词条 | Catholic Church in Albania | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
The Catholic Church in Albania is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. According to some sources around 16-17% of the population of Albania were Catholic,[1][2] but in the 2011 census the percentage of Catholics was 10.03%.[3] Catholicism is strongest in the northwestern part of the country, which historically had the most readily available contact with, and support from, Rome and the Republic of Venice. Shkodër is the center of Catholicism in Albania. More than 20,000 Albanian Catholics are located in Montenegro, mostly in Ulcinj, Bar, Podgorica, Tuzi, Gusinje and Plav. The region is considered part of the Malsia Highlander region of the seven Albanian Catholic tribes. The region was split from Ottoman Albania after the First Balkan War. There are also scattered Albanian Catholics in Kosovo and Macedonia, with the greatest concentration being in the vicinity of Gjakova. There are five dioceses in the country, including two archdioceses plus an Apostolic Administration covering southern Albania. HistoryFor four centuries, the Albanian Catholics have defended their faith with the aid of:
The Church legislation of the Albanians was reformed by Pope Clement XI, effecting a general ecclesiastical visitation (1763) by the Archbishop of Antivari, at the close of which a national synod was held. Its decrees were printed by Propaganda (1705), and renewed in 1803.[5] In 1872, Pius IX caused a second national synod to be held at Scutari, for the renovation of the popular and ecclesiastical life. OrganizationThe country is currently split into two Ecclesiastical provinces each headed by Archbishops – Shkodër-Pult in the north and Tiranë-Durrës in the centre and south. Shkodrë-Pult has two suffragan Diocese for Lezhë and Sapë. Tiranë-Durrës has one suffragan Diocese for Rrëshen as well as metropolitan authority over the Byzantine Rite Apostolic Administration of Southern Albania, also known as the Albanian Greek-Catholic Church.[6]
The first known Bishop of present-day Albania was Bassus, who was made Bishop of Scutari (Shkodër) in 387, suffragan to the Bishop of Thessaloniki, Primate of all Illyricum. In the 6th century, Shkodër became a suffrage of Ohrid, in the present-day Republic of Macedonia, which was made the Primate of all Illyricum, and by the early Middle Ages, Shkodër was suffrage of the Bishop of Duklja, in present-day Montenegro. In 1867 Shkodër was united with the Archdiocese of Antivari (Bar, Montenegro), but split in 1886, to become a separate Archdiocese once again with suffragan bishops in Lezhë, Sapë and Pult. The Diocese of Pult (Pulati) – a region north of Shkodër between the present day villages of Drisht and Prekal – dates back to 899, when a Bishop of Pult was appointed as a suffragan to the Bishop of Duklja. The Diocese was once divided into Greater Pult and Lesser Pult but eventually merged with Shkodër in 2005. Drisht, a village north of Shkodër, also used to be a separate Bishopric. The Diocese of Sapë (Sappa) – covering the region of Zadrima between Shkodër and Lezhë – dates back to 1062, and that of Lezhë (Alessio) to the 14th century.[6] The Archdiocese of Durrës was created in the 13th century, as the Bishopric of Albanopolis. It united with Tirana in 1992. The Diocese of Rrëshen was split off in 1996. The Apostolic Administration of Southern Albania was created in 1939. Other former ancient Diocese in Albania were Dinnastrum and Balazum.[7][8] The Mirdite tribeThe Mirdite tribe is the only tribe where the Albanian language and religion is still the same as centuries before. The oldest families (which are brothers in the same time) are: Oroshi, Kushneni and Spaqi. Fandi and Dibri family were hosted by the Mirdite (they came from southern Kosovo) later when those two tribes didn't want to obey the rules of the Ottoman Empire, thus the perfect place for this was Mirdite. The Congress of Berlin and Albanian resistanceThe revival of the national aspirations of Albania dates from the Congress of Berlin (1878), when Austria, in order to compensate Serbia and Montenegro for her retention of Bosnia and Herzegovina, thought to divide the land of Albania between them. The Turks secretly fostered the opposition of both Muslims and Catholics, and the Albanian League was formed "for the maintenance of the country's integrity and the reconstitution of its independence". The territories allotted to Serbia were already occupied by her troops when resistance broke forth, and the idea of dislodging them had to be abandoned; but Montenegro was unable to obtain possession of her share, the rich districts of Gusinje and Plav. The Albanians, undaunted by the unexpected opposition of their former allies, the Turks, now forced by Russia {{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} to assist Montenegro, stood against all their enemies with a determination that baffled and dismayed Europe. Mehemet Ali was routed, his house at Đakovica burned down, and he himself massacred. The Albanians had much to avenge. They had not yet forgotten the war of a century before when their women flung themselves by hundreds over the roads near Yamina to escape Ali Pasha's soldiers. The Turks finally relinquished their efforts to quell the movement they had themselves helped to bring about, and Montenegro had to content itself with the barren tracts of the Bojana and the port of Ulcinj. She could not have aspired even to these had not Russia favored the cession of Albanian-inhabited lands to its client state Serbia, which shared with Russia common bonds of Orthodoxy and Slavic culture. DemographicsAccording to the 2011 Albanian census, 10.03% of the population affiliated with Catholicism, while 56.7% were Muslims, 13.79% undeclared, 6.75% Orthodox believers, 5.49% other, 2.5% Atheists, 2.09% Bektashis and 0.14% other Christians.[9] No clear statistics of any Turkish empire province has been assimilated. What is known though is that before the independence of Albania from Turkey, when the country had 1,500,000 inhabitants, the population's religious percentages were: 65% Muslim, 25% Albanian Orthodox Christian, and 10% Catholic. The CIA World Factbook uses the figures from the 1939 Census of 70% Muslim, 20% Eastern Orthodox Christian, and 10% Catholic.[10] Nonetheless, Catholic sources cite that statistics have changed significantly to this: 38.8% Muslim, 35.4% Christian (16.8% Catholic, 16.1% Orthodox Christian, 0.6% Protestant, 0.6% Independent), 16.6% Non-religious (9.0% Atheist), 0.2% Baha'i.[1][2][11][12] The Catholic Church claims 525,000 members in a population of 3 million according to its count by diocese. Geographical distributionAs of 2011, Catholics constitute about 10.03% of the Albanian population. They form a majority in Lezhë County (72.38%) and the largest religious group in Shkodër County (47.19%).
GallerySee also
Sources
The documents of the medieval religious history of Albania are best found in the eight volumes of Daniele Farlati, Illyricum Sacrum (Venice, 1751–1819). See also Augustin Theiner, Vetera Monumenta Slavorum meridionalium historiam illustrantia (Rome, 1863 sqq.). Ecclesiastical statistics may be seen in O. Werner, Orbis Terrarum Catholicus (Freiburg, 1890), 122-124, and 120; also in the Missiones Catholicæ (Rome, Propaganda Press, triennially). References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/nationprofiles/Albania/rbodies.html |title=Religious Freedom Page |publisher=Religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu |date= |accessdate=2013-04-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530212303/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/nationprofiles/Albania/rbodies.html |archivedate=30 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }} {{Catholic Encyclopedia |wstitle=Albania |volume=1 |first=Elizabeth |last=Christitch}}{{Catholicism in Europe|state=collapsed}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Albania}}2. ^1 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510072227/http://www.consolatoalbanesemilano.org/lalbania_oggi.html |date=10 May 2008 }} 3. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.instat.gov.al/media/177354/main_results__population_and_housing_census_2011.pdf# |title=Albanian census 2011 |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114073838/http://www.instat.gov.al/media/177354/main_results__population_and_housing_census_2011.pdf# |archive-date=14 November 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^Neber, in K. L., XI, 18, 19 5. ^Coll. Lucensis Conc. Recent., I, 283 sq 6. ^1 Catholic Church in Albania, Catholic Hierarchy, accessed on 2008-06-14 7. ^Archdiocese of Scutari {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091740/http://www.shkoder.net/en/dioqeza.htm# |date=17 May 2008 }}, Catholic Encyclopedia via Shkoder.net, accessed on 2008-06-15 8. ^Initiative for Making the Passage, Albanian History.net, accessed on 2008-06-15 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501121945/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts/AH1332.html |date=1 May 2008 }} 9. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.instat.gov.al/media/177354/main_results__population_and_housing_census_2011.pdf# |title=Albanian census 2011 |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114073838/http://www.instat.gov.al/media/177354/main_results__population_and_housing_census_2011.pdf# |archive-date=14 November 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/al.html|title=Europe :: Albania — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=2019-02-26}} 11. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407192916/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=103 |date=7 April 2008 }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_atheist.html |title=Atheist Statistics | Agnostic |publisher=Adherents.com |date= |accessdate=2013-04-22}} 13. ^ 1 : Catholic Church in Albania |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。