“Casimir Lewy”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Casimir Lewy ({{lang-pl|Kazimierz Lewy}}; 26 February 1919 in Warsaw – 8 February 1991 in Cambridge) was a Polish philosopher of Jewish descent. He worked in philosophical logic but published scantly. According to Ian Hacking, "He had early acquired the conviction that one should publish only when one got something absolutely right, so he left very little in print."^[1] He was an influential teacher; several of his students went on to be prominent philosophers, including Simon Blackburn, Edward Craig, Ian Hacking, Roger Scruton, and Crispin Wright.

Life

His father, Ludwig Lewy, was a doctor and died in 1919 when he was an infant, so he grew up with his mother Izabela's family. After nine years at the Mikolaj Rej school in Warsaw, he travelled to the UK in 1936 with the intention of improving his English. He was admitted to the University of Cambridge that year to read Philosophy, supervised by John Wisdom, and graduated in 1939 aged twenty with first class honours. He had already published four short articles in the journal Analysis.^[2] A doctoral pupil of G. E. Moore to 1943, he attended lectures by Ludwig Wittgenstein from the late 1930s until 1945.^[3] He received his PhD from Cambridge in 1943, with a thesis entitled Some philosophical considerations concerning the survival of death. During this period, the international situation, as well as the political situation in Poland was rapidly deteriorating. Lewy spent most of the Long Vacation of 1938 in Poland, returning to Cambridge just before the Munich crisis. But it was not until Germany invaded Poland in 1939 that he realized he would not be able to return to his native country. Most of his relatives perished in the Holocaust.

Remaining in the UK, he taught at the University of Liverpool, and then from 1952 at Cambridge as a University Lecturer. He also helped Moore as an assistant editor of the journal Mind while Moore was lecturing in the United States, and he participated in meetings of the Moral Sciences Club. He taught at the Faculty of Moral Science in Cambridge in the years 1943–45. He was a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge from 1958. He became a Fellow of the British Academy in 1980. In a 2009 interview with Alan Macfarlane, Cambridge philosopher Simon Blackburn said of Lewy "At Cambridge the great influence on all of us in Trinity was Casimir Lewy; he was a Polish Jew who had left Germany just in time before the Second World War. He lost either all or nearly all of his family; he was a charismatic teacher with an enormous influence on a whole generation of philosophy students in Trinity—Ian Hacking, Edward Craig and myself, Crispin Wright—many of us became academics.".^[4] A Festschrift, Exercises in Analysis by Students of Casimir Lewy^[5] shows his influence on many Cambridge philosophers that he taught.

The Casimir Lewy Library of the Philosophy Faculty at the University of Cambridge is named after him.^[6]

See also

Notes

1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hacking|first1=Ian|title=Casimir Lewy 1919-1991|journal=Proceedings of the British Academy|date=2006|volume=138|pages=170–77|url=http://www.ianhacking.com/lewy.html|accessdate=22 December 2015}}
2. ^{{cite web|last1=Holdcroft|first1=David|title=Lewy, Casimir (1919–1991)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/49873|website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press, 2004|accessdate=22 December 2015}}
3. ^P. M. S. Hacker, Wittgenstein's Place in Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy (1996), pp. 77 and 138.
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.phil.cam.ac.uk/library/lewy|title=Faculty of Philosophy: Casimir Lewy Library |accessdate=2012-04-14}}
5. ^{{cite book|last1=Hacking|first1=Ian|title=Exercises in Analysis: Essays by Students of Casimir Lewy|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0521109655}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.phil.cam.ac.uk/library|title=Faculty of Philosophy: Casimir Lewy Library |accessdate=2014-01-07}}