| 词条 | Caudill Rowlett Scott |
| 释义 |
|name= Caudill Rowlett Scott (CRS) |logo= |image=CRS buidling in Houston.jpeg |image_caption=CRS building, called the "White House", in Houston, Texas |type=Architecture firm |fate=Acquired by HOK | successor = CRSS or CRS-Sirrine |key_people= {{plain list|
}} |industry= |products= | services = Architectural design, specializing in schools, commercial buildings, and skyscrapers |revenue= |operating_income= |net_income= |num_employees= | former_name = |founded=1946 |defunct = {{end date|1994}} |location=Houston, Texas, United States |homepage= }} Caudill Rowlett Scott (CRS) was an architecture firm founded in Houston, Texas, the United States in 1946. In 1983, J.E. Sirrine, an industrial engineering firm, merged with the company and the company's name was changed to CRSS, popularly known as CRS-Sirrine. It divested itself in 1994. HistoryThe firm was started in 1946 by Texas A&M University professors William Wayne Caudill and John Miles Rowlett (1914–1978),[1][1] first in Austin, Texas and soon after were located in College Station, Texas.[3] The partners were joined in 1948 by Wallie Eugene Scott, Jr. (1921–1989), who was Caudill's student.[1] William Merriweather Peña, another student of Caudill's was hired in 1948.[2][6] He was the first employee and in 1949, he was made a partner. He expressed that it would be best to keep the company name with the first three partners names rather than extending it with each new partner.[3] In 1954, Thomas A. Bullock, Sr. (1922-2007) became a partner. In the 1950s,[1] they were known for building schools,[4] with a "lean and clean" style. The schools, generally one-story, had simple designs with classrooms on one side of a corridor, maximization of windows for lighting and ventilation, and shed, flat, or gabled roofs.[10] In San Angelo, Texas, the Central High School was constructed with an open design, having 13 buildings on a campus. It was the first fully air-conditioned school in the country. Using the outdoors as an aesthetic, they designed a glass-walled and domed gymnasium in Brownsville, Texas for St. Josephs Academy. The editor of ArchitectureWeek stated that "they became known as masters of modern practice and construction management."[5] In 1958, CRS moved their office to Houston from Bryan, Texas. They began designing hospitals and had designed school and university buildings in eight countries and 26 states by 1969.[1] The firm relied on research, including studies and surveys that they conducted, such as with the Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES) Architecture Division, as well as the publications that they produced. For instance, Caudill authored the book Toward Better School Design. This involved the programming and designing business practice[6] documented and promoted by William "Willie" Peña in Problem Seeking: An architectural programming primer in 1969 with a CRS programmer, John Focke. Its concepts were incorporated into the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB) in 1973,[7][8] and it has become a standard architecture textbook.[2] Over the years, it developed a national reputation and also had international clients. It opened regional offices and the six partner firm employed 250 employees.[6] It became a public corporation, CRS Design Associates, Inc. in 1970 and had added engineering and construction divisions.[9] It was listed on the American Stock Exchange in 1971.[6] In 1983, J.E. Sirrine, an industrial engineering firm, became part of the company and the company's name was changed to CRSS, popularly known as CRS-Sirrine. The Sirrine arm of the firm continued to pursue engineering work, much of it in the pulp and paper industry, while the architecture group continued to focus primarily on architecture-related work. Eventually, the corporation also developed a core group which focused on businesses related to both architecture and industrial engineering. CRS Capital became involved in reinsurance for A/E-related firms and became involved in development of power-generation facilities. In 1994, a few years after the death of Scott, CRSS began divesting itself, selling off the architectural group to HOK of St. Louis and the Sirrine engineering division to Jacobs Engineering Group of Pasadena, California.[10] Selected architecture projectsTexas
AwardsIn 1972, CRS Architects received the Architecture Firm Award, the highest award of the American Institute of Architects.[24] In 1975, the firm was given the prestigious Albert S. Bard Award for their design of the Salanter Akiba Riverdale Academy.[25] In 2005, it was named "Firm of the Century" by Texas A&M University College of Architecture (in which the CRS Center is now housed).[26] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcabf |title=Caudill, William Wayne| author= Stephen Fox|date=October 17, 2016 |work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association |accessdate=May 16, 2017}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://one.arch.tamu.edu/news/2015/3/13/pena-distinguished-alumnus/ |title=Architect, war hero William Peña named distinguished alumnus |date=March 13, 2015|website=College of Architecture, Texas A&M University|accessdate=May 15, 2017 }} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Jonathan King|author2=Philip Langdon|title=The CRS Team and the Business of Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfIdy8TWSjcC&pg=PA17|year=2002|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|isbn=978-1-58544-206-5|page=17}} 4. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/13936166/?terms=William%2BPena%2Barchitect |title=Institute enshrines architect of schools | author=Bill Marvel of the Dallas Times Herald |date= March 13, 1985|newspaper=The Seguin Gazette Enterprise |location=Seguin, Texas|accessdate=May 15, 2017|page=26 |via=newspapers.com}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.architectureweek.com/2004/0114/index.html |title=Schoolhouse Modernism | author1=Jonathan King|author2=Philip Langdon |date= |website= ArchitectureWeek|accessdate=April 8, 2017}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|title=Marketing through research: William Caudill and Caudill, Rowlett, Scott (CRS) | author=Avigail Sachs |date=December 5, 2008 |journal=The Journal of Architecture |volume=13|issue=6 |pages=737–752 |doi=10.1080/13602360802573884}} 7. ^{{cite book | editor1=Jonathan King |editor2= Philip Langdon | title=The CRS Team and the Business of Architecture | year= 2002 |isbn=978-1-58544-206-5 | publisher= Texas A&M University Press |pages=45–46}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Wolfgang Preiser|title=Professional Practice in Facility Programming (Routledge Revivals)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xW_bCQAAQBAJ&pg=SA16-PA24|date=June 11, 2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-50871-7|pages=16–24}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://crs.arch.tamu.edu/archives/people/caudill/|title=William Wayne Caudill - College of Architecture|website=crs.arch.tamu.edu|access-date=2016-11-17}} 10. ^{{cite book | editor1=Jonathan King |editor2= Philip Langdon | title=The CRS Team and the Business of Architecture | year= 2002 |page = 265| isbn=978-1-58544-206-5 | publisher= Texas A&M University Press }} 11. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Barrie Scardino|author2=Bruce C. Webb|title=Ephemeral City: Cite Looks at Houston|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIdYVBPGgT4C&pg=PA164|date=December 1, 2003|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-70187-8|page=164}} 12. ^{{cite book|author=T. Irwin Sessions|title=San Antonio's Historic Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=alxVCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT2|date=January 11, 2016|publisher=Arcadia Publishing Incorporated|isbn=978-1-4396-5555-9|page=PT2}} 13. ^{{cite news|url=http://ntdaily.com/after-40-years-library-staff-looks-to-expand/ |title=After 40 years, Willis begins to fill | author=Brittni Barnett |date=October 20, 2011 |website=North Texas Daily|publisher=University of North Texas |accessdate=May 16, 2017}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/companies/157038/caudill-rowlett-scott-houston-tx-usa|title=Caudill Rowlett Scott|website=Emporis|accessdate=May 16, 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://hiddencityphila.org/2013/04/final-bell-nears-at-brutalist-southwest-philly-middle-school/|title=Final Bell Nears At Brutalist Southwest Philly Middle School|author=Bradley Maule|date=April 17, 2013|website=Hidden City Philadelphia|accessdate=May 16, 2017}} 16. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Nancy B. Solomon|title=Architecture: Celebrating the Past, Designing the Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErvkPOjhulEC&pg=PA272|year=2008|publisher=Visual Reference Publications|isbn=978-1-58471-162-9|page=272}} 17. ^{{cite book|author1=Anne M. Nequette|author2=R. Brooks Jeffery|title=A Guide to Tucson Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RHtv8WIQqv8C&pg=PA171|year=2002|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn=978-0-8165-2083-1|page=171}} 18. ^{{cite book|author1=Norval White|author2=Elliot Willensky|author3=Fran Leadon|title=AIA Guide to New York City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTJlkowOwA4C&pg=PT2231|date=June 14, 2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-975864-7|page=PT2231}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nmstatesports.com/sports/2015/7/30/GEN_2014010156.aspx|title=Aggie Memorial Stadium |website=New Mexico State University Athletics|accessdate=May 16, 2017}} 20. ^{{cite book|author1=G. A. R. Parke|author2=C. M. Howard|author3=Mr. C. M. Howard|title=Space Structures 4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2jiHNnCvcYC&pg=PA1462|year=1993|publisher=Thomas Telford|isbn=978-0-7277-1968-3|page=1462}} 21. ^{{cite book|title=Commerce Today|year=1974|publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce|page=39}} 22. ^{{cite book|author1=Jonathan King|author2=Philip Langdon|title=The Crs Team and the Business of Architecture|year=2002|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|isbn=978-1-58544-206-5|page=206}} 23. ^{{cite book|author1=Thierry Delfosse|title=Saigon Modernist: Fifty Years of Architecture|url=https://www.amazon.com/Saigon-Modernist-Fifty-years-Architecture-ebook/dp/B01N188GAW|year=2017|page=124}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.aia.org/awards/7276-architecture-firm-award|title=Past recipients|website=American Institute of Architects|accessdate=May 15, 2017}} 25. ^Fowler, Glenn. "Bard Awards Honor 8 Examples of Good Urban Design," New York Times (June 12, 1975). 26. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://crs.arch.tamu.edu/activites/publications/2006%20Spring%20Newsletter.pdf|title=Texas A&M College of Architecture names CRS 'Firm of the Century'|magazine=Probe|publisher=CRS Center for Leadership and Management in the Design and Construction Industry|date=Spring 2006|accessdate=May 15, 2017|page=1}} External links{{Commons category-inline|Caudill Rowlett Scott}} 8 : Architecture firms based in Texas|Design companies established in 1946|Companies based in Houston|Defunct companies based in Texas|1946 establishments in Texas|Design companies disestablished in 1994|1994 disestablishments in Texas|1994 mergers and acquisitions |
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