecanoate
| OtherNames =E470
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 14587
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 2106092
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 776XM7047L
| InChI = 1/2C18H36O2.Ca/c2*1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2*2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;;+2/p-2
| InChIKey = CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-NUQVWONBAL
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2C18H36O2.Ca/c2*1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2*2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;;+2/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo =1592-23-0
| PubChem =15324
| SMILES = [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.[O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=36 | H=70 | Ca=1 | O=4
| Appearance = white to yellowish-white powder
| Density = 1.08 g/cm³
| MeltingPtC = 155
| MeltingPt_notes =
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = 0.004 g/100 mL (15 °C)
| SolubleOther = soluble in hot pyridine
slightly soluble in oil
insoluble in alcohol, ether
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt =
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R = 0
}}Calcium stearate is a carboxylate of calcium, classified as a calcium soap. It is a component of some lubricants, surfactants, as well as many foodstuffs. It is a white waxy powder.^[1]

Production and occurrence

Calcium stearate is produced by heating stearic acid and calcium oxide:

2 C₁₇H₃₅COOH + CaO → (C₁₇H₃₅COO)₂Ca + H₂O

It is also the main component of soap scum, a white solid that forms when soap is mixed with hard water. Unlike soaps containing sodium and potassium, calcium stearate is insoluble in water and does not lather well.^[2]

Commercially it is sold as a 50% dispersion in water or as a spray dried powder. As a food additive it is known by the generic E number E470.

Applications

Calcium stearate is a waxy material with low solubility in water, unlike traditional sodium and potassium soaps. It is also easy and cheap to produce, and exhibits low toxicity. These attributes are the basis of many of its applications. Related applications exist for the magnesium stearate.^[1]

Calcium stearate is used as a flow agent and surface conditioner in some candies such as Smarties, jawbreakers and Sprees.
It is a waterproofing agent for fabrics.
A lubricant in pencils and crayons.
The concrete industry uses calcium stearate for efflorescence control of cementitious products used in the production of concrete masonry units i.e. paver and block, as well as waterproofing.^[3]
In paper production, calcium stearate is used as a lubricant to provide good gloss, preventing dusting and fold cracking in paper and paperboard making.^[4]
In plastics, it can act as an acid scavenger or neutralizer at concentrations up to 1000ppm, a lubricant and a release agent. It may be used in plastic colorant concentrates to improve pigment wetting. In rigid PVC, it can accelerate fusion, improve flow, and reduce die swell.
Applications in the personal care and pharmaceutical industry include tablet mold release, anti-tack agent, and gelling agent.
Calcium stearate is a component in some types of defoamers.
Anticaking agent.^[5]

References

1. ^¹{{cite journal|vauthors = Nora A, Szczepanek A, Koenen G|title=Metallic Soaps|year=2001|doi=10.1002/14356007.a16_361}}
2. ^{{cite journal|vauthors = Weingärtner H, Franck EU, Wiegand G, Dahmen N, Schwedt G, Frimmel FH, Gordalla BC, Johannsen K, Summers RS, Höll W, Jekel M, Gimbel R, Rautenbach R, Glaze WH|title=Water|year=2000|doi=10.1002/14356007.a28_001}}
3. ^Preventing Efflorescence, Portland Cement Association
4. ^{{cite patent|US|5527383}}
5. ^{{cite journal|vauthors = Lück E, von Rymon Lipinski GW|title=Foods, 3. Food Additives|year=2000|doi=10.1002/14356007.a11_561}}

3 : Calcium compounds|Food additives|Stearates

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