| 词条 | Calico grouper |
| 释义 |
| name = Calico grouper | image = Epinephelus drummondhayi.jpg | status = DD | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Epinephelus drummondhayi | authority = Goode & Bean, 1878 | synonyms = }} Epinephelus drummondhayi is a species of fish in the family Serranidae. It is commonly called the calico grouper, kitty mitchell, speckled hind, or strawberry grouper. It is found in Bermuda and the United States. Its natural habitats are open seas, shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, and coral reefs. It is threatened by habitat loss. The speckled hind is a U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern.[2] Species of Concern are those species about which the U.S. Government’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA).[3] Species DescriptionSpeckled hind derive their name from the multitude of tiny white spots that cover their reddish-brown head, body and fins. Juvenile specimens tend to have yellow body color with white spots (Ross 1988). Speckled hinds are deep-water groupers: adults inhabit offshore rocky bottoms in depths of 80 to 1300 feet (25 to 400 m) but are most common between 200 and 400 feet (60 and 120 m) in many areas of the Western Atlantic. EcologyThere is a paucity of data for this species: the stock structure is not characterized, population size is unknown and much of their life history has not been thoroughly investigated. ConservationSpeckled hind are caught as bycatch from the deepwater snapper/grouper fisheries off the coast of North Carolina through Texas and directly in recreational fisheries by hook and line mostly (SAFMC 2005). Conservation DesignationsIUCN : Data Deficient U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service: Species of Concern American Fisheries Society: Endangered Status ReviewsNone References1. ^Sosa-Cordero, E. & Russell, B. 2018. Epinephelus drummondhayi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T7854A46909143. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T7854A46909143.en. Downloaded on 25 December 2018. 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/concern/|title=Protecting Marine Life {{!}} NOAA Fisheries|last=Fisheries|first=NOAA|date=2017-05-05|website=www.nmfs.noaa.gov|language=EN-US|access-date=2018-09-01}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/esa/|title=Welcome to NOAA {{!}} NOAA Fisheries|last=Fisheries|first=NOAA|website=www.nmfs.noaa.gov|language=EN-US|access-date=2018-09-01}}
3 : Epinephelus|Fish described in 1878|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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