| 词条 | British Rail Class 144 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| background = darkred | name = British Rail Class 144 Pacer | image = 144001 SHF.JPG | imagealt = | imagesize = 300px | caption = Northern Rail 144001 at {{rws|Sheffield}} in 2007 | interiorimage = 144010 DMSO Internal.jpg | interiorimagealt = | interiorcaption = The refurbished interior of a Northern Class 144 | service = 1986–present | manufacturer = British Rail Engineering Limited, Derby Litchurch Lane Works Walter Alexander | ordernumber = {{ubl|31015 (DMS)|31016 (DMSL)|31037 (MS)[1]}} | factory = | family = Pacer | replaced = | yearconstruction = 1986-1987[1] | yearservice = 1986 | refurbishment = 2002 - 2004 and 2010, 2015 (become 144e) | yearscrapped = | numberbuilt = 23 trainsets | numberservice = | numberpreserved = | numberscrapped = | formation = DMS(+MS)+DMSL | diagram = {{ubl|DP240 (DMS)|DP241 (DMSL)|DR205 (MS)[1][2]}} | code = | fleetnumbers = {{ubl|144001-144023 (sets)[3]|55801-55823 (DMS)|55850-55859 (MS)|55824-55846 (DMSL)[1]}} | capacity = 99 or 157 seats per unit[4] | operator = Northern | depots = Neville Hill[1] | lines = {{ubl|Harrogate Line|Huddersfield Line|Hallam Line|Penistone Line|Pontefract Line|York and Selby Lines|Caldervale Line}} | carbody = Steel underframe. Aluminium alloy body and roof. | trainlength = | carlength = {{ubl|{{convert|15.093|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (DMS, DMSL)|{{convert|15.186|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (MS)[2]}} | width = {{convert|2.695|m|ftin|abbr=on}}[2] | height = {{convert|3.725|m|ftin|abbr=on}}[2] | floorheight = {{convert|1.288|m|ftin|abbr=on}}[2] | platformheight = | entrylevelorstep = | doors = Twin leaf pivot[3] | art-sections = {{ubl|3 (144001-013)|2 (144014-023)}} | wheeldiameter = | wheelbase = {{convert|9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}[2] | maxspeed = {{convert|75|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}[3] | weight = {{ubl|{{convert|24.17|t|abbr=on}} (DMS)|{{convert|25.04|t|abbr=on}} (DMSL)|{{convert|23.5|t|abbr=on}} (MS)[2]}} | axleload = | engine = {{ubl|Cummins LTA10-R[5]|(Originally fitted with Leyland TL11[2] 6-cylinder 11.1-litre)}} | enginetype = 10-litre[5] | cylindercount = 6[5] | cylindersize = | traction motors = | poweroutput = {{ubl|Cummins: {{convert|225|hp|0|abbr=on|lk=in}} at 2100 rpm[5]|Originally Leyland: {{convert|205|hp|0|abbr=on}}[1] at 1950 rpm}} | tractiveeffort = | transmission = Mechanical, self-changing gears[1] | acceleration = | deceleration = | aux = | powersupply = | hvac = {{ubl|Engine waste heat|Ducted warm air[2]}} | uicclass = | aarwheels = | bogies = | brakes = Air[2] | safety = {{ubl|AWS[2]|TPWS}} | coupling = {{ubl|Automatic BSI[6] (outer)|Bar (inner)[2]}} | multipleworking = Class 14x, 15x and 170[3] | light = | gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}} | notes = }} The British Rail Class 144 Pacer diesel multiple units (DMUs) were built by British Rail Engineering Limited's, Derby Litchurch Lane Works from 1986 to 1987. A total of 23 units were built,[30] replacing many of the earlier first-generation "Heritage" DMUs.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Class 144 units are in service with Northern, but all units are due to be withdrawn by the end of 2019 as they do not meet new disability regulations.[7] DescriptionAt the beginning of the 1980s British Rail (BR) had a large fleet of ageing "Heritage" DMUs, built to many different designs in the late 1950s and early 1960s.[8] Some of the more reliable types were retained and refurbished. However, BR decided to replace many of the non-standard or unreliable types with new second generation units, built to modern standards. Two different types were pursued; low-cost "Pacers" built using bus parts and used on short-distance services;{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} and "Sprinters" built for longer-distance services.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Twenty-three Class 144 units were built.[30] The units have a maximum speed of {{convert|75|mph|0|abbr=on}} and are externally similar to the earlier Class 143 Pacers (they have a Walter Alexander body like the Class 143), built in 1985–1986. The first thirteen of the class, No. 144001-013 are 2-car units.[30] The remaining ten, No. 144014-023 are all 3-car units,[30] although all were originally built as 2-car units, the centre vehicle being added later. These ten Pacers are the only Pacers to contain intermediate vehicles. Units are formed of two driving motors, one of which contains a toilet. The 3-car units have an additional intermediate motor. All vehicles have standard-class seating only. The technical description of the formation is DMS+(MS)+DMSL. Individual vehicles are numbered as follows.
The Class 144 units have BSI couplers. This allows them to work in multiple with {{brc|142}}, {{brc|143}}, {{brc|150}}, {{brc|153}}, {{brc|155}}, {{brc|156}}, {{brc|158}}, {{brc|159}} and {{brc|170}} units, as well as units of the same class.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} OperationsThe class were built specifically for local services sponsored by West Yorkshire PTE (since rebranded as Metro). As such, the fleet was painted in the crimson/cream West Yorkshire Metro livery, although three units (nos. 144011-013) were later repainted into Regional Railways livery. Units are used on services such as:
They can also be found operating the Leeds-Morecambe services, services between Scunthorpe and Adwick to Sheffield and Lincoln. More recently from 2008, they have been working between Manchester Victoria and Leeds (usually via Brighouse) amongst others.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Prior to 1994, they were also used on Leeds/Bradford-Ilkley and Leeds/Bradford-Skipton services. These lines were electrified in 1994, and passenger services were operated by Class 308 electric multiple units. Due to their similarities, services booked for a Class 144 can often be replaced by a Class 142, and vice versa.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Since privatisation, the fleet has been operated by several franchises. The first operator was Northern Spirit, which was later taken over by Arriva Trains Northern who refurbished the fleet between 2002 and 2004,[9] with units emerging in a new silver and red Metro livery complete with refurbished interior. In December 2004, the fleet was transferred to the new Northern rail franchise. Northern Rail replaced the silver and red Metro livery with Northern Purple and Blue. During 2009, 144001-013 were all repainted. As of April 2010, all Class 144s have been repainted.[10] Northern Rail carried out a refurbishment programme to their fleet of Class 144 trains. 144006 was the first unit to be so treated and this was also the first one to be refurbished in the joint Arriva Trains Northern/WYPTE Metro programme in 2002. The refurbishment features the following enhancements:[11][12]
FutureThe Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2008[13] require that all public passenger trains must be accessible by 1 January 2020. No Pacer trains (except the prototype Class 144e) currently meet this requirement. Porterbrook has proposed an extensive refurbishment of the Class 143 and 144 units in an attempt to meet this requirement, although this would reduce the number of seats.[14][42] All will be withdrawn by December 2019. Northern ordered the Class 195 units to replace the Pacers, as well as taking on spare stock from other operators.[15][16] Class 144eThe Class 144e (Evolution) is a proposed refurbished variant of the Class 144 which will bring it up to the requirements of the Persons with reduced mobility-Technical Specifications for Interoperability accessibility regulations.[17] The demonstrator Class 144e unit (144012) features a number of upgrades such as the addition of new 2+2 style seating, a fully accessible toilet, two wheelchair spaces and spaces for bicycles and luggage.[17][18] as well as Wi-Fi and media screens.[17] The demonstrator unit was expected to re-enter traffic in April 2015,[19] but this was delayed until later in the year.[17] IncidentsA Northern Rail 3-car Class 144 unit caught fire near {{rws|Smithy Bridge}} in Rochdale on 21 November 2013.[20][21] Fleet details
Named unitsOne unit has received a name :[22]
GalleryReferences1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{harvnb|Fox|1987|p=42}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite book| last = | first = | title = Vehicle Diagram Book No. 220 for Diesel Multiple Unit Trains (Railcars)| publisher = British Railways Board | location = Derby | date = 1982| at=DP240, DP241, DR205 | work=Barrowmore MRG |url=http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Book220Issue.pdf |isbn = }} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Recognition%20tech%20Data%20DMU/DMU_144.html|title=Class 144|work=The Railway Centre|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309230141/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Recognition%20tech%20Data%20DMU/DMU_144.html|archivedate=9 March 2005}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/329103/northern-interim-franchise-agreement.pdf|accessdate=22 April 2015|title=THE NORTHERN INTERIM FRANCHISE AGREEMENT}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title=Diesel Multiple Units 2010|year=2010 |publisher=Platform 5 |isbn=978-1-902336-75-6 |page=15}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rssb.co.uk/rv_coupling_system_data/list_index.asp |title=System Data for Mechanical and Electrical Coupling of Rail Vehicles |accessdate=5 January 2009 |publisher=Rail Safety and Standards Board |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705034433/http://rssb.co.uk/rv_coupling_system_data/list_index.asp |archivedate=5 July 2008 }} 7. ^https://www.railwaymagazine.co.uk/northern-pacer-withdrawals-scheduled-to-begin-in-2018/ 8. ^{{cite magazine |last1=Boyd-Hope |first1=Gary |title=Nodding Along - the Pacer Story Part 3 |magazine=The Railway Magazine |date=December 2018 |volume=164 |issue=1,413 |page=28 |publisher=Mortons Media |location=Horncastle |issn=0033-8923}} 9. ^{{cite magazine |last1=Boyd-Hope |first1=Gary |title=Nodding Along - the Pacer Story Part 3 |magazine=The Railway Magazine |date=December 2018 |volume=164 |issue=1,413 |page=27 |publisher=Mortons Media |location=Horncastle |issn=0033-8923}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=http://www.thejunction.org.uk/flist_144.html |title=The Junction Fleet List |accessdate=19 April 2010 }} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://northern-railway-photos.mediaobjects.co.uk/p64491520.html |title=Interior of refurbished Class 144 No. 144006 |accessdate=26 April 2010 }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://northern-railway-photos.mediaobjects.co.uk/p64491535.html |title=Interior of refurbished Class 144 No. 144006 |accessdate=26 April 2010 }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2008/1746/contents/made|title=The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2008|publisher=}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.porterbrook.com/downloads/brochures/14x%20Brochure.pdf|title=Class 143 & 144 Diesel Multiple Units|publisher=Porterbrook Leasing Co|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311205935/http://www.porterbrook.com/downloads/brochures/14x%20Brochure.pdf|archivedate=11 March 2014|df=dmy-all}} 15. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-42937218|title=Northern to replace Pacers with '21st Century' trains}} 16. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/407802/northern-invitation-to-tender.pdf|title=Northern Invitation to Tender|publisher=Department for Transport}} 17. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/porterbrook-unveils-pacer-dmu-life-extension-demonstrator.html | title=Porterbrook unveils Pacer DMU life-extension demonstrator|date=29 June 2015|publisher=Railway Gazette International}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Class 144 Evolution|url=http://www.porterbrook.com/downloads/144Brochure.pdf|website=Porterbrook|publisher=Porterbrook|accessdate=27 March 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110005/http://www.porterbrook.com/downloads/144Brochure.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Porterbrook’s rebuilt Pacer set to enter traffic in April|url=http://www.railmagazine.com/news/2015/02/12/porterbrook-s-rebuilt-pacer-set-to-enter-traffic-in-april|publisher=Rail Magazine|accessdate=27 March 2015}} 20. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-25042831|title=Manchester to Leeds train catches fire in Rochdale|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=21 November 2013|accessdate=22 November 2013}} 21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/commuters-evacuated-train-after-catches-6329310|title=Commuters evacuated from train after it catches fire in Rochdale|work=Manchester Evening News|publisher=Trinity Mirror|date=21 November 2013|accessdate=22 November 2013}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=DMU FORMATIONS|url=http://www.abrail.co.uk/DMU_formations.htm|publisher=AbRail|accessdate=27 March 2015}} Sources
2 : British Rail diesel multiple units|BREL products |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。