| 词条 | Carleton Putnam |
| 释义 |
| name = Carleton Putnam | image = Carleton.Putnam.1939.jpg | caption = |birth_date = December 19, 1901 |birth_place = Manhattan, United States |death_date = {{death-date and age|March 5, 1998|December 19, 1901}} |death_place = Charlottesville, Virginia | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = | education = | employer = | occupation = | title = | salary = | networth = | height = | weight = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | spouse = Esther Auchincloss| partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = | alma_mater = Princeton University Columbia Law School (LLB)| }}Carleton Putnam (December 19, 1901 – March 5, 1998) was an American businessman, biographer, writer, and segregationist. He graduated from Princeton University in 1924 and received a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) from Columbia Law School in 1932. He founded Chicago & Southern Airlines in 1933, which in 1953 was merged with Delta Air Lines. He would later serve as chief executive officer of Delta Air Lines and hold a seat on its board of directors until his death.[1][2] Life and careerBorn to a prominent family of Yankee background, his mother Louise Carleton Putnam, was the daughter of New York publishing magnate George W. Carleton.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} Paternally, he was a lineal descendant of American Revolutionary War general Israel Putnam. He was also the cousin of physical anthropologist Carleton Coon, with whom he corresponded closely regarding theories of anatomical and biological differences between human races.[3] He was raised as part of the American Episcopal Church and remained a lifelong member. His best known written work is Race and Reason, an apology of racial segregation that originated in a letter he wrote to President Dwight Eisenhower protesting the end of segregation in U.S. public schools.[4] According to Putnam, the immediate impetus for his letter to Eisenhower was the concurring opinion of Justice Frankfurter in Cooper v. Aaron, 358 U.S. 1 (1958), which Putnam refers to as "the recent Little Rock case".[5]{{rp|5–6}} Elsewhere in the book Putnam critiques Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), calling for its reversal.[5]{{rp|26, 108}} Psychologist Henry Garrett wrote the introduction.[6] In this book, Putnam wrote: In the next 500,000,000,000 years I would be quite prepared to concede the possibility the Negro may, through normal processes of mutation and natural selection within his own race, eventually overtake and even surpass the white race. [...] When the Negro has bred out his limitations over hundreds, or thousands, of years, it will be time enough to consider absorbing him in any such massive doses as would be involved in the South today.[5]{{rp|53}} Putnam also wrote a biographical book on Theodore Roosevelt's youth that was praised by Edmund Morris, the author of the best known biography of that president. Putnam admired Roosevelt's belief that "Teutonic (and) English blood is the source of American greatness".[4] Carleton Putnam died of pneumonia on Mar. 5, 1998. He was survived by his wife, Esther Mackenzie Willcox Auchincloss, a daughter, three grandchildren, a stepdaughter, and three step-grandchildren. He was previously married to Lucy Chapman Putnam. References1. ^{{Cite journal |last1=Jackson |first1=John P. |title="In Ways Unacademical": The Reception of Carleton S. Coon's The Origin of Races |doi=10.1023/A:1010366015968 |journal=Journal of the History of Biology |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=247–285 |year=2001 |url=http://comm.colorado.edu/~jacksonj/research/coon.pdf |quote=The scion of an established New England family (and a cousin to Carleton Coon), Carleton Putnam was educated at Princeton and Columbia Law School in the 1920s. In 1933, Putnam established his own airline, building it into a successful business. After World War II, Putnam merged his airline with others forming Delta Airlines. [...] Putnam was convinced that the core problem with desegregation was the racial inferiority of the "Negro". Time and time again, Putnam claimed that the South was wasting its time with the call to defend "state's rights" and should instead focus on the true danger: race mingling. For Putnam, everything else was a side issue to the fundamental danger desegregation posed to continuation of white civilization. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514075459/http://comm.colorado.edu/~jacksonj/research/coon.pdf |archivedate=2013-05-14 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://paw.princeton.edu/memorials/47/22/index.xml?undergraduate_class=1924 |title=Carleton Putnam '24 |date=May 20, 1998 |work=Princeton Alumni Weekly |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=September 19, 2012 |quote=After Princeton, he became an aviation enthusiast. He earned his LLB in 1932 from Columbia Law School. Instead of practicing law, he turned a small California airline into a larger midwestern airline, Chicago and Southern, which merged into Delta in 1953. He was Delta's chairman of the board. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313214300/http://paw.princeton.edu/memorials/47/22/index.xml?undergraduate_class=1924 |archivedate=March 13, 2012 |df= }} 3. ^{{Cite book |title=Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education |last=Jackson |first= John P. |publisher=NYU Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8147-4271-6 |layurl=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/25.2/br_19.html |laydate=30 August 2010}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last=Bradley|first=James|title=The Imperial Cruise: a secret history of empire and war|date=2009|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-00895-2|pages=332–333}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Putnam|first=Carleton|title=Race and Reason: A Yankee View|date=1961|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Public Affairs Press|lccn=61-8447}} 6. ^{{cite journal |date=Spring 1998 |journal=Journal of Social Issues |first=Andrew S. |last=Winston |title=Science in the service of the far right: Henry E. Garrett, the IAAEE, and the Liberty Lobby - International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology - Experts in the Service of Social Reform: SPSSI, Psychology, and Society, 1936-1996 |volume=54 |pages=179–210 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01212.x}} Works
Further reading{{cite book |title=The funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund |last=Tucker |first=William H. |authorlink=William H. Tucker |publisher=University of Illinois Press |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-252-07463-9 |laysummary=http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/65rwe7dm9780252074639.html |laydate=4 September 2010 |ref=harv}}External links
12 : 1901 births|1998 deaths|Writers from New York City|20th-century American biographers|American Episcopalians|American white supremacists|20th-century American businesspeople|Scientific racism|Far-right politics in the United States|20th-century American male writers|American male non-fiction writers|Historians from New York (state) |
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