| 词条 | Carlo Caffarra |
| 释义 |
| type = cardinal | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | name = Carlo Caffarra | honorific-suffix = | title = Cardinal, Archbishop emeritus of Bologna | image = Carlo Caffarra.jpg | image_size = | alt = Cardinal Carlo Caffarra in 2012. | caption = | church = | archdiocese = | province = Bologna | metropolis = | diocese = | see = Bologna | elected = | appointed = 16 December 2003 | term = | term_start = 15 February 2004 | quashed = | term_end = 27 October 2015 | predecessor = Giacomo Biffi | opposed = | successor = Matteo Zuppi | other_post = Cardinal-Priest of S. Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini | ordination = 2 July 1961 | ordained_by = Guglielmo Bosetti | consecration = 21 October 1995 | consecrated_by = Giacomo Biffi | cardinal = 24 March 2006 | created_cardinal_by = Pope Benedict XVI | rank = Cardinal-Priest | birth_name = Carlo Caffarra | birth_date = {{birth date|1938|6|1|df=yes}} | birth_place = Samboseto di Busseto, Italy | death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|9|6|1938|6|1|df=yes}} | death_place = Bologna, Italy | buried = | nationality = Italian | religion = Roman Catholic | residence = | parents = | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Archbishop of Ferrara-Comacchio (1995–2003)|President of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family (1981–1995)}} | alma_mater = | motto = | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Carlo Caffarra.svg | coat_of_arms_alt = | feast_day = | venerated = | saint_title = | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = | patronage = | shrine = | suppressed_date = | other = }}{{Infobox cardinalstyles | cardinal name=Carlo Caffarra | dipstyle=His Eminence | offstyle=Your Eminence | See=Bologna | image = Coat of arms of Carlo Caffarra.svg | image_size = 200px |}} Carlo Caffarra (1 June 1938 – 6 September 2017) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Bologna from 2003 until 2015, when he retired. His previous positions included President of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family from 1981 to 1995 and Archbishop of Ferrara-Comacchio from 1995 to 2003. He was created a Cardinal in the consistory of 24 March 2006 by Pope Benedict XVI. Early lifeCaffarra was born on 1 June 1938 in Samboseto di Busseto (province of Parma), Emilia Romagna. He was educated at the Episcopal Seminary of Fidenza and the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, where he completed a doctorate in Canon law.[1] He was ordained a priest on 2 July 1961 in Rome.[2] Beginning in 1965, he taught moral theology in the seminaries of Fidenza and Parma and later at the Studio Teologico Accademico Bolognese, the Università Cattolica in Milan, and at the Theological Faculty of Northern Italy. His academic specialty was the moral doctrine of marriage and the bioethics of human procreation. He also taught medical ethics in the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery at the Università Cattolica's campus in Rome. Pope Paul VI named him a member of the International Theological Commission where he served from 1974 to 1984.[2] In 1980, Pope John Paul II named him an expert advisor to the Synod of Bishops on Marriage and the Family.[1] He was the first President of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family from its establishment in 1980[5] until 1995 and founded sections of the same institute in the United States, Spain and Mexico.[1][2] John Paul II appointed him a consultor to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in 1983.[2]BishopCaffarra was named Archbishop of Ferrara-Comacchio on 8 September 1995, and consecrated on 21 October 1995 in the Cathedral of Fidenza by Giacomo Biffi, Archbishop of Bologna. He was installed on 4 November.[1] Caffarra was appointed Archbishop of the Bologna on 16 December 2003[3] and installed there on 15 February 2004.[1] Caffarra was a noted opponent of contraception. In 1988, Caffarra weighed the sin of condom use against acquiring the AIDS virus: "Even the smallest moral wrong is so much greater than any physical wrong. I know this is hard for some to accept when the dangers are great, but the church is here to combat moral wrongs."[4] The next year, Caffarra argued condom campaigns further exposed society to AIDS because "the means of protection are far from reliable".[5] CardinalIn the consistory of 24 March 2006, Pope Benedict XVI named Caffarra Cardinal-Priest of S. Ioannis Baptistae Florentinorum.[6] On 7 May 2006 he was made a member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and the Executive Committee of the Pontifical Council for the Family.[7] He was identified at the time as "a strong conservative" voice for the opposition of the Catholic Church to the modern world[8] and one of Benedict XVI's less centrist appointments to the College of Cardinals.[9] In a note Caffarra published on 14 February 2010, he wrote "public officials who openly support same-sex marriage cannot consider themselves to be Catholic". He said: "It is impossible for the Catholic faith and support for putting homosexual unions on equal footing with marriage to coexist in one's conscience – the two contradict each other."[10] He participated as a cardinal elector in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis.[11] Pope Francis named him to participate in the Synod on the Family in October 2014, in advance of which Caffarra authored an essay that argued that Catholics who divorce and remarry must be denied access to the Eucharist because their situation "is in objective contradiction with that bond of love that unites Christ and the church, which is signified and actualized by the Eucharist". Allowing them access would mean the Church recognize their extramarital sexual relations as legitimate and contradict Church doctrine on the indissolubility of marriage.[12] When accused of opposing Pope Francis with that essay, he called the statement a "slander" and said he would rather be charged with taking a lover than harboring views not shared by the pope.[1] On 26 September 2015, Pope Francis appointed Caffarra to a five-year term as a member of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.[13] His resignation as archbishop was accepted on 27 October 2015.[14] In September 2016, Caffarra and three other cardinals publicly asked to Pope Francis to clarify five points of doctrine in the Pope's apostolic exhortation, Amoris laetitia. They issued this public letter after the Pope did not reply to the same query made privately.[15] In June 2017, Caffarra wrote on behalf of the four asking Francis for an audience to discuss their questions.[16] He said that varying interpretations were producing inconsistency: "What is sin in Poland is good in Germany, that what is prohibited in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia is permitted in Malta."[17] Caffarra died on 6 September 2017 after a long illness.[18] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|last1=Agasso Jr.|first1=Domenico|title=È morto Caffarra. Dichiarò: "Io contro il Papa? Preferirei si dicesse che ho un’amante"|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2017/09/06/vaticaninsider/ita/vaticano/morto-caffarra-arcivescovo-di-bologna-per-anni-hnEoHxfC12tEbVFoNznenN/pagina.html|accessdate=7 September 2017|work=La Stampa|date=6 September 2017}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite news| last1=Arocho Esteves|first1=Junno|title=Cardinal Caffarra, outspoken defender of marriage, family, dead at 79| url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/cardinal-caffarra-outspoken-defender-marriage-family-dead-79 |accessdate=7 September 2017| work=National Catholic Reporter|agency=Catholic News Service|date=6 September 2017}} 3. ^1 {{cite news|title=Successor Named Cardinal Biffi in Bologna|url=https://zenit.org/articles/successor-named-cardinal-biffi-in-bologna/|accessdate=7 September 2017|work=Zenit|date=16 December 2003}} 4. ^{{cite news | accessdate =23 November 2016 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/29/world/vatican-and-the-aids-fight-amid-worry-papal-reticence.html?pagewanted=2 | work = New York Times | title = Vatican and the AIDS Fight: Amid Worry, Papal Reticence | date = 29 January 1988 | first= Roberto | last = Suro}} 5. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/14/world/vatican-aids-meeting-hears-o-connor-assail-condom-use.html | title= Vatican AIDS Meeting Hears O'Connor Assail Condom Use | accessdate = 23 November 2016 | date = 14 November 1980 | work = New York Times | agency = Associated Press}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Roman Churches Assigned to New Cardinals |url=https://zenit.org/articles/roman-churches-assigned-to-new-cardinals/ |accessdate=7 September 2017|work=Zenit|date=24 March 2006}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=New Cardinals Get Curial Assignments|url=https://zenit.org/articles/new-cardinals-get-curial-assignments/|accessdate=7 September 2017|work=Zenit|date=7 May 2006}} 8. ^{{cite news|last1=Allen Jr.|first1=John L.|title=Tettamanzi and the challenge of being Catholic on the left|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/tettamanzi-and-challenge-being-catholic-left|accessdate=7 September 2017|work=National Catholic Reporter| date=21 October 2006}} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Allen Jr.|first1=John L.|title=Papal appointments have been moderates and pastors|url=https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/papal-appointments-have-been-moderates-and-pastors|accessdate=7 September 2017|work=National Catholic Reporter|date=3 November 2006}} 10. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2010/politicians-who-support-gay-marriage-are-not-catholic-says-cardinal.cfm | accessdate = 7 September 2017 | date = 16 February 2010 | first = Carol | last = Glatz | agency = Catholic News Service | title = Politicians who support gay marriage are not Catholic, says cardinal}} 11. ^{{cite news| work=Zenit| accessdate=8 September 2017| date= 12 March 2013| title= List of Cardinal Electors | url= https://zenit.org/articles/list-of-cardinal-electors/}} 12. ^{{cite news|last1=Rocca|first1=Francis X.|title=Doctrinal wars? Both sides fire over Communion for divorced, remarried|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/doctrinal-wars-both-sides-fire-over-communion-divorced-remarried| accessdate=7 September 2017|work=National Catholic Reporter|date=18 September 2014}} 13. ^{{cite news| work=Zenit | accessdate=8 September 2017| date= 26 September 2015 | title= Cardinals Caffarra, Burke Named to Congregation for Saints’ Causes | url = https://zenit.org/articles/cardinals-caffarra-burke-named-to-congregation-for-saints-causes/}} 14. ^{{cite news | accessdate = 27 October 2015 | date= 27 October 2014 | work = CRUX | url= http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2015/10/27/francis-pastoral-revolution-rolls-on-with-two-big-picks-in-italy/ | title = Francis' Pastoral Revolution rolls on with two big picks in Italy | first = John | last = Allen Jr. }} 15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/four-cardinals-formally-ask-pope-for-clarity-on-amoris-laetitia |work=National Catholic Register| accessdate=7 September 2017| first=Edward | last=Pentin | date= 14 November 2016 | title=Four Cardinals Formally Ask Pope for Clarity on 'Amoris Laetitia'}} 16. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.ncregister.com/blog/edward-pentin/dubia-cardinals-seek-papal-audience |title=Dubia Cardinals Seek Papal Audience | date= 19 June 2017| accessdate=7 September 2017|work=National Catholic Register| first=Edward | last=Pentin}} 17. ^{{cite news|last1=Pentin| first1=Edward| title=Full Text of Dubia Cardinals’ Letter Asking Pope for an Audience|url=http://www.ncregister.com/blog/edward-pentin/full-text-of-dubia-cardinals-letter-asking-pope-for-an-audience|accessdate=7 September 2017|work=National Catholic Register|date=19 June 2017}} 18. ^{{cite news | work = Catholic Herald | date = 6 September 2017 | accessdate = 6 September 2017 | url = http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2017/09/06/cardinal-caffarra-one-of-the-dubia-cardinals-has-died-aged-79/ | title = Cardinal Caffarra, one of the 'dubia' cardinals, has died aged 79 }} External links
12 : 1938 births|2017 deaths|People from Busseto|Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore alumni|Roman Catholic archbishops of Bologna|Italian cardinals|21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops|Pontifical Council for the Family|International Theological Commission|Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI|Pontifical Gregorian University alumni|Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George |
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