| 词条 | Calderone glacier | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Calderone glacier (it: Ghiacciaio del Calderone) is the only glacier among Apennines mountain range, located in Gran Sasso d’Italia mountain group. It lies just beneath the Corno Grande, the highest peak in the Apennines. With the disappearance of the Corral de la Veleta glacier (37° N) in 1913, which lay in Spain's Sierra Nevada, "Il Calderone" became one of Europe's southernmost known glaciers (42°28′N, 13°33′E). Snezhnika is a small glacier in Pirin Mountain, Bulgaria, with latitude of 41°46′09″ N it is the southernmost glacial mass in Europe;[1] the nearby Banski Suhodol Glacier below Koncheto, although larger, is slightly to the north.[2][3]If present deglaciation trends continue, the Calderone may soon share Corral de la Veleta's fate. The discovery of a number of small glaciers in the Prokletije in 2009 seemed to threaten Calderone's positions; however, the Italian glacier is slightly farther south.[4]{{not in citation|date=April 2017}} Historical surface of the glacier{{update-section|date=February 2019}}In 1794, the Calderone had an estimated volume of over 4 million cubic metres; by 1916, the glacier’s volume had decreased to 3.3 million cubic metres, and by 1990, it had decreased to 360,931 cubic metres. In 1998 Italian glaciologists at a symposium in L'Aquila predicted that the Calderone would vanish within a few decades.[5] Some glaciologists have predicted that the glacier will disappear by 2020. However, 2014 has been slightly positive for the glacier. By the end of August 2014, the volume of residual ice was larger than during the same period in 2013.
References1. ^Grunewald, p. 129. {{coord|42|28|13|N|13|33|56|E|type:glacier_region:IT_source:enwiki-plaintext-parser|display=title}}2. ^Gachev (2011), pp. 49, 63. 3. ^Gachev et al. (2009), p. 16. 4. ^{{Citation| last1 = Grunewald| first1 = K,| last2 = Scheithauer| first2 = J,| title = Europe’s southernmost glaciers: response and adaptation to climate change| journal = Journal of Glaciology| volume = 56| issue = 195| year = 2010| pages = 129-142| url = https://www.igsoc.org/journal/56/195/j09j048.pdf}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Visconti |first= Guido |author2=M. Beniston |author3=Emilio D. Iannorelli |author4=Diego Barba |title= Global Change and Protected Areas (Advances in Global Change Research) |2001= |publisher= Kluwer Academic Publishers|location=New York |isbn=0-7923-6918-1|pages=425–435}} 3 : Glaciers of Italy|Mountains of Abruzzo|Apennine Mountains |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。