| 词条 | Broch of Clickimin | |||
| 释义 |
|name = Broch of Clickimin |native_name = |alternate_name = |image = Clickimin Broch 20080820 04.jpg |alt = |caption = Broch of Clickimin |map_type = Scotland Shetland |location = Mainland, Shetland |coordinates = {{coord|60.149289|-1.165543|display=inline}} |type = Broch |epochs = Iron Age |ownership = Historic Scotland | designation1 = scheduled monument | designation1_offname = Clickimin Broch,broch and settlement | designation1_date = 18 August 1882 | designation1_number = {{Historic Environment Scotland|num=SM90077|short=yes}} }} The Broch of Clickimin (also Clickimin Broch) is a large, well-preserved but restored broch in Lerwick in Shetland, Scotland ({{gbmapping|HU46434082}}). Originally built on an island in Clickimin Loch, it was approached by a stone causeway. The broch is situated within a walled enclosure and, unusually for brochs, features a large "forework" or "blockhouse" between the opening in the enclosure and the broch itself. The site is maintained by Historic Scotland.[1] According to its excavator, John R.C. Hamilton, there were several periods of occupation of the site: Late Bronze Age farmstead, Early Iron Age farmstead, Iron Age fort, broch period, and wheelhouse settlement. LocationClickimin Broch is situated on the south shore of the Clickimin Loch, three-quarters of a mile south-west of Lerwick on the Lerwick-Sumburgh road.[2] It sits on a small promontory jutting into the loch.[3] It is one of the best preserved broch sites in Shetland.[2] DescriptionThe broch has an external diameter of around 20 metres and an internal diameter of around 9 metres. It is surrounded by a stone-walled fort consisting of a blockhouse and ringwork.[2] The blockhouse is a free-standing drystone gateway set just within the entrance to the fort.[3] Access to the broch is achieved via the entrance on the western side.[3] The entrance passage may have had a "guard cell", now blocked up, on the right side, just inside the door jamb. The interior of the broch has two cells within the walls at ground-level.[3] Excavations have revealed the postholes for internal timber buildings and in the 19th century there were said to have been radiating stone piers visible.[3] There are two additional entrances to the broch at upper levels.[3] The north entrance leads both into the interior and to a staircase. The other entrance leads to an intramural gallery.[3] HistoryThe broch was originally excavated and cleared in 1861-2.[3] Following major vandalism and dilapidation, parts of the site were rebuilt by the Office of Works in 1908-10. It was excavated again between 1953 and 1957 by J. R. C. Hamilton, who proposed a complex chronology for it.[2] The earliest occupation of the site, according to Hamilton, was a small Late Bronze Age farmstead of the 7th or 6th centuries BC which (he said) was superseded by a larger circular Iron Age farmhouse built about the 5th century BC.[2] In the 4th, or early 3rd century BC, Hamilton continued, a stone-walled fort consisting of the block-house and ringwork was constructed, which was in turn superseded by the broch in about the 1st century AD.[2] In the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD a large wheelhouse was built within the reduced tower and with minor outhouses, storage pits and cattle stalls dug in the debris inside the older defences.[2] In recent years Hamilton's schema has been challenged by archaeologists and others: the ring wall, blockhouse and broch are now usually assumed to be contemporary. For a full account see B. Smith, 'How not to reconstruct the Iron Age in Shetland: modern interpretations of Clickimin broch', Northern Studies, 47, 2015. Archaeological FindsFinds include stone lamps, whetstones, bone and whalebone objects, a die, a few bronze objects,[3] and two fragments of Roman glass.[2] ImagesReferences1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/clickimin-broch/ |title= Clickimin Broch|publisher=Historic Scotland |accessdate=1 Sep 2013}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Canmore |num=1049 |desc=Lerwick, South Road, Clickimin |access-date=14 September 2014}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite book |last=Ritchie |first=J N G |date=1998 |title=Brochs of Scotland |publisher=Shire Publications |pages=24–6 |isbn=0747803897}} External links{{Commons category|Clickimin Broch}}
5 : Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Shetland|Brochs in Shetland|Historic Scotland properties in Shetland|Former islands of Scotland|Lerwick |
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