| 词条 | Chaitén |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Chaitén |native_name = |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = Vista de Chaitén, Chile.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = The town of Chaitén in 2007 |image_flag = |flag_alt = Flag |image_shield = Escudo de Chaitén.svg |shield_alt = Coat of arms |image_map = Comuna de Chaitén.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Chaitén commune in Los Lagos Region |map_alt = Location of Chaitén commune in Los Lagos Region |pushpin_map_narrow = yes |pushpin_map = Chile |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Chile |pushpin_mapsize = 150 |coordinates_footnotes = |coor_pinpoint = city |coordinates = {{coord|42|55|0|S|72|42|0|W|region:CL-LL|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Chile |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Los Lagos |subdivision_type2 = Province |subdivision_name2 = Palena |government_type = Municipality |leader_party = ILE |leader_title = Alcalde |leader_name = Pedro Vásquez Celedón |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1933 |established_title2 = Evacuated |established_date2 = May 2008 |area_total_km2 = 8470.5 |population_as_of = 2012 census |settlement_type = Town and Commune |population_total = 3347 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_urban = 4065 | timezone = CLT [1] | utc_offset = -4 | timezone_DST = CLST [2] | utc_offset_DST = -3 |elevation_m = 12 |postal_code_type = postal code |postal_code = |area_code = country 56 + city = 65 |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = Cfb |website = {{URL|http://www.munichaiten.cl/}} |footnotes = }} Chaitén ({{IPAc-en|tʃ|aɪ|ˈ|t|ɛ|n}}, {{respell|chahy|TEN|'}}) is a Chilean town, commune and former capital of the Palena Province in Los Lagos Region. The town is north of the mouth of Yelcho River, on the east coast of the Gulf of Corcovado. The town is strategically close to the northern end of the Carretera Austral, where the highway goes inland. The Desertores Islands are part of the commune. EvacuationThe town was evacuated in May 2008 when the Chaitén volcano erupted for the first time in more than 9,000 years.[3][4] The eruption, which commenced May 2, became more violent on May 5,[5] throwing up a high plume of ash and sulfurous steam that rose to {{convert|19|mi|km}}, from which ashfall drifted across Patagonia and over the Atlantic Ocean.[6] During 2005 small earthquakes occurred below Chaitén and the nearby Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone.[7] The town was completely flooded on May 12, 2008, after a lahar caused the banks of the Blanco River to overflow about {{convert|200|m|abbr=on}} on each side.[8] Over the subsequent weeks, the river excavated a new course through Chaitén, completely destroying a significant part of it by July 2008. This process is still ongoing; it is unclear how extensive the damage will ultimately be. Some defensive work has been undertaken by the government, but they ultimately decided to abandon the town, relocating and compensating all residents.[9] The provincial capital was provisionally moved to Futaleufú after the eruption breakout, but the capital shift was later on declared permanent. The future of the town has become a matter of political controversy in Chile. Reconstruction of ChaiténOn February 25, 2009, the government announced plans to rebuild Chaitén {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} north of its current location in a coastal place known as Santa Bárbara or "Fandango Norte".[10] On March 3, 2009, construction work on the new town's administrative facilities started.[11] On April 9, 2011, president Sebastián Piñera announced a program to rebuild the town on its existing northern area, reversing plans by the previous administration to move the town to a different location farther north.[12] Nearby attractionsNearby attractions include:
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |accessdate=26 September 2010 |title=Chile Time |publisher=WorldTimeZones.org |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130719/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |archivedate=11 September 2007 |df= }} {{Communes in Los Lagos Region}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaiten}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |accessdate=26 September 2010 |title=Chile Summer Time |publisher=WorldTimeZones.org |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130451/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |archivedate=11 September 2007 |df= }} 3. ^The Global Volcanism Program reports that previously assessed radiocarbon dating of the last lava flow from Chaitén has suggested that the volcano last erupted in 7420 BC, plus or minus 75 years. (NASA, "Earth Observatory Natural Hazards {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510093549/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=14815 |date=May 10, 2008 }}) 4. ^{{cite journal| author2=José A. Naranjo|author3=Charles R. Stern| title = Holocene tephrochronology of the southernmost part (42°30'-45°S) of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone| journal = Revista Geológica de Chile| volume = 31| issue = 2| pages = 225–240| publisher = Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería| location = Santiago, Chile| date=December 2004| url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0716-02082004000200003&script=sci_arttext#img06| accessdate = 2008-05-07| doi=10.4067/S0716-02082004000200003| last1=Naranjo| first1=José A.}} 5. ^(Times online) "4,000 evacuated as volcano blast meets storm in the Chilean sky" May 6, 2008. 6. ^NASA, "Earth Observatory Natural Hazards plume visible from space] 7. ^{{cite journal| last = Lange| first = D. |author2=Cembrano, J. |author3=Rietbrock, A. |author4=Haberland, C. |author5=Dahm, T. |author6=Bataille, K| title = First seismic record for intra-arc strike-slip tectonics along the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone at the obliquely convergent plate margin of the southern Andes,| publisher = Tectonophysics|date=April 2008| volume = 455| issue = 1–4| doi = 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.04.014| journal = Tectonophysics| page = 14}} 8. ^Global Volcanism Program | Chaitén | SI / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Reports 9. ^La Nacion "Gobierno no reconstruirá Chaitén y prepara relocalización", 2009 Jan 30 10. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301094806/http://diario.elmercurio.com/2009/02/26/nacional/nacional/noticias/9B9D95FC-E45A-4ED1-9A23-47CC95C6A148.htm |date=March 1, 2009 }} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://latercera.com/contenido/654_105748_9.shtml |title=Comienzan los trabajos para la construcción de centro cívico de nueva Chaitén |publisher=Latercera.com |date=2010-02-25 |accessdate=2010-03-01}} 12. ^Piñera oficializa refundación de Chaitén en sector norte de la ciudad, El Mercurio, April 9, 2011. 6 : Communes of Chile|Capitals of Chilean provinces|Populated places established in 1933|Ghost towns in South America|Former populated places in Chile|Populated places in Palena Province |
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