“Calueque”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The area was of considerable strategic importance, providing the pretext for the initial 1975 South African military intervention in the Angolan Civil War when staff at the facility were threatened by guerrillas.^[3] Full intervention through Operation Savannah followed shortly afterwards.

Throughout the Angolan Civil war Calueque remained continuously occupied by South African forces. In 1988, during the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale, the Cubans opened a second front against the South Africans and launched a massive ground offensive in the direction of Calueque. The area to the north of the dam became the scene of bloody fighting which proved to be a turning point in the war. On 27 June 1988, the South Africans retreated across the dam to South-West Africa and the same day Cuban MiG-23 fighters attacked the facilities. The first wave of aircraft bombed the bridge and sluice gates, killing a soldier in the process. Another wave bombed the pump and generator, while a third destroyed the pipeline to Ovamboland. Significantly, one of the last bombs hit the position of eleven South African soldiers nearby who had exited their Buffel troop carrier to watch the events unfold. The dam and pipelines were considerably damaged, rendering the scheme inoperable.^[4]

Whilst the Calueque Dam and bridge were neglected since the bombing of 1988,^[5] the Angolan Government in April 2012 signed a USD225million contract for the rehabilitation of the dam wall, the construction of two hydro plants, a new channel and 21 irrigation pivots. The project was awarded to Mota-Engil and Lyon and is scheduled to take 25 months.^[6]

References

1. ^{{Cite web|last=Hogan|first=C. Michael|year=2012|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Kunene_River?topic=78166|title=Kunene River|editor-last=Saundry|editor-first=P.|editor2-last=Cleveland|editor2-first=C.|work=Encyclopedia of Earth|publisher=National Council for Science and the Environment|location=Washington DC|accessdate=2012-05-14}}
2. ^{{cite press release|title=Agreement between the government of the Republic of South Africa and the government of Portugal in regard to the first phase of development of the water resources of the Cunene river basin|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/W7414B/w7414b11.htm|date=21 January 1969|publisher=Département de l'administration et des finances (Portugal)|accessdate=2012-05-02}}
3. ^{{cite book|title=Days of the Generals|page=21|last=Hamann|first=Hilton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYgWcHq8lE8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=New Holland Publishers|year=2001|isbn=978-1-86872-340-9|accessdate=2007-10-15}}
4. ^{{cite book|title=The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965-1991: From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale|last=George|first=Edward|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|page=245|isbn=0-415-35015-8}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.namibian.com.na/2007/July/national/07A5358397.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20070815041710/http://www.namibian.com.na/2007/July/national/07A5358397.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=15 August 2007|date=16 July 2007|title=No plans to repair Calueque wall|publisher= The Namibian|accessdate=}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/en_us/noticias/economia/2012/3/14/Calueque-Dam-under-rehabilitation,e5b8b352-3deb-4fe4-9d3c-0491595be900.html|date=4 February 2012|title=Calueque Dam under rehabilitation|publisher= ANGOP}}

Angolan Civil War

References

External links