| 词条 | Caspian red deer |
| 释义 |
| name = Caspian red deer | image = Caspian Red Deer (Maral) in Arasbaran forest.jpg | genus = Cervus | species = elaphus | species_link = Red deer | subspecies = maral | authority = Gray, 1850 }} The Caspian red deer (Cervus elaphus maral), is one of the easternmost subspecies of red deer that is native to areas between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea such as Crimea, Asia Minor, the Caucasus Mountains region bordering Europe and Asia, and along the Caspian Sea region in Iran.[1] The Caspian red deer is sometimes referred to as maral, noble deer, or eastern red deer.[2][3] ClassificationThe Caspian red deer is a subspecies of the red deer. DescriptionThe Caspian red deer is around {{convert|4|ft|6|in}} tall, and can weigh {{convert|500|to|700|lbs}}. Their antlers are around {{convert|4|ft}} in length, and {{convert|6|in}} in girth.[3] Its coat is dark gray, except in the summer, when it is a dark brown. They shed their antlers in late winter and their new antlers reach full growth in late summer. One, occasionally two, fawns are born in mid-spring. The fawns are reddish brown with white spots.[4] Ecology and behaviourThe Caspian red deer is a social and primarily nocturnal animal. It eats a variety of grasses and leaves and occasionally berries and mushrooms.[4] DomesticationThe Caspian red deer has been domesticated recently.[2] ThreatsWithin Russia, the Caspian red deer has been hunted for velvet antlers since the 1930s.[5] Historically, demand for velvet antlers from Asia was met by organized deer farms in the Soviet Union.[6] Hunting by humans have been noted as the cause for decreases in population. The approximate number of Caspian red deer in eastern Georgia dropped from 2,500 in 1985 to 880 in 1994.[7] Their primary predators include leopards and to a lesser extent, wolves and brown bears.[4] In the past they were also hunted by the now extinct Caspian tiger. References1. ^{{cite book|author1=Henry Charles Howard Suffolk and Berkshire (Earl of)|author2=Hedley Peek|author3=Frederick George Aflalo|title=The Encyclopaedia of sport & games|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zmM-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA76|year=1911|publisher=J.B. Lippincott company|page=76}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences: 3-volume set|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vL9dAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA194|date=22 July 2014|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-384734-8|page=194}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Henry Charles Howard Suffolk and Berkshire (Earl of)|author2=Hedley Peek|author3=Frederick George Aflalo|title=The Encyclopaedia of sport & games|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpouAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA262|year=1911|publisher=W. Heinemann|page=262}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Eskandar Firouz|title=The Complete Fauna of Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2EZCScFXloC&pg=PA83|date=14 October 2005|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-85043-946-2|page=83}} 5. ^{{cite book|author1=Jörg Gertel|author2=Richard B. Le Heron|title=Economic Spaces of Pastoral Production and Commodity Systems: Markets and Livelihoods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIjbdf-Um_MC&pg=PA232|year=2011|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-2531-1|page=232}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Alison Davidson|title=Velvet Antler: Nature's Superior Tonic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1C6E1Hra4oC&pg=PA13|date=1 August 2000|publisher=SAFE GOODS/New Century Publishing 2000|isbn=978-0-9701110-0-5|page=13}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Tim Burford|title=Georgia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRXGB7SJjVQC&pg=PA10|year=2011|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-357-3|page=10}} External links{{commons cat|Cervus elaphus maral}}
2 : Elk and red deer|Mammals described in 1850 |
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