| 词条 | Calcutta Tramways Company |
| 释义 |
| name = Calcutta Tramways Company | logo = | logo_caption = CTC Logo | type = Tramways | genre = | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = 1880[1] | founder = | defunct = | location_city = Kolkata, West Bengal | location_country = India | locations = | area_served = | key_people = | industry = | products = | services = Tramways, city bus | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owner = Government of West Bengal | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = {{URL|calcuttatramways.com}} | footnotes = }}Calcutta Tramways Company (CTC) is a state-run company that operates trams and buses in and around Kolkata (formerly known as Calcutta) in West Bengal, India. The Kolkata tram is the only operating tramway in India and is the oldest electric tram in Asia, operating since 1902.[2][3][4] HistoryThe first horse-drawn trams in India ran for {{convert|2.4|mi|km}} between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat Street on 24 February 1873. The service was discontinued on 20 November of that year.[1] The Calcutta Tramway Company was formed and registered in London on 22 December 1880. Metre-gauge horse-drawn tram tracks were laid from Sealdah to Armenian Ghat via Bowbazar Street, Dalhousie Square and Strand Road. The route was inaugurated by the Viceroy, Lord Ripon, on 1 November 1880.[1] In 1882, steam locomotives were deployed experimentally to haul tram cars.[1] In 1900, the electrification of the tramway and conversion of its tracks to {{RailGauge|ussg}} (standard gauge) began.[1] The first electric tramcar in India ran from Esplanade to Kidderpore on 27 March 1902. In February 1943, the Calcutta and Howrah sections were connected by the new Howrah Bridge.[1] In 1951, the government of West Bengal entered an agreement with the Calcutta Tramways Company and the Calcutta Tramways Act of 1951 was enacted. The government assumed the tramways, reserving the right to purchase the system with two years' notice on 1 January 1972 or at any time thereafter.[1] In 1967, the Government of West Bengal passed the Calcutta Tramways Company (Taking Over of Management) Act and assumed management on 19 July. On 8 November 1976, the Calcutta Tramways (Acquisition of Undertaking) ordinance was promulgated under which the company (and its assets) was nationalised.[1] Calcutta Tramways Company introduced bus service on 4 November 1992 with a fleet of 40 buses.[1] The system had degraded by the 1990s, and Minister for Transport Shyamal Chakraborty planned to close the network. However, Melbourne tram conductor Roberto D'Andrea befriended fellow Calcutta conductors during a 1994 visit. When D'Andrea heard about the planned network closure, he suggested an art project to decorate the trams (as was done in his home city). The project increased public awareness of the network and its value, ultimately saving it.[5] Trams{{Main|Trams in Kolkata}}The Calcutta Tramways Company Ltd operates the Kolkata tram, currently the oldest electric tramway in Asia and India's only existent tram system, since 1880. BusesWith over 45 routes throughout Kolkata and its surrounding areas, CTC buses complement its tram service. The initial bus service was introduced from Rajabazar with a fleet of 40 buses, augmented in 1993 with service from Kidderpore depot. The Tollygunge and Belgatchia depots were added in 1994 and 1995, respectively. In 2005 the CTC began bus service from Ghasbagan depot at Howrah. Depots, terminals and workshopsThere are seven tram depots: Belgachhia, Rajabazar, Park Circus, Gariahat, Tollygunge, Kalighat and Khidirpur. Rajabazar and Tollygunge depots are the largest in terms of tracks and area, respectively. Khidirpur depot is the oldest and Kalighat the smallest. There had been another tram depot at Ghasbagan which was converted to a bus depot. Now there are CTC bus depots in Barasat, Habra, Joka, and Titagarh too. There are nine terminals: Shyambazar, Galiff Street, Bidhannagar, Ballygunge, Esplanade, B.B.D. Bagh and Howrah Bridge. The Esplanade terminus serves the most tram routes. Former terminals, all now closed, had been at Shibpur, Bandhaghat, Bagbazar, Calcutta High Court, Nimtala, Behala, Joka, Sealdah, Howrah, and M.P. Birla Planetarium and Racecourse. There is one workshop: Nonapukur. See also{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927004918/http://www.calcuttatramways.com/history.aspx# |date=27 September 2013 }} CTC website. Accessed 16 August 2013. 2. ^{{cite news|title=Kolkata trams to get a GenX makeover|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-13/kolkata/32662823_1_tram-network-lrt-institute-of-urban-transport|date=13 July 2012 | work=The Times Of India}} 3. ^{{Cite news|title=Reaching India |url=http://timesfoundation.indiatimes.com/articleshow/657741.cms |accessdate=27 February 2012 |publisher=Times Internet Limited |location=New Delhi |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016221039/http://timesfoundation.indiatimes.com/articleshow/657741.cms |archivedate=16 October 2007 |df=dmy }} 4. ^{{Cite news|title=Special tram rides to commemorate Rabindranath Tagore's Nobel prize|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/special-tram-rides-to-commemorate-rabindranath-tagores-nobel-prize/articleshow/27424366.cms|publisher=Economictimes.com}} 5. ^http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-06/tramjatra-melbourne-and-kolkata-linked-by-tram-history/7904626 Notes
External links
6 : Tram transport in India|Railway companies of India|Metropolitan transport agencies of India|State agencies of West Bengal|Transport in Kolkata|Tram, urban railway and trolley companies |
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