| 词条 | Castle Bytham | ||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Castle Bytham |country = England |region = East Midlands |static_image_name = Castle Bytham village pump.jpg |static_image_caption = Castle Bytham village pond |population = 768 |population_ref = (2011 census) |os_grid_reference = SK989185 |coordinates = {{coord|52.75593|-0.53559|display=inline,title}} |post_town = GRANTHAM |postcode_area = NG |postcode_district = NG33 |dial_code = 01780 |civil_parish = Castle Bytham[1] |shire_district = South Kesteven |shire_county = Lincolnshire |constituency_westminster = Grantham and Stamford |london_distance_mi = 90 |london_direction = S }} __NOTOC__ Castle Bytham is a village and civil parish of around 300 houses in South Kesteven, Lincolnshire, England. The population was measured at 768 in 317 households at the 2011 census.[2]At one time the village was an important commercial centre for the surrounding agricultural communities, but it is now largely a dormitory, although a number of farming families remain with a much reduced workforce.[3] HistoryThe name 'Bytham' is first recorded in 1067 (as a monastery that rapidly translated to Vaudey Abbey), and comes from the Old English word bythme meaning Valley bottom, broad valley.[4] In the Domesday survey of 1086 the village was known as West Bytham[5] as the castle had yet to be built. People have named the river that runs through the village the Tham or Am as a back-formation from the village name.{{citation needed|date=April 2011}} Morkery Wood housed a former bomb dump during the Second World War for the nearby airfields. In the early hours of 19 November 1942 Handley Page Halifax BB209 NP-G[6] of 158 Sqn, from RAF Rufforth in North Yorkshire, crashed near Stocken Hall Farm (in the wood). It had been hit by flak south-east of Paris coming back from a raid on Turin, Italy.[7] Half the aircrew were in the RCAF. CastleOverlooking the village is an 11th-century Norman castle mound.[8] The site of the castle in Saxon times was owned by Morcar, also known as Morkere, who was the brother of Ealdgyth, wife of King Harold. His grandson married Lady Godiva. The castle, which gave its name to the village, was built soon after the Norman conquest and was given by the Conqueror to his half brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent;[9] it was later owned by William le Gros, 1st Earl of Albemarle,{{citation needed|date=June 2011}} and was burnt in the 15th century during the Wars of the Roses.[9] In 1221, after a siege, the castle was destroyed by Henry III with the help of Hugh de Mortimer and William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey. It had been defended by William de Forz, 3rd Earl of Albemarle aided by William d'Aubigny, Sir Richard Siward, and Henry de Hastings.{{citation needed|date=June 2011}} In the 16th century John Leland described remnants of the castle: "yet remained great walls of buildings".[9] GeographyThe nearest town is Stamford (even though Castle Bytham is in the Grantham postal area, with a Nottingham postcode). It is at the apex of the NG (Grantham), LE (Rutland) and PE (Stamford) postcodes. The village is very close to the Rutland boundary. The civil parish extends much to the north-west of the village, up to [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/121743 Woolley's Lane], including [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/121724 Red Barn Quarry], owned by Bullimores. It also extends westwards to include all of Morkery Wood (originally named Morkerhaw - named after the Saxon earl Morcar mentioned above).[10] South of the A1 interchange to Woolley's Lane, the parish boundary is with North Witham, including Park House Farm. The eastern buildings of Stocken Hall Farm lie in the parish (with an LE15 postcode), with the rest in Stretton. To the east, Little Haw Wood is also in the parish. Southwards, the civil parish extends to (and includes) Pillowsyke Holt, a piece of [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/363150 woodland] near Holywell. Eastwards, the parish extends for about half a mile, where it includes the 30 acre Lawn Wood[11] which has been a nature reserve since 1995, joining two neighbouring meadows that were donated to Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust in 1993. The meadows are a good site for buttercups and yellow rattle, and are managed to encourage butterflies, including the ringlet, and the meadow brown. The wood is mainly oak and ash, but includes field maple, midland hawthorn and the uncommon wild service tree; woodland flora such as wood anemone, woodruff and early purple orchid also found there. Fallow deer and red deer are frequently seen in the reserve.[11] Surrounding areaAbout {{convert|1|mi|km|0}} to the east lies Little Bytham. The two villages used to be called West and East Bytham.[3] To the west, on the western side of the A1 road, is South Witham near the source of the River Witham. The village's vicar, and that of the Bythams Group, is also the wife of the vicar of South Witham. Between the village and the A1 the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust maintains an important wildlife reserve at Tortoiseshell Wood[12] (which borders on to the west of the civil parish) and some of the road verges are protected for wildlife by Lincolnshire County Council. Tortoiseshell Wood is in the parish of North Witham, although the edge lies on the parish boundary. West of the village, towards Clipsham, is a Yew Tree Avenue maintained by the Forestry Commission, the trees cut into large topiary forms. CommunityThe Ecclesiastical parish is part of the Castle Bytham with Creeton group of the Deanery of Beltisloe. The incumbent is Revd S M Evans.[13][14][15] Castle Bytham's community supports several events each year in the village hall. Every year Castle Bytham holds a midsummer fair and street market, with stalls, a duck grand prix, dog show, funfair, children's games, beer tents and barbecues. The fair has raised over £40,000 for local causes including a Christmas lunch for pensioners and a children's party, and village infrastructure improvements.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} Efforts are currently being made{{by whom|date=June 2011}} to improve the village recreation ground for the benefit of local young people and a 2010 Parish Plan suggested wider improvements.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} The former RAF Coningsby station commander (1974-60) and Commandant of the Central Flying School (1979–83) lives in the village,{{who|date=June 2011}} and a former resident on Glen Road was Harold Wilson's press secretary, Sir Trevor Lloyd-Hughes.[16][17] There is a village shop on Pinfold Road. Castle Bytham Post Office[18] was closed in 2008 despite local opposition. It had served Creeton, Swinstead, Swayfield, Little Bytham and Clipsham, and other nearby small villages – it has now been replaced by a mobile 'outreach' service.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} There are two remaining public houses in the village: the [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1277263 Fox & Hounds] and the Castle Inn. The New Inn on Station Road was converted to housing in the 1960s.[3] Former railway stationThe village had a railway station on the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway, the remains of which can still be seen. This railway station was rather unusual, being a single platform in a deep cutting through the village. The railway station was not originally planned by the railway, but was added after considerable local lobbying.[19][20] It remained open, as did the goods yard on the other side of the road, until the line closed in 1959.[3][20][21][22] West of the village the line of the railway now forms a road crossing under the A1. Places of worshipThe church, started in the 12th century, and restored in 1900, is dedicated to St James[23] and is one of a group of parishes in the rural deanery of Beltisloe. It contains an unusual memento of the English Restoration: a ladder, formerly used in the tower, with a carved inscription which reads "THIS WARE THE MAY POVL 1660"[9] (see photograph), suggesting that May celebrations were held in the village (as they were throughout the country) to mark the return to the throne of King Charles II.[13] There was at one time a Methodist chapel in High Street (now a private house), served by visiting ministers from Stamford.[24] On its closure in 1972 the Methodist Circuit still sent a preacher to the village for a few years, service taking place in the parish church.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} Publications
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk/CastleBytham/ |title=Civil Parish details|publisher=Lincolnshire county council}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11121685&c=castle+bytham+cp&d=16&e=62&g=6447470&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1461580581906&enc=1|title=Civil parish population 2011|accessdate=25 April 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.southkesteven.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=3799&p=0|title=SKDC conservation area report}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Oxford Dictionary of British place-names |isbn=978-0-19-852758-9|publisher=Oxford University Press |last=Mills|first=A.D. |page=90}} 5. ^Wild, John, (1871); The History of Castle Bytham: Its Ancient Fortress and Manor p. 3; BiblioBazaar (2008) {{ISBN|0-554-79494-2}} / Nabu Press (2010) {{ISBN|978-1-147-70286-6}} 6. ^1942 Handley-Page Halifax crash 7. ^Lost Bombers 8. ^{{cite PastScape|mname=The Castle|mnumber=325283|accessdate=18 August 2009}} 9. ^1 2 3 Cox, J. Charles (1916); Lincolnshire, Methuen & Co. Ltd., p.96 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-1045-1/dissemination/pdf/1877_MorkeryWood_Castle.pdf |title=Forest Enterprise Woodlands in Lincolnshire - Morkery Wood - Archaeological Survey (APS Report No 65/01) |first=Paul |last=Cope-Faulkner| publisher=Archaeological Project Services |date=October 2001 |accessdate=8 June 2012}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|title=Lincolnshire wildlife trust - Lawn Wood |url=http://www.lincstrust.org.uk/reserves/nr/reserve.php?mapref=102 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525094050/http://lincstrust.org.uk/reserves/nr/reserve.php?mapref=102 |archivedate=25 May 2010 |df= }} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Lincolnshire wildlife trust - Tortoiseshell wood |url=http://www.lincstrust.org.uk/reserves/nr/reserve.php?mapref=57 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111131731/http://www.lincstrust.org.uk/reserves/nr/reserve.php?mapref=57 |archivedate=11 November 2007 |df= }} 13. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.castlebytham.com/index.php|title=Welcome to Castle Bytham}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thebythams.org.uk/|title=TheBythams.org.uk }} community web site 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lincoln.anglican.org/search_parishes.php?14017000 |title=Eclessiastical parish details |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053518/http://www.lincoln.anglican.org/search_parishes.php?14017000 |archivedate=21 September 2013 |df= }} 16. ^Stamford Mercury 17. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/7294307/Sir-Trevor-Lloyd-Hughes.html Sir Trevor Lloyd-Hughes] 18. ^[https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/269753 Castle Bytham Post Office] geograph.org.uk 19. ^{{cite book|title=Building a Railway: Bourne to Saxby|editor1-first=Stewart|editor1-last=Squires|editor2-first=Ken|editor2-last= Hollamby|publisher=Lincoln Record Society|year=2009|isbn=978-0-901503-86-2}} 20. ^1 {{cite book|title=Branch lines around Spalding: M&GN Saxby to Long Sutton|last=Back|first=Michael|publisher=Middleton Press| year=2009}} 21. ^{{cite book|title=British Railways Past and Present - 27 Lincolnshire|first=Roger |last=Hill |first2= Carey|last2= Vessey|publisher=Past & Present Publishing|year= 1995}} 22. ^{{cite PastScape|mnumber=506989 |mname=The railway station|accessdate=27 January 2011}} 23. ^{{cite PastScape|mnumber=325286|mname=St James' church|accessdate=16 March 2013}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://stamfordrutlandmethodists.org.uk/Circuit%20history.htm|title=Methodist circuit's own history}} External links{{Commons category-inline|Castle Bytham}}
4 : Villages in Lincolnshire|Civil parishes in Lincolnshire|Nature reserves in Lincolnshire|South Kesteven District |
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