| 词条 | Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary |
| 释义 |
| name = Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary | alt_name = Santuario de la naturaleza Carlos Anwandter | iucn_category = | photo = | photo_alt = | photo_caption = | photo_width = | map = Chile |relief=1 | map_alt = | map_caption = Map of Chile | map_width = | location = Los Ríos Region, Chile | nearest_city = Valdivia | coordinates = {{coords|-39.704|-73.189|region:CL|notes=[1]|display=inline, title}} | area = {{Convert|4877|ha|abbr=on}} | established = 1981 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = | world_heritage_site = | url = | embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Carlos Anwandter Sanctuary | designation1_date = 27 July 1981 | designation1_number = 222[2]}} }} Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary (Spanish: Santuario de la naturaleza Carlos Anwandter) is protected wetland in Cruces River about {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=on}} north of Valdivia, Chile. The sanctuary is named after the German politician Carlos Anwandter who settled in Valdivia during the 1850s. The wetlands in the sanctuary are inhabited by many bird species including Black-necked Swans. Pollution controversyIn 2004, the Valdivia Pulp Mill was opened in San José de la Mariquina located {{convert|25|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast near Cruces River. The emblematic Black-necked Swans started at that time to die and migrate. Ecologists and people from the university UACh in Valdivia accused the forestry enterprise CELCO to being polluting the river. The pulp mill was forced to close while the case was investigated {{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Even in 2006, the Latin American water tribunal recommended to close down the mill [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927132601/http://www.sociedadcivil.cl/nuevodiario/sitio/informaciones/noticia.asp?Id=7887][https://web.archive.org/web/20070930020918/http://www.elmostrador.cl/modulos/noticias/constructor/noticia_new.asp?id_noticia=183876]. As of November 2008, the case against CELCO was still being debate in court. In the mean time, other hypotheses have been proposed to explain the dramatic decrease of the swan's population.[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218230439/http://ecosistemas.uchile.cl/cruces/] See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://protectedplanet.net/sites/Carlos_Anwandter_Sanctuary_Wetlands_Of_International_Importance_Ramsar |title=Carlos Anwandter Sanctuary Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar) |work=protectedplanet.net }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{LosRíos-geo-stub}}{{SouthAm-protected-area-stub}}2. ^{{Cite web|title=Carlos Anwandter Sanctuary|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/222|accessdate=25 April 2018}} 4 : Protected areas of Los Ríos Region|Ramsar sites in Chile|Sanctuaries|National reserves of Chile |
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