| 词条 | Cape mountain toad |
| 释义 |
| name = Cape mountain toad | image = | status = CR | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Capensibufo rosei | authority = (Hewitt, 1926) | synonyms = Bufo rosei Hewitt, 1926 }} The Cape mountain toad or Rose's mountain toad (Capensibufo rosei) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. Other common names include Rose's mountain toadlet, striped mountain toad, Rose's toad, and Muizenberg Cape toad.[2] It is endemic to South Africa, where its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation known as fynbos. It is threatened by habitat loss. DescriptionFemale Cape mountain toads grow to a length around {{convert|39|mm|1|abbr=on}}, while males are smaller at {{convert|28|mm|1|abbr=on}}. The body is relatively long, the hind limbs are short, and the toes are unwebbed. The dorsal surface is variably coloured in shades of grey or brown with a few paler streaks, and is smooth with scattered warts and blister-like ridges. The parotoid glands are obvious, but no tympani (eardrums) are visible, a fact which helps distinguish this species from the otherwise similar Capensibufo tradouwi. The ventral surface is white with dark blotches, and its posterior part has skin granulations. During the breeding season, an oval pink patch is seen underneath the vent.[2] Distribution and habitatThe Cape mountain toad is endemic to parts of the Western Cape province of South Africa, southwest of the Breede River and including the Cape Peninsula.[1] This is a hilly area and has a Mediterranean-type climate with a rainy season in the winter. It has a distinctive, heathland vegetation known as fynbos, characterised by small evergreen, sclerophyllous plants including proteas and ericoid species, herbs, bulbous plants, and grasses, but not large trees.[3] The Cape mountain toad is found at elevations of between {{convert|60|and|1,600|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level, mostly at altitudes above {{convert|400|m|ft|abbr=on}}.[1] BiologyBreeding takes place at the time of the winter rains when temporary shallow pools form. The males do not call to attract females, and this may be the only South African species of amphibian that lacks a voice.[2] About one hundred eggs are laid in a gelatinous string and take about twelve days to hatch. The rate of growth of the tadpoles depends on the temperature and availability of food and metamorphosis into juvenile toads may occur about six weeks after hatching.[1][2] StatusIt is only found in fynbos heathland on the Cape and it does not seem to be adaptable to the changes in habitat associated with an increase in nonlocal plants and burning of the heathland that sometimes occurs. Although it is locally common at temporary pools in the breeding season, it occupies only about 2% of the suitable habitat in its range, is known from only eight localities and is absent from many areas that seem suitable, including some where it was found in the past. A disjunct population of Capensibufo rosei was initially discovered on Table Mountain in the year 1927[4]. However no activity has been observed for many decades and the current status of this separate population is unknown[5].[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, South African Frog Re-assessment Group (SA-FRoG). 2017. Capensibufo rosei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T112716154A47759127. Downloaded on 22 September 2017. http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/112716154/0 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://africanamphibians.lifedesks.org/pages/25506 |title=Capensibufo rosei (Hewitt, 1926) |author1=de Villiers, A. L. |author2=Zimcus, Breda |publisher=African Amphibians Lifedesk |accessdate=2014-05-28}} 3. ^{{cite book | last = Manning | first = John | title = Field Guide to Fynbos | publisher = Struik Publishers | year = 2008 | isbn = 9781770072657 }} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=Rose |first1=Walter |title=The Reptiles And Amphibians Of Southern Africa |date=1950 |publisher=Maskew Miller, Limited |location=Cape Town |pages=378 |edition=1}} 5. ^(Rose, 1950) }}{{Taxonbar|from=Q247721}} 5 : Capensibufo|Endemic amphibians of South Africa|Amphibians described in 1926|Taxa named by John Hewitt (herpetologist)|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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