1. Role and location

2. Health record

3. Individual elephants

4. References

5. External links

The Center for Elephant Conservation (CEC) is a {{convert|200|acre|km2|adj=on}} breeding farm and retirement facility for elephants in Polk City, Florida, opened in 1995. The CEC is solely sponsored by Feld Entertainment, the holding company which operated the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus from the 1960s until 2017.

Role and location

The CEC is the largest Asian elephant gene pool outside of the Indian subcontinent since traditional zoos usually have, on average, only a handful of elephants. Parent company Feld Entertainment publicizes the facility as a gathering place for researchers of elephant behavior and conservation. The center loans both elephants and semen to zoos and cooperative breeding programs around the world. Between the traveling circuses and the center, the herd consists of more than 70 elephants. When the center opened, it was home to 27 elephants, including four studs and six babies. As of 2010, there were a claimed 23 births at the center, most recently{{When|date=April 2011}} a female the staff has named April.

Although the facility is a largely undisturbed natural habitat in which some elephants are permitted to graze and stroll, many of the elephants at the facility are kept confined and chained in cement barns. Photos of the facility and staff training newborn elephants became public after the death of a former Conservation Center employee, Sam Haddock.^[1] Outsiders are divided on what the center means for elephants, calling it, alternately, “a stark, sterile-looking place, with … little evident enrichment,” “wonderful,” “the leading elephant-breeder in the Americas,” and “elephant puppy mill.”^[2]

In 2014, Feld Entertainment won $25.2 million in settlements from a number of animal-rights groups, including the Humane Society of the United States, ending a 14-year legal battle over unproven allegations that Ringling circus employees mistreated elephants.

The initial lawsuit was filed in 2000 by a former Ringling barn helper who was later found to have been paid at least $190,000 by the animal-rights groups that helped bring the lawsuit. The judge called him "essentially a paid plaintiff" who lacked credibility and standing to sue. The judge rejected the abuse claims following a 2009 trial.^[3]

Health record

In 1999, the center failed a USDA inspection under the Animal Welfare Act due to its restraint policy.^[4] At least one case of TB was noted at this time.

An action over these issues was stated in a local court against the Center in June 2000.^[5] The action was brought by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Animal Protection Institute, the Animal Welfare Institute, the Fund for Animals, and Tom Rider, a former employee of Ringling Bros.^[6] In late 2009 the suit was dismissed by the courts because it was ruled that the plaintiffs, ASPCA et al., as private citizens, were not allowed to bring suit against Feld Entertainment under the Endangered Species Act because 'uninjured' by the acts in question. Although citizens' right to file suit under the act is stipulated in the act, the court did not allow it.^[7] The court did not rule on the merits of the case, nor the video footage documenting severe hooking of elephants on Ringling show units. Various legal scholars have disputed the legal rigor of this ruling.^[8] Ringling Brothers, Barnum & Bailey publicists claim victory and have focused their defense on questioning the motives of whistle-blower Tom Rider and his relationship to animal welfare groups.^[9]

In 2003 and 2004, Conservation Center publicists announced that the Center had been given a clean bill of health by USDA inspectors ^[10][11]

In 2006, the Center was quarantined for a case of TB. Only one animal in the herd appears to have been affected.^[12]

Ringling Brothers asserts retired circus elephants living at the center have an average lifespan of up to 70 years, although the oldest elephants to die at the facility Ringling lists as 55 and 62 years of age.^[13] A number of juvenile elephants have also died in Ringling possession, although not at the facility but while on tour with a Ringling Brothers show.^[14] It is likely elephants at Ringling's Florida Center may live longer than captive elephants in zoos, who live an average of 42 years, although not as long as wild elephants who, if protected from poaching, can typically live up to 65 or 70 years.^[15]

Individual elephants

• Piper (born August 13, 2012). Piper is Mable's sister.
• Asia is the star elephant of the Red Tour.
• April, (born April 3, 2010).
• Barack, (born January 19, 2009) is a product of the Center's artificial insemination program.
• Hindi, (born November 9, 2008).

• Mable (born April 6, 2006). Mable is a rare second-generation offspring as both her mother, Shirley, and her father, Romeo, were also born at the Center in the mid-1990s. Mable's name was picked based on a national naming contest, and is named after Mable Ringling, the wife of one of the founders of Ringling Brothers' Circus.
• Irvin (born June 2005), named after Irvin Feld, who bought the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in 1967 and restored it to profitability. Irvin's parents are Alana and Charlie.
• Aree (born April 2005)
• P.T. (born May 2002), named after P. T. Barnum
• Asha (born March 2002)
• Rudy (born January 2002)
• Gunther (born November 2001)
• Sara (born April 2001)

References

External links

• Official site

• Alexander Naddour
• Alexander Nadj
• Alexander Nahum Sack
• Alexander Nairne
• Alexander Nandzik
• Alexander Napier
• Alexander Nartov
• Alexander Nash
• Alexander Nash (footballer)
• Alexander Nazarko
• Alexander N. Chumakov
• Alexander Nedeljkovic
• Alexander Nedogoda
• Alexander Nefyodov
• Alexander Neil
• Alexander, Neil
• Alexander Neil Bethune
• Alexander Neill
• Alexander Nelke
• Alexander Nelson (British Army officer)
• Alexander Nelson Hansell
• Alexander Nemerov (art historian)
• Alexander Nemes-Neufeld
• Alexander Nemychenkov
• Alexander Nenashkin