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词条 Cantonese Braille
释义

  1. Charts

      Punctuation  

  2. See also

  3. References

{{Infobox writing system
| name = Cantonese Braille
| altname = {{bc|background=transparent|t|ff|1|c|i|2}}
| type = semisyllabary
| typedesc =
| time =
| languages = Cantonese
| fam1 = Braille
| fam2 =
| creator =
| sample =
| imagesize =
| note = none
}}{{Cantonese language}}

Cantonese Braille (Chinese: 粵語點字) is a braille script used to write Cantonese in Hong Kong and Macau. It is locally referred to as tim chi (點字 dim2zi6) 'dot characters', or more commonly but ambiguously tuk chi (凸字 dat6zi6) 'raised characters'. Although Cantonese is written in Chinese characters, Cantonese Braille is purely phonetic, with punctuation, digits, and Latin letters from the original Braille. It can be mixed with English text.

Charts

Each syllable is divided into three parts: the initial consonant, the rime (vowel and any final consonant), and the tone. For example, 盤 pun4 is written {{angle bracket|{{bc|⠯|⠮|⠄}}}}, with initial p, final un, and tone 4.[1] (See Cantonese phonology.) Among initials, aspirated consonants (p t ts k kw = p' t' ts' k' kw') are derived by adding dots to the unaspirated consonants (b d dz g gw = p t ts k kw):

Initials
Brailletype=i|f}}type=i|h}}type=i|k}}type=i|r}}type=i|l}}type=i|m}}type=i|n}}type=i|p}}type=i|and}}type=i|s}}type=i|t}}type=i|with}}type=i|w}}type=i|j}}type=i|c}}type=i|x}}type=i|q}}type=i|er}}type=i|g}}
Pinyinf h g k l m n b p s d t w j dz ts gw kw ng
  • M and ng may also be used as rimes (syllabic nasals), in which case they are followed directly by the tone.
  • When i or u (but not y) begins a syllable, a dummy consonant j or w is prefixed.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}
Rimes
Brailletype=i|b}}type=i|346}}type=i|st}}type=i|345}}type=i|45}}type=i|c}}type=i|p}}type=i|t}}type=i|k}}
Pinyin a (aa) aai aau aam aan aang aap aat aak
Brailletype=i|sh}}type=i|ch}}type=i|456}}type=i|ny}}type=i|g}}type=i|en}}type=i|in}}type=i|kk}}
Pinyin–ai au am an ang ap at ak
Brailletype=i|e}}type=i|h}}NA}})NA}})type=i|gg}}NA}})type=i|w}}
Pinyineeieuem–engep–ek
Brailletype=i|d}}type=i|i}}type=i|y}}type=i|ff}}type=i|dd}}type=i|jj}}type=i|and}}type=i|with}}type=i|r}}
Pinyinsz†iiuiminingipitik
Brailletype=i|o}}type=i|126}}type=i|v}}type=i|l}}type=i|n}}type=i|56}}type=i|m}}type=i|f}}type=i|er}}
Pinyinooiouom†onongop†otok
Brailletype=i|u}}type=i|ou}}type=i|the}}type=i|hh}}type=i|z}}type=i|q}}
Pinyinuui––unung–utuk
Brailletype=i|wh}}type=i|j}}type=i|s}}type=i|cc}}type=i|x}}type=i|ow}}
Pinyinoeoey––oenoeng–oetoek
Brailletype=i|th}}type=i|23}}type=i|of}}
Pinyiny–––yn––yt–

† represents the symbol was abolished in the revised version in 1990.

The rimes eu, em, ep do not exist in braille.

High tone (tones 1 and 7) is not transcribed. Otherwise tone is written after the rime, as follows:

Tones
Brailletype=i|1}}type=i|4}}type=i|3}}type=i|6}}type=i|2}}type=i|5}}type=i|3}}
Pinyin2345689

In numerical order, the cells are as follows:

0 main sequence suppl.
{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|0}}
 		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1}}
t2		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|12}}
a		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|14}}
dz-aang		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|145}}
({{sc|na}})		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|15}}
e		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|124}}
f-ot		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1245}}
ng-ang		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|125}}
h-ei		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|24}}
i		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|245}}
j-oey		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|4}}
t3		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|45}}
aan
{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|3}}
t4/9		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|13}}
g-aak		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|123}}
l-  		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|143}}
m-m		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1453}}
n-on		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|153}}
o		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1234}}
b-aap		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|12345}}
gw-uk		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1235}}
k-ik		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|234}}
s-oen		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|2345}}
d-aat		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|43}}
aau		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|453}}
aam
{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|36}}
({{sc|na}})		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|136}}
u		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1236}}
ou		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1436}}
ts-oet		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|14536}}
iu		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1536}}
ut		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|12346}}
p-ip		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|123456}}
({{sc|na}})		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|12356}}
yt		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|2346}}
un		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|23456}}
t-it		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|436}}
aai		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|4536}}
({{sc|na}})
{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|6}}
t5		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|16}}
au		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|126}}
oi		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|146}}
ai		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1456}}
y		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|156}}
oe		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1246}}
an		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|12456}}
kw-ok		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|1256}}
ui		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|246}}
oek		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|2456}}
w-ek		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|46}}
ak		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|456}}
am
{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|2}}
t6		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|23}}
yn		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|25}}
oeng		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|256}}
in		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|26}}
ap		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|235}}
im		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|2356}}
eng		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|236}}
ung		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|35}}
at		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|356}}
ing		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|5}}
t8		{{Braille cell>size=300%|type=textlink|56}}
ong

Punctuation

Some of the punctuation marks are distinguished from the onset or rime of a syllable by the strategic use of the {{bc|0}} space. The spaces are therefore included in the table below, though they are not technically part of the punctuation mark.

Braille{{braille cell|type=i|123456|0}}type=i|236|0}}type=i|2346|0}}type=i|25|0}}type=i|26|0}}type=i|36|3}}type=i|36|36}}{{braille cell|type=i|0|3|3|3|0}}
Print 。?!:; - —…
Braille{{braille cell|type=i|56|23}}type=i|0|2356}}type=i|2356|0}}type=i|0|6|2356}}type=i|2356|3|0}}type=i|0|126}}type=i|345|0}}type=i|0|6|126}}type=i|345|3|0}}
Print ·()[]《》〈〉
Brailletype=i|36}}type=i|45}}type=i|0|236}}type=i|356|0}}type=i|0|6|236}}type=i|356|3|0}}type=i|0|12356}}type=i|12456|0}}type=i|0|456}}type=i|1356|0}}
Print ,、“”‘’start emph.end emph.start nameend name

The emphasis marks, {{bc|12356|12456}} are equivalent to running dots alongside the characters in print, while proper names are marked in print by an underline or overline.

See also

  • Cantonese
  • Chinese Braille

References

1. ^Jennie Lam Suk Yin, 2003, Confusion of tones in visually-impaired children using Cantonese braille (Archived by WebCite® at https://www.webcitation.org/6AK0HT0Vk?url=http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/40646/1/FullText.pdf?accept=1
  • UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.
{{Braille}}{{Chinese language}}

3 : Cantonese language|Languages of Hong Kong|French-ordered braille scripts
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