| 词条 | Chakma language | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Chakma |altname=Changmha, Daingnet |nativename={{lang|ccp|𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄞𑄌𑄴}} |image=Chakma script rangamattye 20.png |imagecaption= "Chakma" in Chakma script |states=Bangladesh, India, Burma |region=Chittagong Hill Tracts, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura |ethnicity=Chakma, Daingnet |speakers={{sigfig|326,000|2}} in Bengal |date=2007 |ref=e18 |speakers2=also in Burma |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=Indo-Iranian |fam3=Indo-Aryan |fam4=Eastern |script=Chakma script, Bengali script |ietf = {{wikidata|property|references|P305}} |iso2 = {{wikidata|property|references|P219}} |iso3 = {{wikidata|property|references|P220}} |glotto={{wikidata|property|P1394}} |glottorefname=Chakma |lingua = {{wikidata|property|references|P1396}} }} Chakma language ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ɑː|k|m|ə|}}; autonym: {{lang|ccp|𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄞𑄌𑄴}}, {{lang|ccp|Changmha Bhach|script=Latn}}) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Chakma and Daingnet people. Its better-known closest relatives are Assamese, Hajong, Bengali, Chittagonian, and Bishnupriya Manipuri of Manipur, Tanchangya, and Sylheti. It is spoken by nearly 310,000 people in southeast Bangladesh in Chittagong Hill Tracts, and another 300,000 in India in Assam and Tripura and 40,265 in Mizoram. It is written using the Chakma script, which is also called Ajhā pāṭh, sometimes romanised Ojhopath. Literacy in Chakma script is low. It is officially recognised by neither the Bangladesh government nor the Indian government, the only two countries where local Chakma people live. Although there were no Chakma language radio or television stations as of 2011, the language has a presence in social media and on YouTube. The Hill Education Chakma Script website provides tutorials, videos, e-books, and Chakma language forums.[1] In 2012, the Government of Tripura announced it would "introduce Chakma language in Chakma script in primary schools of Tripura. Imparting of education up to elementary stage in mother tongue is a national policy. To begin with Chakma language subjects in its own scripts will be introduced in 58 primary schools in Chakma concentrated areas."[2] "In preparation for the January 2014 education season, the national curriculum and textbook board has already started printing books in six languages ... Chakma, Kokborok (Tripura community), Marma, Santal, Sadri (Orao community) and Achik."[3] Mor Thengari (My Bicycle) was Bangladesh's first Chakma-language movie. However, it was banned in Bangladesh.[4]PhonologyChakma has eight distinct vowels.[5]{{rp|7}}
Medieval ChakmaThe Chakma and Daingnet people now speak what may be considered divergent dialects of Magadhi Prakrit. However, this is due to language shift from an Oxomiya language; that medieval language may have been related to Sak[6] or Chairel.[7] References1. ^{{Cite web| title = Languages: Online Activism To Save Chakma Language| work = Rising Voices| accessdate = 2 September 2012| date = 29 November 2011| url = http://rising.globalvoicesonline.org/blog/2011/11/29/languages-online-activism-to-save-chakma-language/}} 2. ^{{Cite web| last = Hueiyen News Service / Newmai News Network| title = Chakma script to be introduced in Tripura| work = E-Pao! Headlines| accessdate = 2 September 2012| date = 31 August 2012| url = http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=20..010912.sep12}} 3. ^{{Cite web| last = Chowdhury| first = K. R.| title = Native tongue offers ethnic children a good start| work = khabarsouthasia.com| accessdate = 2 June 2013| date = 21 May 2013| url = http://khabarsouthasia.com/en_GB/articles/apwi/articles/features/2013/05/21/feature-01}} 4. ^https://globalvoices.org/2015/12/11/bangladeshs-censor-board-blocks-the-countrys-first-chakma-language-film/ 5. ^1 {{cite thesis |last=Tanchangya |first=Shanta Rakshit |date=December 2013 |type=BA |title=A comparative study of vowels in Chakma and English |publisher=BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh |url=http://dspace.bracu.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10361/3173/09203010.pdf}} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Beckwith |first=Christopher I. |date=2002 |title=Medieval Oxomiya Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyX-Nug1rD8C |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-12424-0}} 7. ^Voegelin, Charles Frederick & Florence Marie Robinett Voegelin. 1977. Classification and Index of the World's Languages. New York: Elsevier. {{ISBN|0-444-00155-7}}
External links{{incubator|code=ccp}}{{Commonscat-inline|Chakma language}}
| title = Chakma alphabet, pronunciation and language | work = Omniglot | accessdate = 2 September 2012 | url = http://www.omniglot.com/writing/chakma.htm }}
| title = Honour for writers | work = The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) | accessdate = 2 September 2012 | date = 7 January 2009 | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090108/jsp/jharkhand/story_10359861.jsp }}{{Subject bar |d=Q32952 |commons= y |commons-search= Category:Chakma language |n= y |wikt= y |wikt-search= Chakma language |b= y |s= y |v= y |voy-search= Chakma language }}{{Languages of Bangladesh}}{{Languages of India}}{{Languages of Burma}}{{Eastern Indo-Aryan languages}} 6 : Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Languages of Bangladesh|Chakma|Languages of Mizoram|Languages of Tripura|Languages of Arunachal Pradesh |
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