| 词条 | Camp Speicher |
| 释义 |
| name = Tikrit Air Academy Al Sahra Airfield | ensign=Flag of Iraq.svg | ensign_size=90px | native_name = | partof = | location = | nearest_town = Tikrit, Saladin Province | country = Iraq | image = | caption = | pushpin_map = Iraq | pushpin_label = Tikrit Air Academy | pushpin_map_caption = Shown within Iraq | coordinates = {{Coord|34|40|39|N|043|33|02|E|region:IR_type:airport|display=inline,title}} | type = | code = | site_area = | height = | ownership = Ministry of Defence | operator = Iraqi Air Force | controlledby = | open_to_public = | condition = | built = {{Start date|1973}} | builder = | used = 1973-present | materials = | fate = | battles = | events = | current_commander = | past_commanders = | garrison = | occupants = | elevation = {{Convert|130|m|0}} | IATA = | ICAO = | FAA = | TC = | LID = | GPS = | WMO = | r1-number =14/32 | r1-length = {{Convert|3120|m|0}} | r1-surface = Asphalt | website = }}Camp Speicher, officially known as the Tikrit Air Academy and formerly as FOB Speicher, COB Speicher, and Al Sahra Airfield (under Saddam Hussein) is an air installation near Tikrit in northern Iraq. The installation is approximately 170 kilometers north of Baghdad and 11 kilometers west of the Tigris River. The United States Army captured the base from the Iraqi Army during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and used it during the Iraq War as the headquarters of the United States Division–North (USD-N, formerly Multinational Division, North, (MND-N)). The airfield is served by two main runways measuring {{convert|9600|ft|m}} long with a shorter runway measuring {{convert|7200|ft|m|adj=on}}. The Americans named the airfield after Captain Michael Scott Speicher, a United States Navy pilot who was killed in action in Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War. Prior to the 2003 invasion, Al Sahra Airfield was the main base of the Iraqi Air Force Air Academy.[1] ConstructionThe base was one of several Iraqi Air Force airfields in the mid-1970s which were re-built under project "Super-Base" in response to the experiences from Arab-Israeli wars in 1967 and 1973.[2] Capture by United States forcesDuring the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the main runway and some taxiways were cut by bomb hits, and the large main hangar structure was destroyed. The remains of the other large hangar next to it burned down in a large fire in July 2003. The original unit to take control of the base was 1-10th Cavalry of the 4th Infantry Division. The base was then handed over to the 4th Aviation Brigade of the 4th Infantry Division in the second week of the war. The Americans originally christened the base Forward Logistics Base (FLB) Sycamore,[3] but the name was later changed to Forward Operating Base Speicher[4] and then Contingency Operating Base Speicher.[5] The name was changed in honor of Scott Speicher, an American pilot who was shot down in the 1991 Gulf War.[1] Occupation by United States forcesOverviewAmerican soldiers, civilians, and contractors had access to a variety of amenities over the course of the United States' occupation of the base. The base had a large Post Exchange (PX), as well as several American fast food restaurants, including Subway, Burger King, and Pizza Hut.[6] UnitsAviation
Ground unitsUnits that have been based at COB Speicher include: Unknown
The US Army left COB Speicher in October 2011 as part of the general withdrawal of US Forces. Camp Speicher is currently used by the Iraqi Army and Air Force. Current use{{See also|Camp Speicher massacre}}By mid June 2014, Tikrit was overrun by the militant group Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS). Iraqi Air Force cadets reported that many of the camp's officers fled as ISIS approached, and, as a result, several thousand Shia cadets and other personnel abandoned their uniforms and began to walk toward Baghdad.[8] Several miles from the camp, they were confronted and taken prisoners by approximately fifty ISIS militants in armored vehicles.[8] Following their capture, about 1700 were killed in mass shooting executions. A video released by ISIS in July showed the executions done in several locations including shooting the cadets in trenches and then throwing the bodies in the River Tigris. In early September, corpses were seen floating on the surface. Very few managed to escape unharmed and survive.[9][10] Camp Speicher was contested throughout the summer of 2014. The Daily Telegraph reported in June that Speicher was at one point under the control of ISIS,[11] but according to later accounts, ISIS never captured the airfield.[8] On 17 July, following the Iraqi Army's defeat in the First Battle of Tikrit, insurgents launched an assault on the camp, where an estimated 700 government soldiers and 150 Iranian or Iraqi Shia militiamen were besieged.[12] The assault included snipers and suicide bombers and the militants quickly managed to reach the runway, at which point Iraqi special forces joined the battle.[13] The base was bombarded and mortared all night. By the next morning, according to various sources, the final pocket of government troops had collapsed.[12] At least 25–35 insurgents were also killed.[13][19] Iraqi forces attempted to save the base's aircraft by flying them out,[13] but according to ISIL 8–9 helicopters were destroyed on the ground or shot down, with several armored vehicles destroyed as well.[14] The Iraqi Army denied the alleged capture of the base with soldiers from the front line reporting that Speicher was still under their control,[15] with only three soldiers being killed,[13] one helicopter destroyed and two damaged.[14] A Tikrit resident also reported continued fighting around the base.[16] Two days later, the military reported that Iraqi special forces had re-secured the base.[17] See also{{Portal|Military of the United States}}
References1. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Dina Rasor|author2=Robert Bauman|title=Betraying Our Troops: The Destructive Results of Privatizing War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ELrXjoxifrgC&pg=PA131|date=1 May 2007|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-8192-9|page=131}} 2. ^{{Cite web| title = Second Death of the IrAF|author1=Tom Cooper|author2=Farzad Bishop| work = acig.info| accessdate = 2015-07-27| url = http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=74&Itemid=47}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Amy Yarsinske|title=An American in the Basement: The Betrayal of Captain Scott Speicher and the Cover-up of His Death|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfsBBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT305|date=1 July 2013|publisher=Trine Day|isbn=978-1-937584-21-4|page=305}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=$5.8M to improve FOB Speicher, Iraq|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/58M-to-Improve-FOB-Speicher-Iraq-04925/|date=3 June 2008|accessdate=25 July 2015|publisher=Defense Industry Daily}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Pat Proctor|title=Task Force Patriot and the End of Combat Operations in Iraq|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6L1KBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA21|date=28 December 2011|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-60590-778-9|page=21}} 6. ^{{Cite web| title = In Iraq, soldiers also fight battle of the bulge| work = cleveland.com| accessdate = 2015-07-25| url = http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2008/11/in_iraq_soldiers_also_fight_ba.html| quote = }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/118med.htm|title=118th Area Support Medical Battalion|author=John Pike|work=globalsecurity.org}} 8. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/04/world/middleeast/surviving-isis-massacre-iraq-video.html?emc=edit_th_20140904&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=27291344&_r=0|title = Escaping Death in Northern Iraq|last = Arango|first = Tim|date = 2014-09-04|work = New York Times|accessdate = 2014-09-04}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/06/26/iraq-isis-execution-site-located|title=Iraq: ISIS Execution Site Located|work=Human Rights Watch}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x256964_group-islamic-militants-killed-770-iraqi-troops_news|title=Group: Islamic Militants Killed 770 Iraqi Troops - Video Dailymotion|author=Wochit Headline News|work=Dailymotion}} 11. ^{{Cite web| title = Iraq crisis: ISIS jihadists execute dozens of captives| author = Richard Spencer| work = Telegraph.co.uk| date = 15 June 2014| accessdate = 2015-07-25| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10901866/Iraq-crisis-ISIS-jihadists-execute-dozens-of-captives.html}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/07/18/4243140/islamic-state-overwhelms-iraqi.html|title=Islamic State overwhelms Iraqi forces at Tikrit in major defeat|work=miamiherald|accessdate=16 October 2014}} 13. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/139517-is-led-militants-storm-iraqi-air-base-near-tikrit|title=IS-led Militants Storm Iraqi Air Base near Tikrit|work=Naharnet|accessdate=16 October 2014}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/07/islamic_state_overru.php|title=Islamic State overruns Camp Speicher, routs Iraqi forces|publisher=Longwarjournal.org|accessdate=16 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326164552/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/07/iraqi_military_says_it_retakes.php|archivedate=26 March 2015}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/07/20/the-iraqi-army_s-alamo--standoff-in-tikrit.html|title=The Iraqi Army’s Alamo: Standoff in Tikrit|work=The Daily Beast|accessdate=16 October 2014}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/19/iraq-bombings-islamicstate.html|title=Multiple bombings in Baghdad kill at least 27|publisher=America.aljazeera.com|accessdate=16 October 2014}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2014/07/iraqi_military_says_it_retakes.php|title=Iraqi military says it retakes control of key base in Tikrit|publisher=Longwarjournal.org|accessdate=16 October 2014}} External links
4 : Closed installations of the United States Army|Closed military facilities of the United States in Iraq|Iraqi Air Force bases|1973 establishments in Iraq |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。