| 词条 | Catherine II, Latin Empress |
| 释义 |
| type = majesty | title = Princess consort of Taranto, Princess consort of Achaea and Queen consort of Albania | image = Catherine of Courtenay.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Catherine II, Latin Empress | spouse =Philip I of Taranto | issue =Robert Louis Philip II Margaret, Duchess of Andria | house = House of Valois | father =Charles, count of Valois | mother =Catherine I | birth_date = Before 15 April 1303 | birth_place = | death_date = October 1346 | death_place = Naples | place of burial = | religion = | signature = |succession=Latin Empress |reign=11 October 1307 - October 1347 |predecessor=Catherine I |successor=Philip III }}{{redirect|Catherine of Taranto|the daughter of Raimondo del Balzo Orsini|Catherine of Taranto, Countess of Copertino}} Catherine II, also Catherine of Valois or Catherine of Taranto (before 15 April 1303 – October 1346), was the recognised Latin Empress of Constantinople from 1307–1346, although she lived in exile and only had authority over Crusader States in Greece. She was Princess consort of Achaea and Taranto, and also regent of Achaea from 1332–1341, and Governor of Cephalonia from 1341–1346. LifeShe was born in 1303, sometime before 15 April, the eldest daughter of Charles, count of Valois, and Catherine I.[1] Her mother was recognized as Empress of the Latin Empire of Constantinople by the Latin states in Greece, despite the city having been captured by the Empire of Nicaea in 1261. Catherine inherited her claims as the titular Empress on 11 October 1307.[2] She was still a child and remained in the custody of her father, who managed her claims to the empire until his death in 1325. An early betrothal to Hugh of Burgundy, made on 15 April 1303 when she was an infant, was renounced in 1312.[3] NaplesIn July 1313, Catherine married Philip I of Taranto, King of Albania and Prince of Achaea, who was the younger brother of Robert, King of Naples.[4] She associated her husband as titular Emperor (Philip II), and retained the claim to the empire after his death on 23 December 1332. Robert, his eldest surviving son, succeeded him as Prince of Taranto in 1331. Catherine became influential at the court of Naples. Her court was more worldly than the pious court of King Robert and his pious wife, Sancha of Majorca. During the reign of her niece, Joanna I of Naples, she opposed the marriage of Joan's younger sister, Maria of Calabria, to Charles, Duke of Durazzo. This was because Maria was heir presumptive to the throne of Naples, and the Durazzos were rivals to her own family. She and her family were compensated with a cash settlement from the royal treasury. AchaeaIn 1333, her son Robert received the Principality of Achaea through an agreement with his uncle, John of Gravina.[5] However, the thirteen-year-old boy was deemed too young to reign alone, and his mother became his co-ruler for the rest of her life. Initially ruling through appointed baillis, in summer 1338 Catherine mustered a fleet and took her whole household to Achaea, where she took an active part in its government. She gave refuge to Nikephoros II Orsini of Epirus, and supported him in his attempt to assert himself in his land against the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos. Final YearsHer presence in Achaea was no longer needed by the time Robert reached adulthood in 1341. She became Governor of Cephalonia and spent the last five years of her life in this responsibility. After the murder of Joan's husband, Andrew of Hungary, Joan sought a new husband amongst her Taranto cousins. Catherine supported her younger son, Louis of Taranto, against her older son, Robert. She sheltered Charles of Artois, a bastard son of Robert the Wise, and his son Bertrand, who were both suspected of complicity. When asked to give them up, she refused and stated she would punish them herself if they were guilty. She died in Naples in October 1346.[6] Queen Joan organized her funeral at the church of San Domenico. IssueBy Philip I of Taranto, Catherine II had four children:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Catherine of Valois |2= 2. Charles, Count of Valois |3= 3. Catherine of Courtenay |4= 4. Philip III of France |5= 5. Isabella of Aragon |6= 6. Philip of Courtenay |7= 7. Beatrice of Sicily |8= 8. Louis IX of France |9= 9. Marguerite of Provence |10= 10. James I of Aragon |11= 11. Violant of Hungary |12= 12. Baldwin II of Constantinople |13= 13. Marie of Brienne |14= 14. Charles I of Naples |15= 15. Beatrice of Provence |16= 16. Louis VIII of France |17= 17. Blanche of Castile |18= 18. Ramon Berenguer IV of Provence |19= 19. Beatrice of Savoy |20= 20. Peter II of Aragon |21= 21. Marie of Montpellier |22= 22. Andrew II of Hungary |23= 23. Yolanda de Courtenay |24= 24. Peter II of Courtenay |25= 25. Yolanda of Flanders |26= 26. John of Brienne |27= 27. Berengaria of León |28= 28. Louis VIII of France (=16) |29= 29. Blanche of Castile (=17) |30= 30. Ramon Berenguer IV of Provence (=18) |31= 31. Beatrice of Savoy (=19) }} Notes1. ^Jackson-Laufer, 83-84. 2. ^A History of the Crusades: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, 46. 3. ^A History of the Crusades: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, 109. 4. ^Jackson-Laufer, 83-84. 5. ^A History of the Crusades: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, 124. 6. ^A History of the Crusades: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, 672. 7. ^Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011. pg 401. References
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10 : 1303 births|1346 deaths|14th-century Latin Emperors of Constantinople|House of Valois|House of Anjou-Taranto|Latin Emperors of Constantinople|Princesses of Taranto|14th-century women rulers|14th-century French people|14th-century French women |
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