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词条 British Rail Class 508
释义

  1. Description

  2. Current operations

     Merseyrail 

  3. Past operations

     Southeastern  Silverlink 

  4. Fleet information

  5. Liveries

  6. Naming

  7. Incidents

  8. Replacement

  9. References

     Sources 

  10. Further reading

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}{{Infobox train
| background = #FFFF00
| name = British Rail Class 508
| image = Beatles train, Hillside Railway Station (geograph 2993523).jpg
| caption = Merseyrail 508111 at {{stnlnk|Hillside}} in 2012
| imagesize = 300px
| interiorimage = 508139 Interior.jpg
| interiorcaption = The interior of a Merseyrail refurbished Class 508
| service = 1979 - Current
| manufacturer = BREL
| ordernumber = {{ubl|30979 ({{abbr|DMSO|Driving Motor Standard Open}})|30980 ({{abbr|TSO|Trailer Standard Open}})|30981 ({{abbr|BDMSO|Battery Driving Motor Standard Open}})[1]}}
| factory = BREL York
| family = BREL 1972 "PEP"
| replaced = British Rail Class 503
| yearconstruction = 1979-80
| yearservice = 17 December 1979
| refurbishment = {{ubl|27 Merseyrail sets 2002 - 2004|Alstom Eastleigh Works}}
| yearscrapped =
| numberbuilt = 43 trainsets
| numberservice =
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped = 12 trainsets fully scrapped
3 trainsets partly scrapped
| formation = {{ubl|3 cars per trainset|(Originally 4 cars)|As built: DMSO+TSO+TSO+BDMSO|DMSO+TSO+BDMSO[1]}}
| diagram = {{ubl|EA208 (DMSO)|EH218 (TSO)|EI203 (BDMSO)[1][2]}}
| fleetnumbers = {{ubl|508001-043 (as built)|508101-143 (Merseyrail)|508201-212[3]|64649-64691 (DMSO)|71483-71525 (TSO)|71526-71568 (TSO, as built)|64692-64734 (BDMSO)[3]}}
| capacity = {{ubl|320 seats (as built)|234 seats (508/1)|222 seats (508/1 modified, 508/3)|219 seats (508/2), 192 seats (Merseyrail refurbished)}}
| operator = {{ubl|Merseyrail}}
| depots = {{ubl|Birkenhead North[4]|Hall Road[1]}}
| lines = {{ubl|Wirral Line|Northern Line}}
| carbody = Steel underframe and body frame, aluminium body and roof[2]
| trainlength = {{ubl|{{convert|264|ft|10|in|abbr=on}} (as built)[3]|{{convert|199|ft|7|in|abbr=on}}}}
| carlength = {{convert|19.8|m|ftin||abbr=on}} (over body)[2]
| width = {{convert|2.82|m|ftin||abbr=on}} (over body)[2]
| height = {{convert|3.58|m|ftin||abbr=on}}[2]
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep = {{convert|1.146|m|ftin||abbr=on}}[2]
| doors = {{ubl|4 × Twin electro-pneumatic sliding doors per car|2 × electro-pneumatic sliding doors per driving car|2 × gangway end doors per car}}
| art-sections = {{ubl|4 (as built)|3 (Merseyrail)}}
| wheeldiameter =
| wheelbase = {{convert|14.170|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (bogie centres, per car)[2]
| maxspeed = {{convert|75|mph|0|abbr=on}}[1]
| weight = {{ubl|{{convert|104.5|t|LT||abbr=off}}|{{convert|36.15|t|abbr=on}} (DMSO)|{{convert|26.72|t|abbr=on}} (TSO)|{{convert|36.61|t|abbr=on}} (BDMSO)[1]}}
| axleload =
| traction =
| traction motors = GEC G310AZ or Brush TM61-53[2]
| poweroutput = {{convert|656|kW|hp||abbr=on}} from 8 x GEC G310AZ electric motor (82.125kW each)[3]
| tractiveeffort =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac = Electric-ducted warm air[2]
| electricsystem = 750/850 V DC third rail[1][2]
| collectionmethod = Contact shoe
| uicclass = Bo'Bo'+2'2'+Bo'Bo'
| aarwheels =
| bogies = BX1[1][2]
| brakes = Disc and rheostatic[1][3]
| safety = {{ubl|Emergency end doors|PA[1]|AWS[2]
TPWS}}
| coupling = {{ubl|Automatic tightlock (outer)|Bar (inner)}}
| multipleworking = Within class and Class 507
| light = Fluorescent and tungsten[2]
| gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| notes = One TSO removed during 1980s, transferred to Class 455/7[1]
}}

British Rail Class 508 (or 4PER[5][6]) electric multiple units (EMUs) were built by BREL York works in 1979-80. They were the fourth variant of BR's standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs, eventually encompassing 755 vehicles and five classes (313/314/315/507/508). They have mostly worked on the Merseyrail network since 1983, and continue to do so, now refurbished by Alstom's Eastleigh Works. The Class 508 unit is now {{age|1979|01|01}} years old, making them among the oldest units still in service on the UK mainland rail network, after the Class 313 and Class 507.

Description

The class was developed for Merseyside following extensive trials and testing of the 4Pep/2Pep stock built in the early 1970s. Testing of Class 313 took place on the Northern Line on Merseyside, using 313013/063[7] which were loaned from the Great Northern Line of the Eastern Region[8] to Hall Road depot. Original plans were drawn up for 58 Class 508s to be constructed,[8] although costing issues limited the eventual number to 43. However, following planning and building, British Rail decided to divert the 508s to work alongside much older first-generation 4Sub EMUs in the London Waterloo area. The first unit was delivered to Strawberry Hill depot on 9 August 1979.[8] Based at Wimbledon Park depot, they soon became problematic due to their non-standard dimensions and brake problems caused by leaf fall.[8][9] Once a new build of Class 455 EMUs were complete, the Class 508s were slowly sent to their originally intended home on the Merseyrail network. Driver training began at Kirkdale on 17 February 1982,[10] and the first Class 508 began service on the Northern Line the following month.[10] The first Wirral Line service commenced on 8 June 1984,[10] and the Class 508s had completely displaced the Class 503 fleet by the end of March 1985.[10] The fleet was then working in parallel with the already well-established fleet of Class 507 EMUs across the River Mersey, which had been working on Merseyside since 1978.

Delivered to the Southern Region as four-car sets numbered 508 001–043, all of the sets were reduced to three cars for Merseyside operation by the removal of one trailer and renumbered as 508/1. The individual passenger door controls were plated over before they were sent north. The spare trailer car from each set was incorporated into class 455/7 EMUs. Carriage numbering is as follows:

  • 64649-64691 - DMSO
  • 71483-71525 - TSO
  • 71526–71568 – TSO (removed before transfer to Merseyside)
  • 64692-64734 - BDMSO

Current operations

Merseyrail

Merseyrail operates 27 508s, which are used interchangeably between the Northern Line and the Wirral Line. They commonly work the following services:

  • Southport - Hunts Cross line
  • Liverpool Central - Ormskirk line
  • Liverpool Central - Kirkby line
  • Liverpool Lime Street - New Brighton line
  • Liverpool Lime Street - West Kirby line
  • Liverpool Lime Street - Chester line
  • Liverpool Lime Street - Ellesmere Port line

Merseyrail's fleet of Class 508 units are primarily maintained at Birkenhead North TMD, with minor maintenance being undertaken at Kirkdale TMD. The units, when out of service, have stabling points at various sidings around the Merseyrail network. These can be found at the station termini and the depots, as well as at Rock Ferry station and Birkenhead North station.

Past operations

Southeastern

Connex South Eastern leased twelve Class 508s freed up by capacity reductions on Merseyrail services in 1996 (508101/105/106/107/109/113/116/119/121/129/132/133), for operation on specific Kent services. Their main duties included {{rws|London Bridge}} to {{rws|Tunbridge Wells}}, {{rws|Paddock Wood}} to {{rws|Strood}}, {{rws|Maidstone West}} to {{rws|Three Bridges}} and {{rws|Sittingbourne}} to {{rws|Sheerness-on-Sea}}, as well as {{rws|Grove Park}} to {{rws|Bromley North}} for a short period. Units were based at Gillingham Depot.[11]

In September 2006 new operator Southeastern announced that a cascade of rolling stock would see Class 466 units replace the 508s on the Sheerness and Medway Valley lines in the December 2006 timetable.[12] Following this timetable change the fleet was reduced to six serviceable units. There were five sets in 'warm store' at Ashford Chart Leacon, and one unit, 508212, was cannibalised to keep the surviving service units in operation, including the swap of its TSO coach with one from a unit that ran into a tree on the Redhill to Tonbridge Line. With the transfer of the Tonbridge to London via Redhill services to Southern, Southeastern placed its remaining 508s in store in December 2008.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

Silverlink

Silverlink leased three 508s from Angel Trains in 2003 for operation on the Watford DC Line to assist its fleet of {{brc|313}} EMUs. These were withdrawn following the delivery of {{brc|378}} Capitalstar units. These three Class 508/3 units were modified by Alstom Eastleigh to designs provided by Interfleet Technology to make them inter-operable with Class 313 units.

Fleet information

{{refimprove section|date=January 2017}}
  • They were originally numbered 508001–508043. When they transferred to Merseyside they were renumbered to 508101–508143 and designated as Class 508/1 to avoid confusion with the similarly numbered Class 507s.
  • The Merseyrail 508s were refurbished in 2003/04, the first unit to re-enter service being 508110. The final unit to leave for the works for refurbishment was formerly black-striped 508137.
  • Southeastern units were renumbered 508/2 when they were refurbished in 1996. 508203, 205, 207, 208, 210 and 211 were further overhauled at Wabtec, Doncaster in 2007.
  • Silverlink units were renumbered 508/3 when they were refurbished in 2003, modified to make them compatible with Class 313s for operation on Euston to Watford Junction services.
  • Both Southeastern and London Overground have withdrawn their fleets for replacement - Southeastern has been able to cascade existing rolling stock to the Sheerness and Medway lines, while the London Bridge to Tonbridge via Redhill service has been transferred to Southern; London Overground has fully introduced its new Class 378 units.
  • 508/2 units 508201-508206, 508209, 508211 and 508212 as well as parts of 508207, 508208 and 508210 were scrapped at Eastleigh in 2013.
  • 508/2 BDMSO carriages 64710 (508208) and 64720 (508210) survive.
  • 508/2 DMSO carriages 64649 (508201) and 64712 (508209) survive and are in use at the Merseyside Emercency Services Training Centre, Seacombe. [13][14]
  • DMSO carriage 64664 and BDMSO carriage 64707 (ex. 508207) are in use as translator vehicles.
  • All of the 508/3 units were scrapped at Eastleigh in 2013.
ClassOperatorNo. in serviceYear BuiltCars per SetUnit nos.Notes
Class 508/1Merseyrail271979–803508103–508104, 508108, 508110–508112, 508114–508115, 508117, 508120,
508122–508128, 508130–508131, 508134, 508136–508141, 508143		Converted from 508/0
Class 508/2 --0 (scrapped)508201–508206, 508208–508212
Arlington Fleet Services, Eastleigh12508207 (end cars in departmental use)
Class 508/3 --0 (scrapped)3508301–508303
Network Rail's Route Utilisation Strategy for Merseyside has called for an expansion to Merseyrail's current fleet to allow for both additional services and lengthening of trains to six cars. In December 2009 it was reported by various sources that the former Southeastern and London Overground units would be transferred to Merseyrail.[15][16] Two ex-London-Overground units were moved to Warrington Arpley Yard in November 2009, but returned south soon after. Meanwhile, the ex Southeastern 508s were moved to Telford Railfreight Terminal for storage between May 2010 and February 2011 [17] before they moved to Eastleigh for further storage in late 2011. On 14 August 2012, 508212 was moved to the Fire Training College at Moreton-in-Marsh.[18]

Liveries

Class 508s have appeared in many colours over their lifetimes, more so than any EMU of similar type.

  • BR Blue and Grey (1979–1997): the initial livery lasted until well into their careers on Merseyside. The units also carried the MPTE 69 logo and Merseyrail branding on the driver's side of the outer ends of the driving vehicles after transfer to Merseyside.
{{Wide image|Class 508 BR Corporate Diagram.png|1200px|BR Corporate Livery 1979 - 1997|centre}}
  • Merseyrail Original (1992–2001; repaints 2002–2004): yellow with white around the windows and black and grey stripes, exclusive to Merseyside EMUs.
  • Connex Yellow and White (1996–2006): white with yellow effects down the sides.
{{Wide image|Class 508 Connex Diagram.png|900px|Connex South Eastern livery 1996 - 2006|centre}}
  • Merseyrail Revised (2000–2004): a lighter yellow, and no black stripe.[19]
  • Merseyrail trial liveries (2001): One car of 508123 used for testing new liveries on each side of the carriage.[20]
  • Merseyrail Refurbished (2003–2015): silver, with vertical curved yellow stripes receding from the cab ends. The passenger doors were all yellow, introduced as a safety measure by Merseyrail. 'M' branding on the front ends and on the sides, and a Merseyrail vinyl. The vinyl was purchased without graffiti protection, and so it does not wear well if vandalised. Several sets are run with their 'M' logos missing or worn away.
{{Wide image|Class 507 Merseyrail New Diagram.png|900px|Class 508/1 diagram|centre}}
  • Silverlink Metro (2004–): purple, green and silver, applied when they were modified in 2003.
{{Wide image|Class 313.PNG|900px|Silverlink livery 2004 - 2010|centre}}
  • South Eastern Trains (2005–2006): white with yellow and black side stripes. Unit 508208 was one of the first to receive this, in May 2005.
  • Southeastern (April 2006 – December 2008): white, black and grey as carried by the 465/466 fleet, with the doors in corporate lilac.
{{Wide image|Class 508 South Eastern Diagram.png|900px|South Eastern livery, 2006 - 2008 |centre}}
  • Merseyrail Capital of Culture (2008–2009): based around the Merseyrail Refurbished livery, with overlain graphics. One of the four sets in the promotional Capital of Culture liveries[21] is 508134, with the theme of creativity with a purple background. Photographs depicted focus on some of the culture of Liverpool, such as the SuperLambBanana. The colourful liveries met with mixed reactions from travellers. It was most often on the Southport – Hunts Cross line. Passenger doors carry diagonal safety stripes.[22][23]
  • Merseyrail The Beatles Story (October 2011 –): blue background, with mainly-white text and graphics, advertising The Beatles Story exhibition at the Albert Dock in Liverpool. The passenger doors are all yellow, as a safety measure which was introduced, previously, by Merseyrail. The livery is applied as a vinyl skin.[24] This livery is unique to unit number 508111.
  • Merseyrail Good Communications (January 2014 –): six different designs, half with a yellow background, and half with a brushed metal background, applied with each set having one yellow side and one brushed metal side.[25][26] Both sides have lifestyle text, in a rounded font, and graphics along a lower railway map-type stubbed stripe. The passenger doors are white on the yellow sides and yellow on the brushed metal sides. There is Merseyrail 'M' branding on each of the passenger doors, as well as on the cab fronts. The livery is applied as a vinyl skin.[27][28]

Naming

Named units are as follows:[29]

  • 508111 - The Beatles
  • 508123 - William Roscoe
  • 508136 - Capital of Culture[30] (denamed)
  • 508136 - Wilfred Owen MC
  • 508207 - James D Rowlands[31]

Incidents

  • 508118 was gutted by fire during 2001 at Birkenhead.{{cn|date=April 2016}}
  • On 26 October 2005 508124, forming 2W43 1706 West Kirby return via Liverpool Lime Street, derailed 200m short of Liverpool Central, caused by track gauge widening due to poor track condition. There were no serious injuries. The RAIB report[32] cited incompatibility between Class 508 (and 507) EMUs and the Liverpool Loop track as a causal factor, along with maintenance and other track design concerns.
  • On 6 March 2007 508210, forming the 0500 Tonbridge to Gatwick Airport, derailed near Crowhurst, Surrey, after hitting a fallen tree on the line. None of the eight people on board were hurt.[33]

Replacement

On 14 May 2012, Merseytravel announced that it was beginning a project for replacement of the 508s and 507s.[34][35] The lease on the Class 507s and 508s has been extended to 2018. As part of the agreement with Angel Trains, the fleet will receive a refresh package including external re-livery, internal enhancements and engineering work.[36]

On 11 January 2016 Merseytravel announced the short list of companies bidding to build new trains which will replace the Class 507 and Class 508s on the Merseyrail network.[34] In December 2016, Merseytravel announced that Stadler had won the £460 million contract and that the new {{brc|777}} trains would be delivered from summer 2019 with all the old trains replaced by 2021.[37]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{harvnb|Fox|1994|p=86}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite book| last = | first = | title = Vehicle Diagram Book No. 210 for Electric Multiple Units (Including A.P.T.) | publisher = British Railways Board | location = Derby | date = 1981 | page = EA208, EH218, EI203 | work=Barrowmore MRG |url=http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf |isbn = }}
3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Recognition%20Tech%20Data%20EMU/EMU_508.html|title=Class 508|work=The Railway Centre|accessdate=31 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724190140/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Recognition%20Tech%20Data%20EMU/EMU_508.html|archivedate=24 July 2008}}
4. ^{{harvnb|Maund|2001|p=78}}
5. ^{{harvnb|Marsden|1982|pp=4, 6}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abrail.co.uk/MAG%2036.htm|title=Trans Pennine: The Magazine of the Pennine Railway Society|work=AbRail|accessdate=3 August 2016}}
7. ^{{harvnb|Cadwallader|Jenkins|2010|p=42}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{harvnb|Maund|2001|p=82}}
9. ^{{cite magazine|title=Readers' round-up|magazine=Rail Enthusiast|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=February–March 1982|p=51|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
10. ^1 2 3 {{harvnb|Maund|2001|p=85}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kentrail.org.uk/class_508.htm|title=Class 508|work=Kent Rail|accessdate=2 December 2015}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.southeasternrailway.co.uk/news.php?id=38&u=news.php&lm=remindpass|title=New Southeastern timetable begins in December|date=5 September 2006|accessdate=4 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006132551/http://www.southeasternrailway.co.uk/news.php?id=38&u=news.php&lm=remindpass|archivedate=6 October 2006}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/95289374@N04/30040483283/|title=Class 508 (508201) at Seacombe|author=|date=|website=flickr.com|accessdate=10 April 2018}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/130120190@N03/30719753495|title=508209 - Seacombe|author=|date=|website=flickr.com|accessdate=10 April 2018}}
15. ^{{cite journal|author=Broadbent, Steve|date=December 2008|title=Merseyside RUS addresses serious growth issues|journal=Rail|issue=607|pages=10–11|location= Peterborough|issn= 0953-4563}}
16. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nwrail.org.uk/nw0912a.htm |title= North Wales Coast Railway Noticeboard |accessdate= 5 December 2009 |date= 4 December 2009 |publisher= Charlie Hulme }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/50527553@N07/5489794062/|title=South-Eastern & Connex South-Eastern Class 508/2s at Donnington Railfreight Terminal, Telford|work=Flickr|accessdate=}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/zeds_outlook_on_life/7788412864/|title=508212 goes to Moreton Aug 12|work=Flickr|accessdate=}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.martynhilbert.railpic.net/gallery/displayimage.php?album=2&pid=2342#top_display_media|title=508138 at Birkdale|work=Martyn Hilbert Railway Photography|accessdate=14 February 2016}}
20. ^{{harvnb|Maund|2001|p=83}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.wirralglobe.co.uk/news/2071749.Trains_take_fast_track_to_Capital_of_Culture/|title=Trains take fast track to Capital of Culture|work=Wirral Globe|date=25 February 2008|accessdate=16 February 2016}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mattypsrailwaypics.com/uploads/9/3/9/5/9395206/4585369_orig.jpg|title=Matty P's Railway Pics|accessdate=5 June 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stewartsigns.co.uk/blog/2008/05/step-on-the-culture-train/|work=Stewart Signs|title=Step on the Culture train!|accessdate=5 June 2014}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stewartsigns.co.uk/blog/2011/10/stewart-signs-wrap-the-beatles-story-train-for-merseytravels-ultimate-ticket-to-ride/|work=Stewart Signs|title=Stewart Signs wrap The Beatles Story train for Merseytravel's ultimate Ticket to Ride!|accessdate=5 June 2014}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.merseyrail.org/seasonal/new-look-trains.aspx|work=Merseyrail|title=New Look Trains|accessdate=5 June 2014}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dartslf.com/PEP/liveries_ml.html|work=Production PEP|title=New Look Trains|accessdate=27 Jan 2019}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prolificnorth.co.uk/2014/02/good-communications-designs-new-look-merseyrail-trains/|work=Prolific North|title=Good Communications designs new-look Merseyrail trains|accessdate=5 June 2014}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rmweb.co.uk/community/index.php?/topic/82159-507017-breaks-cover-in-the-new-merseyrail-livery/|work=RMWeb|title=507017 breaks cover in the new Merseyrail livery|accessdate=5 June 2014}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Nemeplates/Frontpage.html |title=The Encyclopaedia of Modern Traction Names |accessdate=15 December 2010}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://therailwaycentre.com/Nemeplates/C.html|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Traction Names: C|work=The Railway Centre|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208031335/http://therailwaycentre.com/Nemeplates/C.html|archivedate=8 February 2009}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/zeds_outlook_on_life/14643463437/|title=T7 001|work=Flickr|accessdate=}} 508207 - nameplate in unit
32. ^{{cite web |url = http://raib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/reports_2006/report142006.cfm |title = Derailment near Liverpool Central underground station 26 October 2005 |accessdate = 23 April 2011 |date= 11 August 2006 |publisher = RAIB}}
33. ^{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/6421929.stm |title= Train derails after hitting tree |accessdate= 3 March 2008 |date=6 March 2007 |work= BBC News}}
34. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.merseytravel.gov.uk/about-us/media-centre/news/Pages/Another-step-towards-new-Merseyrail-trains-as-bidder-shortlist-announced.aspx |title= Another step towards new Merseyrail trains as bidder shortlist announced |accessdate= 11 January 2016|date= 11 January 2016|publisher= Merseytravel}}
35. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-18056511|title=Merseyrail trains to be replaced|work=BBC News|date=14 May 2012|accessdate=6 February 2017}}
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/business/merseyrail-hits-two-year-high-7057247 |title=Best Merseyrail service for two years|work=Liverpool Echo|first=Neil|last=Hodgson|date=1 May 2014|accessdate=6 February 2017}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/merseytravel-reveals-new-460m-train-12332902 |title=Merseytravel reveals new £460m train fleet plans - with no train guards|work=Liverpool Echo|first=Alistair|last=Houghton|date=16 December 2016|accessdate=6 February 2017}}

Sources

  • {{cite book|first1=Jonathan|last1=Cadwallader|first2=Martin|last2=Jenkins|title=Merseyside Electrics|publisher=Ian Allan|year=2010|isbn=9780711034174|oclc=455806364|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|title=Electric Multiple Units|series=British Railways Pocket Book No.4|first=Peter|last=Fox|publisher=Platform 5|edition=7th|year=1994|isbn=9781872524603|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Marsden|first1=Colin|title=Motive Power Recognition:2 EMUs|date=1982|publisher=Ian Allan|isbn=0 7110 1165 6|edition=1st|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|title=Merseyrail Electrics: The Inside Story|first=T.B.|last=Maund|year=2001|publisher=NBC Books|oclc=655126526|ref=harv}}

Further reading

{{Commons category|British Rail Class 508}}
  • {{cite book|title=Merseyrail Electric|first=Martyn|last=Hilbert|publisher=Fonthill Media|year=2016|isbn=9781781555132}}
  • {{cite magazine|title=Connex '508s' go to work on Isle of Sheppey line|first=Lee|last=West|magazine=RAIL|issue=338|publisher=EMAP Apex Publications|date=26 August – 8 September 1998|p=15|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}
{{PEP-derived}}{{British Rail EMU}}

3 : British Rail electric multiple units|BREL products|Rail transport in Merseyside
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