| 词条 | Charles Bertie (senior) |
| 释义 |
Captain Charles Bertie (c. 1640 – 22 March 1711), British diplomat, was the fifth son of Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey by his first wife, Martha Cokayne. He rose to serve as Secretary to the Treasury under his brother-in-law, the Earl of Danby, from 1673 until 1679, but did not wield significant political power thereafter. He did, however, twice enjoy the office of Treasurer of the Ordnance before his death in 1711. Early life and travels abroadBertie was educated first at a school of Charles Croke at Amersham and then probably at Westminster School. Admitted to the Middle Temple on 25 October 1658, he did not, however, take up a career as a barrister but went abroad in France and Switzerland for the next several years. Determined upon a diplomatic career, Bertie served as attaché at Madrid from 1664 to 1665 under Sir Richard Fanshawe, who wrote favorably of him to the King. He graduated M.A. from Oxford University in 1665, and was incorporated at Cambridge University in 1667.[1] He was subsequently commissioned both as a second lieutenant in the Royal Navy and as a captain in the Coldstream Guards in 1668. Bertie traveled through Scandinavia and possibly Prussia and Poland in 1670, and was named envoy-extraordinary to Denmark in March 1671. He left the following month for Denmark, by way of Hamburg, and returned home in February 1672 after the completion of his negotiations. Secretary of the TreasuryIn 1673, Bertie's brother-in-law, the then Viscount Latimer, was appointed Lord High Treasurer, providing Bertie with a new route for advancement. He was appointed Secretary to the Treasury and served as his brother-in-law's administrator there until 1679. He also purchased an estate at Uffington, Lincolnshire in 1673, and in the following year married Mary (d. 13 January 1679), daughter of Peter Tryon and widow of Sir Samuel Jones, by whom he had two children:[2]
Bertie was eager to secure additional treasury offices, and obtained a reversion to the office of Treasurer of the Ordnance in 1675 and to the office of Auditor of the Receipt of the Exchequer the following year. He also attempted to enter the House of Commons at a by-election at Grimsby in April 1675, but was defeated. However, in February 1678, he was returned for Stamford in another by-election. Storm clouds had, however, begun to gather around his brother-in-law and patron, now Earl of Danby. As Lord High Treasurer, Danby, though personally anti-French, had been deeply involved in Charles II's collection of a subsidy from Louis XIV, in exchange for English neutrality. With the rupture of Anglo-French relations in 1678, Louis, through the agency of the disaffected Ralph Montagu, attempted by releasing several of his letters to make Danby the scapegoat for the policy. Bertie opposed Danby's impeachment, but to no avail, and his support for Danby cost him his seat in January 1679. Bertie himself became embroiled in the controversy over the distribution of secret service money, and in May, upon refusing to testify without the King's command, was placed in the custody of the Serjeant-at-Arms of the British House of Commons, where he remained until Parliament was dissolved in July. Later careerAppointed envoy-extraordinary to Germany in summer 1680, Bertie was thus out of the country when a new Parliament was convened in October. He traveled through many of the German states before being recalled after the dissolution of the Oxford Parliament in March 1681. Returning to England in June, he succeeded that August as Treasurer of the Ordnance. With the accession of James II, Bertie was again returned as Member of Parliament for Stamford. Around this time, he also built a new country house in Uffington, and was appointed to local posts in Boston and Stamford. Bertie apparently kept the favour of James throughout his change of policy and the issue of the Declaration of Indulgence, and was a court candidate for the abortive 1688 elections. However, he was in Yorkshire with Danby when the latter was preparing to bring in William of Orange. He went down to London in October to allay James' fears, and was considered as a mediator between James and Danby. His connection with Danby allowed him to retain influence after the Glorious Revolution and he continued to hold his seat in Parliament. He supported Danby's proposal to declare the throne vacant and settle it upon Mary. Although Danby, now Marquess of Carmarthen, had now returned to eminence, Bertie was unable to achieve significant political power, being passed over as Secretary to the Treasury in 1691. He held a number of minor posts, including secretary to the Justice in Eyre south of the Trent (then his half-brother James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon) in 1693. While he signed the Association in 1696, he remained a reliable Tory, opposing the attainder of Sir John Fenwick that year. With the final fall of Carmarthen, now Duke of Leeds, in 1699, Bertie lost his office as Treasurer of the Ordnance to Harry Mordaunt, but regained it in 1702 with the accession of Anne. His support for an Occasional Conformity Bill in 1704 was probably the cause of his dismissal in 1705. Bertie opposed the impeachment of Henry Sacheverell in 1710. He had suffered from a "bad stomach" for much of that year, and died in March 1711, and was buried at Uffington. His son Charles replaced him as Member of Parliament for Stamford. References1. ^{{acad|id=BRKY663SC|name=Bertie, Charles}} *{{cite book | first=Stuart | last=Handley | chapter=Bertie, Charles (1640/41–1711) | title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2004 | chapterurl=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/65785 | accessdate=12 September 2007}}{{s-start}}{{s-par|en}}{{s-bef | before=Hon. Peregrine Bertie | before2=Henry Noel}}{{s-ttl | title=Member of Parliament for Stamford | with=Hon. Peregrine Bertie | years=1678–1679}}{{s-aft | after=Sir Richard Cust, Bt | after2=William Hyde}}{{s-bef | before=Sir Richard Cust, Bt | before2=William Hyde}}{{s-ttl | title=Member of Parliament for Stamford | with=Hon. Peregrine Bertie 1685–1689 | with2=William Hyde 1689–1694 | with3=Hon. Philip Bertie 1694–1698 | with4=Hon. William Cecil 1698–1705 | with5=Hon. Charles Cecil 1705–1707 | years=1685–1707}}{{s-aft | after=Parliament of Great Britain}}{{s-par|gb}}{{s-bef | before=Parliament of England}}{{s-ttl | title=Member of Parliament for Stamford | with=Hon. Charles Cecil | years=1707–1711}}{{s-aft | after=Hon. Charles Cecil | after2=Charles Bertie}}{{s-off}}{{succession box | before=Hon. Sir Robert Howard | title=Secretary to the Treasury | years=1673–1679 | after=Henry Guy}}{{succession box | before=Sir George Wharton, Bt | title=Treasurer of the Ordnance | years=1681–1699 | after=Hon. Harry Mordaunt}}{{succession box | before=Hon. Harry Mordaunt | title=Treasurer of the Ordnance | years=1702–1705 | after=Hon. Harry Mordaunt}}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bertie, Charles}}2. ^{{cite web | title=Bertie genealogy | url=http://www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/bb4ae/bertie1.htm | accessdate=12 September 2007}} 29 : 1640s births|1711 deaths|Coldstream Guards officers|Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies|Royal Navy officers|Tory MPs (pre-1834)|Younger sons of earls|Ambassadors of England to Denmark|Bertie family|People of the Stuart period|People educated at Westminster School, London|Members of the Middle Temple|17th-century English lawyers|English MPs 1661–1679|English MPs 1685–1687|English MPs 1689–1690|English MPs 1690–1695|English MPs 1695–1698|English MPs 1698–1700|English MPs 1701|English MPs 1701–1702|English MPs 1702–1705|English MPs 1705–1707|British MPs 1707–08|British MPs 1708–10|British MPs 1710–13|17th-century Royal Navy personnel|17th-century English diplomats|People from Uffington, Lincolnshire |
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