“Career ladder”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Career ladder is a metaphor for job promotion. In business and human resources management, the career ladder typically describes the progression from entry level positions to higher levels of pay, skill, responsibility, or authority. This metaphor is spatially oriented, and frequently used to denote upward mobility within a stratified promotion model. Because the career ladder does not provide for lateral movement, it is assumed to be a singular track with the greatest benefits at the top.

Job training programs, funded by public sector workforce funds and private foundations, have made attempts to increase the number of career ladders in various sectors, including health care, finance, and hospitality. The Annie E. Casey Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, and several other foundations funded a series of studies and pilot projects in the early 2000s to expand build a network of career ladders and mobility for workers through skills training and the use of workforce intermediaries, as described by Robert Giloth.^[1]

The California state Employment Development Department (EDD) also in the early 2000s funded a series of career ladder programs, spearheaded by then director Michael Bernick. The programs sought to improve mobility and income of low wage workforces in California. EDD worked with several industry associations in long-term care, hospitality, and even farm work. The career ladder programs had very mixed results.^[2]

Contrast to "bridge"

In this usage, the spatial metaphor of "bridge" would describe lateral promotion or entry. A bridged system would more closely resemble a fraternal organizational style, where members of the family are directly offered highly ranked positions. Another example is celebrities being directly elected among the public to political positions.^[3]

Dual career ladder

This extension to the traditional career ladder allows employees to be promoted along either a supervisory or technical track. Dual career ladder programs are common in the engineering, scientific and medical industries where valuable employees have particular technical skills but may not be inclined to pursue a management career path.^[4] When properly managed,^[5] these programs can help companies retain top talent by offering extended career opportunities while allowing employees to remain in their chosen careers and continue to receive salary increases.^[6]

References

1. ^{{cite book |title=Workforce Intermediaries: For the 21st Century |author=Robert Giloth |year=2003 |publisher=Temple University Press }}
2. ^{{cite book |title=Job Training That Gets Results: Ten Principles of Effective Employment Programs |author=Michael Bernick |year=2005 |publisher=W.E. Upjohn Institute }}
3. ^[https://books.google.dk/books?id=aRwVFUFi9MQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en Page 83: Celebrity Politicians] Elections American style. By James Reichley. Contributor James Reichley. Published by Brookings Institution Press, 1987. {{ISBN|0-8157-7381-1}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8157-7381-8}}. 291 pages
4. ^Allen, T. & Katz, R. (1986). The dual ladder: Motivational solution or managerial delusion? R&D Management, Vol. 16(2), 185-185. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01171.x
5. ^Hoffmann, P., Hoegl, M., Muethel, M. & Weiss, M. (2016). A contemporary justice perspective on dual ladders for R&D professionals. Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 33(5), 589– 612. Doi: 10.1111/jpim.12310
6. ^{{citation |author=Rick LaMont |title=Understanding the dual ladder |url=http://www.computersciencesalaryrange.com/understanding-the-dual-ladder/ |publisher=Computer Science Salary Range |accessdate=12 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811144622/http://www.computersciencesalaryrange.com/understanding-the-dual-ladder/ |archivedate=11 August 2013 |df= }}