1. History

2. Products
    Current Chang'an models  Discontinued Chang'an models  Current Oushan models  Current Chana (Oushang) models  Discontinued Chana models  Current Ruixing models  Electric vehicles 

3. Production and research facilities
    Domestic  Anhui  Beijing  Chongqing  Hebei  Heilongjiang  Jiangsu  Jiangxi  Shanghai  International  R&D centers 

4. Joint ventures
    Changan Ford  Changan PSA  Changan Suzuki 

5. References

6. External links

Chang'an designs, develops, manufactures, and sells passenger cars sold under the Chang'an brand and commercial vehicles sold under the Chana brand. It operates joint ventures with Ford (Changan Ford), Groupe PSA (Changan PSA), Mazda (Changan Mazda) and Suzuki (Changan Suzuki) which respectively produce Ford, DS Automobiles, Mazda and Suzuki branded passenger cars for the Chinese market. It also has a joint venture with Jiangling Motor Corporation Group (JMCG), which produces SUVs sold under the Landwind marque.^[3]

Chang'an is considered to be one of the "Big Four" Chinese automakers,^[4] and manufacture of 3 million units in 2016 saw the company rank fourth among China's automakers by production volume.^[5] It is China's second most popular car brand, with 1.4 million Changan cars sold in 2016.^[6] A subsidiary of Changan, Chongqing Changan Automobile Company ({{Szse|000625}}), is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (but is also state controlled).^[2]

History

Chang'an's early origins can be traced back to 1862 when Li Hongzhang set up a military supply factory, the Shanghai Foreign Gun Bureau.^[7] In 1937, during the Sino-Japanese War, the factory was moved to Chongqing when Shanghai was attacked.^[8]

In 1959 a predecessor entity, Chongqing Chang'an Arsenal, under contract to the government, began auto manufacturing and built Changjiang Type 46 vehicle which was the first production vehicle of China.^[9] Changan introduced minicar by licensing from Suzuki.^[10]

In 2009, Changan acquired two smaller domestic automakers, Hafei and Changhe.^[11] In 2013, Changhe was transferred to Jiangxi provincial government for restructuring, and later became a majority-owned subsidiary of another Chinese automaker BAIC Group.^[12]

As of 2010, China Weaponry Equipment is the parent company of this state-owned automaker,^[13] and that year Chang'an became the fourth most-productive car manufacturer in the Chinese automobile industry by selling 2.38 million units.^[14]

The company also released a new logo for its consumer offerings in 2010 while commercial production retains the former red-arch brand.^[15]

Although it only allowed the company to achieve fourth place among domestic automakers in terms of production, Changan made over 2 million whole vehicles in 2011.^[16]

In 2012, it was reported that 72% of production was dedicated to passenger vehicles,^[5] but this count likely conflates private offerings and microvans, tiny commercial trucks and vans that are popular in China.

In November 2012, Changan Ford Mazda Automobile was divided into two new joint venture companies: Changan Ford and Changan Mazda.^[17]

Changan will end sales of gasoline and diesel vehicles under its brand in 2025.^[18]

Products

Changan designs, develops, manufactures, and sells passenger cars sold under the Changan brand and commercial vehicles sold under the Chana brand.

Current Chang'an models

The Changan range currently includes the following models:^[19]

• Alsvin V7
• Changan Benni
• Changan Benni EV
• Changan CS15
• Changan CS15 EV
• Changan CS35
• Changan CS35 Plus
• Changan CS55
• Changan CS75
• Changan CS75 Plus
• Changan CS85
• Changan CS95
• Changan Alsvin
• Eado DT
• Eado
• Eado Blue (Hybrid version of the Eado)
• Eado EV ^[20]
• Eado XT (Hatchback version of the Eado)
• Eado XT RS (Sport version of the Eado XT)
• Changan Linmax
• Changan Raeton
• Changan Raeton CC (Redesigned sportier version of the Raeton)

Discontinued Chang'an models

• Alsvin Hatchback
• Alsvin Sedan
• Alsvin V3
• Alsvin V5
• Benni Love (Extended production version of the first-generation Benni)
• Benni Mini (Extended production version of the second-generation Benni)
• CX20 (Now built by Youngman Lotus)
• CX30 Hatchback
• CX30 Sedan
• E30 EV
• Changan SC6320G/SC1011 (rebadged Suzuki Carry vans and trucks)
• Joice (Jiexun)
• Joice HEV (Hybrid electric version of the Joice, out of production within one year of market launch) ^[21]
• Z-Shine

Current Oushan models

• COS1°
• Cosmos

Current Chana (Oushang) models

• X70A
• CX70
• CX70T
• A800
• A600 (Originally Changan Oushang)
• Honor (欧诺)
• Star 5 Truck
• Star 3
• Star 9
• T20
• F30
• F70

Discontinued Chana models

• CM8
• Star
• Eulove
• Q20
• Ruiline
• Chana Star 2
• Chana Star 4500 (Later renamed to Chana Star 9)
• Taurustar (Later renamed to Chana Star 7)
• Chana Star S460

Current Ruixing models

• Ruixing S50/Ruixing S50V
• Ruixing M70
• Ruixing M80 (Changan G10)
• Ruixing M90

Electric vehicles

After six years of R&D, Changan debuted a hybrid automobile in 2007.^[2] China subsidizes oil, an incentive for the use and manufacture of electric cars, and Chinese automakers see opportunities in less mature electric vehicles because Western companies have yet to develop much of a lead in the technology.^[22]

Production and research facilities

Domestic

Changan has four major production bases (in the City of Chongqing, Hebei province, Jiangsu province, and Jiangxi province),{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} eleven automobile production bases, and two engine production bases in mainland China^[23] for a more-current total of 21 vehicle-making bases including newer sites in Anhui province, Guangdong province, Heilongjiang province, Shandong province, and Shanxi province.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}

Anhui

A planned 300,000 units/year capacity mini-vehicle production base in Hefei, Anhui province, should see completion in 2011.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} Production capacity figures may consider engines and vehicles as discrete.

Beijing

An existing R&D center in Beijing^[24] will soon be joined by a passenger car production base in Fangshan District, Beijing, which will become operational in 2012.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}

Chongqing

Chang'an has numerous sites in the city of Chongqing. A Chang'an-Ford plant and another, planned Chang'an-Ford plant (which may produce engines^[29]) are joined by a Chongqing-based R&D center^[24] and an industrial park in Yubei, Chongqing.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

Hebei

An industrial park in Hebei province may continue to be Chang'an controlled.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

Heilongjiang

A Harbin, Heilongjiang province, R&D center, is now a Chang'an asset.^[24] It may have been owned by Hafei prior.

Jiangsu

A Chang'an-Ford plant and an industrial park{{citation needed|date=December 2010}} in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, may comprise Chang'an operations in this province.

Jiangxi

A planned Chang'an commercial vehicle production base in Nanchang, capital of Jiangxi province, will produce JMC and Ford-branded vehicles^[25] and join an R&D center^[24] as a second facility in this province. The latter facility may be a former Changhe asset.

Shanghai

Chang'an has an R&D center in this coastal city.^[24]

International

The company maintains four factories in international markets and several overseas R&D centers.

Chang'an had an assembly plant in Poteau, Oklahoma, piecing together products sold under the Tiger Truck brand from 2007 to 2010.^[26] The Changan CS35 is built in Lipetsk region of Russia since 2016.^[27]

R&D centers

Chang'an has over 7,000 engineers and researcher working in R&D facilities in Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai and Harbin,^[7] Turin, Italy,^[24] and Yokohama, Japan.^[24] It set up two more in 2011. These are located in Birmingham (originally was set up in Nottingham), United Kingdom, and Detroit, United States.^[28] The Detroit center opened in early 2011, and its office was moved from Nottingham to Birmingham 2015.^[29][30] But there still is a office and engineering college in Nottingham Science Park near the University of Nottingham

Joint ventures

Like most major Chinese automakers, Changan partners with Western and Japanese companies to produce and sell the products of these foreign firms in China. Changan currently participates in the following joint ventures: Changan Suzuki (1993–present),^[9] Changan Ford (2001–present),^[9] Chang'an Ford Mazda Engine (2005–2012),^[31] Changan PSA or CAPSA (2010–present),^[32] and Changan Mazda (2012–present).^[33]

Jiangling Motor Holding Co. Ltd. ({{zh|s=江西江铃控股有限公司|p=Jiāngxī Jiānglíng Kònggǔ Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī}}), also known by the initialism JMH, is a joint venture established in October 2004 and controlled equally by Changan and JMCG. To create Jiangling Motor Holding Changan invested money and in exchange JMCG transferred its Jiangling Motors Corporation (JMC) equity to the venture. Jiangling Motor Holding is the largest shareholder of JMC,^[34] with a 41.03% stake as of March 2018.^[35] JMH also owns the Landwind marque.^[34][36]

Changan Ford

In 2001, Chang'an Ford was formed^[52] and initially built Ford-branded passenger vehicles from complete knock down kits.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

Making Chinese-market versions of Ford consumer offerings,^[15] its 2010 dealer network was thought to include many showrooms in second- and third-tier Chinese cities{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} such as Chongqing.^[37] So-called second- and third-tier cities are large and medium-sized cities not among the top four in terms of population and contribution to GDP.^[38]

Changan PSA

Changan and the French car manufacturer PSA Peugeot Citroën agreed in 2010 to set up a 50/50 passenger car and light commercial vehicle-making joint venture.^[39] Named CAPSA, it is the PSA Group's second joint venture company in China, after Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile, and its first with Chang'an.^[40] Centering on a newly built production base in Shenzhen, it is estimated that initial production capacity for the project will be 200,000 units/year.^[41]

Manufacturing commenced in 2014, with China specific Citroën DS models; the DS 5LS first and then the DS 6WR.^[42]

Changan Suzuki

Technical and commercial cooperation with Suzuki Motors, beginning in 1983, saw Changan assembling inexpensive commercial trucks (originally the Suzuki Carry ST90 as the Chang'an SC112^[43]) under license into the 2000s.^[44] The two companies formed Chongqing Chang'an Suzuki Automobile Co in 1993,^[45] which built licensed versions of the Suzuki Alto, Suzuki Cultus, and more recently the Swift.

In parallel with its Suzuki joint venture, Changan also continued to build small trucks and vans for commercial use based on the 1999 Suzuki Carry license, but independently developed vehicles are quickly replacing them.^[44] These small cars carry the Changan brand name although Suzuki technology is used in their design and manufacture.

In 2010, Changan was supposed to merge its Suzuki joint venture with that of Changhe, another automaker that participates in a project with the Japanese company.^[13] This plan, supported by Suzuki, did not see fruition, and this Japanese company may currently be unhappy with its Chinese partners. Despite being an early entrant in the Chinese auto market, it has lackluster sales in the country.^[46] Suzuki's efforts to change the situation by merging its two joint ventures—since Chinese business law does not allow any foreign company more than two—have so far been stymied by its Chinese partners, who instead hope Suzuki will improve their situation.^[47] The Chinese State may also not want new foreign-Chinese joint auto-making ventures at this time.^[48] An effort to sell the entire Suzuki model range at unified dealerships fell through in 2008.^[49] (This may have been tried again in 2010.)^[50]

References

External links

• Changan official website {{zh icon}}
• Chana Auto official website
• Changan in Russia {{ru icon}}

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