“Chang-Du dialect”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Chang-Du dialect

释义

Phonetics and phonology
Initials Finals Consonantal codas Tones Citation tones
References
External links

{{Short description|Dialect of Xiang Chinese}}{{Short description|Dialect of Gan Chinese}}{{expand language|topic=|langcode=zh|otherarticle=南昌话|date=December 2012}}{{Infobox language
|name=Chang-Du
|nativename=Nanchang
|states=China
|region=Northwestern Jiangxi
|speakers=?
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=Sinitic
|fam3=Gan
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=chan1317
|glottorefname=Chang-Jing
|iso6=cagj
|lingua=79-AAA-fad
|notice=IPA
}}

Chang-Du or Chang-Jing dialect, sometimes called Nanchang dialect ({{zh|t=南昌話|s=南昌话|p=nánchāng huà}}) after its principal variety, is a dialect of Gan Chinese. It is named after Nanchang and Duchang County, and is spoken in those areas as well as in Xinjian, Anyi, Yongxiu, De'an, Xingzi, Hukou, and bordering regions in Jiangxi and in Pingjiang County, Hunan.

Phonetics and phonology

The Nanchang variety will be taken as representative.

Initials

		Bilabial	Dental/ Alveolar	Alveolo- palatal	Velar
Nasal		m m 麻	ɲ gn 魚	ŋ ng 牙
Plosive	plain	p b 巴	t d 打	k g 加
Plosive	aspirated	pʰ p 怕	tʰ t 讀	kʰ k 卡
Affricate	plain	ts dz 渣	tɕ j 脊
Affricate	aspirated	tsʰ ts 茶	tɕʰ ch 喫
Fricative		ɸ f 花	s s 紗	ɕ sh 寫	h h 蝦
Lateral		l l 啦

Finals

The finals of the Nanchang dialect are:^[1]

-					-i		-u			-n				-ŋ			-t				-k
-	a}} 扯	ɔ}} 何	ɛ}} 許	ɹ̩}} 柿	ə}} 儒	ai}} 敗	əi}} 噯	au}} 抱	ɛu}} 茂	əu}} 周	an}} 闲	ɔn}} 漢	ɛn}} 痕	ən}} 分	aŋ}} 正	ɔŋ}} 裝	uŋ}} 共	at}} 八	ɔt}} 撥	ɛt}} 北	ət}} 不	ak}} 百	ɔk}} 剝	uk}} 鹿
-i-	ia}} 惹	iɛ}} 佢	i}} 眉	iɛu}} 廟	iu}} 酒	iɛn}} 淹	in}} 隱	iaŋ}} 井	iɔŋ}} 獎	iuŋ}} 供	iɛt}} 革	it}} 乙	iak}} 脊	iɔk}} 腳	iuk}} 菊
-u-	ua}} 話	uɔ}} 禾	uɛ}} 哇	u}} 母	uai}} 懷	ui}} 委	uan}} 灣	uɔn}} 換	un}} 滾	uaŋ}} 梗	uɔŋ}} 廣	uat}} 滑	uɔt}} 活	uɛt}} 國	ut}} 勿	uak}} 摑	uɔk}} 擴
-y-	yɛ}} 瘸	y}} 豬	yɔn}} 軟	yn}} 笋	yɔt}} 絕	yt}} 戍

Consonantal codas

consonantal finals	-p	-t	-k	-m	-n	-ng
IPA	{{IPA>[-p]}}	[-t]}}	[-k]}}	{{IPA>[-m]}}	[-n]}}	[-ŋ]}}
Example	十	八	百	咸	限	横

Syllabic nasals	m̩}} 姆	n̩}} 汝	ŋ̩}} 五

Tones

Nanchang has 5 tones, which are neutralized before a syllable-final stop.

Citation tones

Tone chart of Nanchang Gan
Tone number	Tone name	Tone contour	Description
1	yin ping (陰平)	˦˨}} (42)	falling
2	yang ping (陽平)	˨˦}} (24)	rising
3	shang sheng (上聲)	˨˩˧}} (213)	dipping
4	yin qu (陰去)	˥}} (5)	high
5	yang qu (陽去)	˨˩}} (21)	low
6	ru sheng (入聲)	˥̚}} (5)	checked
7	ru sheng (入聲)	˨̚}} (2)	checked

References

1. ^Yan (2006), pp. 150–151, based on Hanyu Fangyin Zihui.

Běijīng dàxué zhōngguóyǔyánwénxuéxì yǔyánxué jiàoyánshì. (1989) Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì. Běijīng: Wénzìgǎigé chūbǎnshè.(北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室. 1989. 漢語方音字匯. 北京: 文字改革出版社)
Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). Chinese. Cambridge, England: CUP {{ISBN|0-521-29653-6}}
Yuán, jiāhuá (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing, China: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.)

External links

Cantonese and other dialects (in Chinese)
Classification of Gan Dialects from Glossika

1 : Gan Chinese

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