| 词条 | Broxburn |
| 释义 |
|country = Scotland |official_name= Broxburn |gaelic_name= Srath Bhroc |scots_name= |label_position= left |static_image_name= Union Canal, Broxburn - geograph.org.uk - 862710.jpg |static_image_caption= The Union Canal at Broxburn, looking west | population= 12,000 | population_ref= [1] (2001 census) est. 14,140[2] (2006) 15,440 (2016) |os_grid_reference= NT081722 |coordinates = {{coord|55.934|-3.471|display=inline,title}} |map_type= Scotland |unitary_scotland= West Lothian |lieutenancy_scotland= West Lothian |constituency_westminster= Livingston |constituency_scottish_parliament= Almond Valley |post_town= Broxburn |postcode_district = EH52 |postcode_area= EH |dial_code= 01506 Broxburn ({{lang-gd|Srath Bhroch}}) is a town in West Lothian, Scotland located {{convert|12|mi|km}} west of Edinburgh on the A8 road, {{convert|5|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} from Edinburgh Airport, and to the north of Livingston. EtymologyThe name Broxburn is a corruption of "brock's burn", brock being an old name for a badger and burn being a Scots word for a stream. The village was earlier known as Easter Strathbrock (Uphall was Wester Strathbrock).[3] HistoryThe village that later became Broxburn probably originated around 1350 when Margery le Cheyne inherited the eastern half of the Barony of Strathbrock (Easter Strathbrock) on the death of her father, Sir Reginald le Cheyne III. The hamlet that grew up around her residence was then called Eastertoun (eastern town) after the land on which it stood. The lands of Strathbrock were earlier owned by Freskin the Fleming, granted to him under a charter from King David I. Easter Island was burned to the ground sometime in 1443-4 during a conflict between William, Earl of Douglas, Lieutenant-General of Scotland, and William, Lord Crichton, Chancellor of Scotland. It was destroyed again in 1455 during fighting between the Douglases and King James II. After the conflict, peace was regained and the town was gradually resettled. The village was renamed Broxburn in 1600 by Sir Richard Cockburn of Clerkington, Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland, almost certainly after Broxburn, East Lothian. IndustryPastBroxburn remained an agricultural community until the development of the oil shale industry in the area during the second half of the nineteenth century. This brought in a rapid influx of workers, greatly expanding the local population. Broxburn is still known for its association with the industry, pioneered by the inventor and industrialist James Young. Many shale spoil tips, known as bings, are still in evidence around the town. PresentBroxburn now has two separate industrial areas, the Greendykes Industrial Estate and the East Mains Industrial Estate, which provide employment for local people. The largest employers are Campbells Prime Meat Limited, Glenmorangie and Broxburn Bottlers Limited (part of Ian Macleod Distillers Ltd). LeisureThe Union Canal passes through Broxburn. It no longer operates as a transport link, but is now used for fishing and some leisure boating. It has a towpath previously used by the horses which drew canal barges and which is now used as a footpath. Landmarks{{Empty section|date=January 2019}}The Shale BingsThe 3 Broxburn Bings (Greendikes Bing, Albion Oil Works Bing and Hopetoun Bing) reside on the north east of Broxburn starting from behind the East Mains Industrial estate. The nearby Niddry Bing resides near the village of Winchburgh.The largest of the three Bings is the Greendykes Bing which when scaled provides excellent views of the whole area. The Bings where created by large piles of spoil from the shale mines being dumped on top of each over to form the Bings. Local daredevils often ride their Dirt bikes around the tops of the Bings as well for fun. Notable residents{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2018}}
EducationBroxburn has four schools, all state funded, Broxburn Primary, Kirkhill Primary, St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Primary and Broxburn Academy. Sports and healthBroxburn is home to the junior football club Broxburn Athletic. There are sports and health facilities publicly available, including a sports centre, library, swimming pool and bowling clubs. A motorcycle dirt track was built at The Sports Park in 1928 and a few demonstration events were staged to show off the new sport to football fans. Due to Broxburn's proximity to Edinburgh it was not licensed. Another demonstration event at motorcycle club event in 1929 ended after both riders crashed. AdministrationBroxburn lies in the Livingston constituency of the British Parliament and the Broxburn, Uphall and Winchburgh ward of West Lothian Council. Broxburn is in the Almond Valley constituency of the Scottish Parliament. It is part of West Lothian Council 2nd ward which also includes the nearby villages of Uphall and Winchburgh TransportBroxburn has regular links to Edinburgh, Livingston, Linlithgow and Edinburgh Airport. Operators serving the town include, First & E&M Horsburgh. The nearest railway station is at Uphall providing links to Edinburgh, Livingston, Bathgate, Airdrie and Glasgow. Hospitals and churchesThe local hospital is St. John's Hospital at Howden in Livingston. Broxburn has its own health centre at the Strathbrock Partnership Centre. It has five churches, Broxburn Baptist Church, Broxburn Catholic Church, Broxburn Parish Church, Grace Community Church and St Nicholas United Free Church of Scotland. There are also some other religious groups active in the town, including Jehovah's Witnesses and several evangelical Christian organisations. BibliographyCanule, Canule, Birnin Bricht— by David Kerr, 2005Discovering West Lothian by William F. Hendrie, John Donald Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh, 1986 A History of Broxburn by Peter Caldwell Strathbrock Area Guide prepared and published by Uphall Community Council with assistance from Broxburn Community Council and Ecclesmachan & Threemiletown Community Council References1. ^{{cite web|publisher=Scotland's Census Results Online|title=Comparative Population Profile: Broxburn Locality|url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainArea=broxburn&mainLevel=Locality|date=2001-04-29|accessdate=2008-09-01|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212903/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainArea=broxburn&mainLevel=Locality|archivedate=2007-09-27|df=}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-08-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916182939/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data |archivedate=2009-09-16 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite book|first=Iain|last=Taylor|title=Place-names of Scotland|date=2011|publisher=Birlinn Ltd.|location=Edinburgh}} External links{{commonscat|Broxburn, West Lothian}}
2 : Towns in West Lothian|Broxburn, West Lothian |
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