| 词条 | British Rail Class 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Derby Type 4 British Rail Class 45 |powertype = Diesel-electric |image = BR Class 45 on passenger train at Loughborough, July 1975.jpg |caption = 45054 heads south from Loughborough on the Midland Main Line with a train for London St Pancras, July 1975 |nicknames = Peak |builder = British Railways' Derby Works and Crewe Works |builddate = 1960–1962 |fleetnumbers = D11–D137; later 45001–45077, 45101–45150 |totalproduction = 127 |primemover = Sulzer 12LDA28-B |enginetype= double bank |cylindersize={{convert|280|x|360|mm|in|3|abbr=on}}, bore x stroke |cylindercount=12 |displacement=12 x {{convert|22|L|cuin}} per cylinder, or {{convert|264|L|cuin}} total |generator = Crompton Parkinson |tractionmotors = Crompton Parkinson |Britishclass= 1Co-Co1 |uicclass = (1'Co)(Co1') |wheeldiameter = {{convert|3|ft|9|in|m|3|abbr=on}} |minimumcurve = {{convert|5|chain|m|lk=in}} |locobrakes = Air |trainbrakes = Vacuum and Air |locobrakeforce = {{convert|63|LTf|kN|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=on}} |wheelbase = {{convert|59|ft|8|in|m|2|abbr=on}} |length = {{convert|67|ft|11|in|m|2|abbr=on}} |width = {{convert|8|ft|10+1/2|in|m|2|abbr=on}} |height = {{convert|12|ft|10|in|m|2|abbr=on}} |locoweight= {{convert|133|LT|t ST|sigfig=3}} |maxspeed = {{convert|90|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} |poweroutput = Engine: {{convert|2500|bhp|0|abbr=on|lk=in}} At rail: {{convert|2000|hp|0|abbr=on}} |tractiveeffort = Maximum: {{convert|55000|lbf|kN|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=on}} |fuelcap = {{convert|840|impgal|abbr=on}} |axleloadclass = Route availability 7 |trainheating = 45/0: Steam 45/1: Electric Train Heat |multipleworking = ★ Blue Star |operator = British Railways |withdrawndate = 1981-1989 }} The British Rail Class 45 also known as the Sulzer Type 4 diesel locomotives were built by British Railways' Derby and Crewe Works between 1960 and 1962. Along with the similar Class 44 and 46 locomotives, they became known as Peaks. HistoryThe Class 45s became the main traction on the Midland Main Line from 1962, and their introduction allowed considerable acceleration of the previous steam-powered service. The Class 45s remained the main source of power on the Midland Main Line up to 1982, when they were relegated to secondary services following introduction of HSTs on the route. From 1986 Class 45s virtually disappeared from the line.[1] From the early 1980s until their withdrawal c.1988, the class were regular performers on the North Trans-Pennine line working services from Liverpool Lime Street to York, Scarborough or Newcastle via Manchester Victoria, Huddersfield and Leeds. These trains were usually formed of early Mark 2 carriages, of up to seven in a typical train. Naming26 Class 45s were officially named by BR after various British Army regiments and the Royal Marines. Additionally, several were unofficially named. EngineThe engine of the Class 45 was a marine-type, slow-revving diesel, a Sulzer 12LDA28B with a bore of {{convert|280|mm|in|3|abbr=on}} and a stroke of {{convert|360|mm|in|3|abbr=on}}. This gave {{convert|22|L|cuin}} per cylinder, or {{convert|264|L|cuin}} for the whole engine. The unit was turbocharged and intercooled and gave {{convert|2500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} at 750 rpm. The engine was of the double bank type with two parallel banks of 6 cylinders, geared together to a single output shaft.[2] Six-cylinder versions of the engine were fitted in the Class 25 locos (amongst others) and eight-cylinder versions in Class 33s.[3] Class 45s were the updated versions of the Class 44 locomotives, the latter having a {{convert|2300|hp|kW|abbr=on}} non-intercooled version of the same engine; i.e. the 12LDA28A. The later Class 47 had a modified version of the same engine, a 12LDA28C. Train heatingWhen initially put into service, the locomotives were fitted with multi-unit working and steam-heating boilers for passenger service. In the early 1970s, fifty were fitted with electric train supply in place of their steam-heating boilers and assigned to work services on the Midland Main Line from London St Pancras to Nottingham, Derby and Sheffield. These locomotives were renumbered as Class 45/1.[4] Auxiliary machinesThe Class 45 is unusual in having a 220 volt electrical system for driving auxiliary machines and battery charging.[5] Most British Railways diesels of the same era had 110 volt auxiliaries. Accidents and incidents
WithdrawalThe great majority of Class 45s were withdrawn between 1981 and 1988, and the last was withdrawn from service by 1989.[10] {{-}}Fleet details
PreservationEleven locomotives survive in preservation. A quick summary of these is as follows (a more detailed study can be found in the table above):
A twelfth example, 45015, was also sold into preservation, but not restored. Withdrawn in March 1986 with a seized traction motor, for which repair was not authorised,[14] 45015 was heavily cannibalised for spares to keep other Class 45s working. It remained at Toton, its home shed, until at least 1999.[15] The locomotive was moved to Shackerstone, on the Battlefield Line Railway, in 2002, still with the intention of restoration to mainline standard, despite requiring a replacement engine to be found.[16] In 2010 the host railway gave notice to the locomotive's owner that the still-unrestored 45015 needed to move to a new site. Having failed to find a buyer, it is likely that 45015 will be sold for scrap, although, as at July 2017, the derelict loco was still at Shackerstone.[17] References1. ^The Peaks – A Wyn Hobson 2. ^The Last Years of The Peaks – S.R Batty 3. ^Railway Magazine July 1992 p50 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.6lda28.com/peaks.html | title=The Peaks | work=6lda28.com | accessdate=5 January 2014 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213145144/http://www.6lda28.com/peaks.html | archivedate=13 February 2012 | deadurl=no}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://peakloco.com/154.html |title=Peak Locomotive Company Ltd 154 |publisher=Peakloco.com |date= |accessdate=24 July 2012}} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Earnshaw |first=Alan |title=Trains in Trouble: Vol. 5 |year=1989 |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Penryn |isbn=0-906899-35-4 |page=3 }} 7. ^{{cite book |last=Vaughan |first=Adrian |title=Obstruction Danger |year=1989 |publisher=Patrick Stephens Limited |location=Wellingborough |isbn=1-85260-055-1 |pages=240-48 }} 8. ^{{cite book |title=Diesels and Electrics for scrap |first=Ashley |last=Butlin |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Penryn |page=43 |isbn=0 906899 27 3}} 9. ^{{cite book |last=Earnshaw |first=Alan |title=Trains in Trouble: Vol. 6 |year=1990 |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Penryn |isbn=0-906899-37-0 |page=47 }} 10. ^Diesel Loco Register – S.A.Sugden 11. ^Motive Power Monthly, April 1989 12. ^[https://nvr.org.uk/article.php/16/locomotive-department Diesel Locomotives in Service] Nee Valley Railway 13. ^http://www.eorailway.co.uk/enthusiasts/rolling-stock/diesel-locomotives/#45132 14. ^{{cite web |title=45 015 – A Potted History |url=http://www.45015.org.uk/45015Bkgd.htm |publisher=The 45015 Fund |accessdate=29 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5xXz0jing?url=http://www.45015.org.uk/45015Bkgd.htm |archivedate=29 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 15. ^{{cite web |title=45015 – Toton Training Compound – 18-06-99 |url=http://www.wnxx.com/gallery/45/totontrainingcompound180699slazenby.html |work=(Photo of withdrawn loco – S Lazenby) |publisher=wnxx.com |accessdate=29 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5xY0PvBh0?url=http://www.wnxx.com/gallery/45/totontrainingcompound180699slazenby.html |archivedate=29 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 16. ^{{cite web |title=45 015 – Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.45015.org.uk/45015FAQ.htm |work=(...concerning intention of restoration) |publisher=The 45015 Fund |accessdate=29 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5xXym4Z5Y?url=http://www.45015.org.uk/45015FAQ.htm |archivedate=29 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 17. ^{{cite web |title=45015 Shackerstone 13/11/10 – R Beale |url=http://www.wnxx.com/lists/graphics/45015.htm |work=(Photo of derelict locomotive) |publisher=wnxx.com |accessdate=29 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5xXyLj0Cm?url=http://www.wnxx.com/lists/graphics/45015.htm |archivedate=29 March 2011 |date=13 November 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} Further reading
External links{{commons category|British Rail Class 45}}
5 : British Rail diesel locomotives|1Co-Co1 locomotives|Railway locomotives introduced in 1960|Standard gauge locomotives of Great Britain|Diesel-electric locomotives of Great Britain |
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