| 词条 | Bujumbura | ||||
| 释义 |
|image_skyline = Bujumbura city 2018.jpg |imagesize=300px |nickname= |image_flag = |image_caption = Bujumbura |image_seal = |pushpin_map = Burundi |pushpin_mapsize=300 |subdivision_type =Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Burundi}} |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Bujumbura Mairie Province |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1871 |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Freddy Mbonimpa |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 86.52 |area_land = |area_water = |population_as_of = 2008 census |population_urban = |population_note = |population_total = 497166 |population_metro = 800,000 |area_metro = |population_density_km2 = 2720.6 |timezone = CAT |utc_offset = +2 |timezone_DST = none |utc_offset_DST = +2 |coordinates = {{coord|3|23|S|29|22|E|region:BI-BJ_type:city|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 774 |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = Aw |website = {{URL|http://www.mairiebujumbura.gov.bi/}} |footnotes = }} Bujumbura ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|b|ʊ|dʒ|əm|ˈ|b|ʊr|ə}} or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|b|ʊ|ˈ|dʒ|ʊ|m|b|ʊr|ə}}[1]; {{IPA-fr|byʒœ̃byʁa}}), formerly Usumbura, is the former capital,[2] largest city and main port of Burundi. It ships most of the country's chief export, coffee, as well as cotton and tin ore. It is on the north-eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, the second deepest lake in the world after Lake Baikal. The city center is a colonial town with a large market, the national stadium, a large mosque, and the cathedral for the Archdiocese of Bujumbura. Museums in the city include the Burundi Museum of Life and the Burundi Geological Museum. Other nearby attractions include the Rusizi National Park, the Livingstone-Stanley Monument at Mugere (where David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley visited 14 days after their first historic meeting at Ujiji in Tanzania), the presidential palace and the source of the southernmost tributary of the Nile, described locally as the source of the Nile. Ferries sail from Bujumbura to Kigoma in Tanzania. The city is home to the Bujumbura International Airport and the University of Burundi. History{{see also|Timeline of Bujumbura}}Bujumbura grew from a small village after it became a military post in German East Africa in 1889. After World War I it was made the administrative center of the Belgian League of Nations mandate of Ruanda-Urundi. The name was changed from Usumbura to Bujumbura when Burundi became independent in 1962. Since independence, Bujumbura has been the scene of frequent fighting between the country's two main ethnic groups, with Hutu militias opposing the Tutsi-dominated Burundi army. Bujumbura today stands as an undeveloped city but remains to develop with its country. 2014 jogging banAccording to the BBC, Bujumbura residents are known for their "tradition of Saturday morning runs started during Burundi's long years of ethnic conflict." Because the surrounding hills were home to armed militants before 2005, Bujumbura residents "would try to vent their fear and frustration and claustrophobia, by running, often in a group."[3] In March 2014, President Pierre Nkurunziza banned jogging, due to "fears it was being used as a cover for subversion."[3] That same month, twenty-one opposition supporters were sentenced to life in prison for using "jogging" as a way to organize "an illegal demonstration that turned violent."[4] As of June 2014 in Bujumbura, "the authorities have since restricted jogging clubs to certain areas. All sports must now take place in nine parks in Bujumbura and other designated football pitches."[4] GeographyAdministrationBujumbura is governed by a community council and community administrator. It is further divided into 13 communes, or neighborhoods, each with its own council and boss.[5] {{div col|colwidth=22em}}
ClimateBujumbura features a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw)[6] with distinct wet and dry seasons. Its wet season is from October through April, while the dry season covers the remaining five months. Despite being located close to the equator, Bujumbura is not nearly as warm as one might expect, due to its altitude. Average temperatures are constant throughout the course of the year with the high temperature at around {{convert|29|°C}} and the low temperature at around {{convert|19|°C}}. {{Weather box|location = Bujumbura (1961–1990, extremes 1950–1990) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 34.6 |Feb record high C = 35.0 |Mar record high C = 34.0 |Apr record high C = 35.0 |May record high C = 32.0 |Jun record high C = 32.0 |Jul record high C = 33.0 |Aug record high C = 33.0 |Sep record high C = 33.8 |Oct record high C = 34.3 |Nov record high C = 33.8 |Dec record high C = 34.8 |year record high C = 35.0 |Jan high C = 29.1 |Feb high C = 29.7 |Mar high C = 29.3 |Apr high C = 29.2 |May high C = 29.9 |Jun high C = 29.9 |Jul high C = 29.2 |Aug high C = 30.0 |Sep high C = 30.9 |Oct high C = 30.1 |Nov high C = 29.1 |Dec high C = 28.9 |year high C = 29.6 |Jan mean C = 23.8 |Feb mean C = 23.8 |Mar mean C = 23.7 |Apr mean C = 23.9 |May mean C = 23.9 |Jun mean C = 23.3 |Jul mean C = 22.9 |Aug mean C = 24.0 |Sep mean C = 24.7 |Oct mean C = 24.6 |Nov mean C = 23.4 |Dec mean C = 23.6 |year mean C = 23.8 |Jan low C = 19.2 |Feb low C = 19.3 |Mar low C = 19.3 |Apr low C = 19.6 |May low C = 19.1 |Jun low C = 17.6 |Jul low C = 17.2 |Aug low C = 17.4 |Sep low C = 18.6 |Oct low C = 19.1 |Nov low C = 19.1 |Dec low C = 19.1 |year low C = 18.7 |Jan record low C = 14.0 |Feb record low C = 15.4 |Mar record low C = 14.7 |Apr record low C = 15.1 |May record low C = 16.2 |Jun record low C = 13.9 |Jul record low C = 11.8 |Aug record low C = 13.0 |Sep record low C = 14.3 |Oct record low C = 14.0 |Nov record low C = 15.9 |Dec record low C = 15.0 |year record low C = 11.8 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 100.3 |Feb rain mm = 85.7 |Mar rain mm = 117.5 |Apr rain mm = 111.9 |May rain mm = 56.6 |Jun rain mm = 8.9 |Jul rain mm = 2.7 |Aug rain mm = 13.4 |Sep rain mm = 33.0 |Oct rain mm = 59.0 |Nov rain mm = 97.1 |Dec rain mm = 99.6 |year rain mm = 785.7 |unit rain days = 0.1 mm |Jan rain days = 16 |Feb rain days = 19 |Mar rain days = 18 |Apr rain days = 18 |May rain days = 10 |Jun rain days = 2 |Jul rain days = 1 |Aug rain days = 2 |Sep rain days = 8 |Oct rain days = 15 |Nov rain days = 19 |Dec rain days = 19 |year rain days = 147 |Jan humidity = 77 |Feb humidity = 75 |Mar humidity = 78 |Apr humidity = 79 |May humidity = 76 |Jun humidity = 67 |Jul humidity = 63 |Aug humidity = 60 |Sep humidity = 62 |Oct humidity = 68 |Nov humidity = 76 |Dec humidity = 77 |year humidity = 72 |Jan sun = 167.4 |Feb sun = 158.2 |Mar sun = 176.7 |Apr sun = 165.0 |May sun = 210.8 |Jun sun = 255.0 |Jul sun = 272.8 |Aug sun = 251.1 |Sep sun = 213.0 |Oct sun = 189.1 |Nov sun = 150.0 |Dec sun = 164.3 |year sun = 2373.4 |Jand sun = 5.4 |Febd sun = 5.6 |Mard sun = 5.7 |Aprd sun = 5.5 |Mayd sun = 6.8 |Jund sun = 8.5 |Juld sun = 8.8 |Augd sun = 8.1 |Sepd sun = 7.1 |Octd sun = 6.1 |Novd sun = 5.0 |Decd sun = 5.3 |yeard sun = 6.5 |source 1 = World Meteorological Organization[7] |source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst (mean temperatures 1950–1990, humidity 1953–1990, and sun 1951–1990)[8] |date=August 2010 }} EconomySee also: Economy of Bujumbura (fr) Central marketBujumbura's central market is in the City Centre, along Rwagasore Avenue. During the city's heavy periods of war in 1972 and 1993, as citizens had become less likely to travel far from the City Centre, markets in neighbouring communities lost their business to the central market in Bujumbura. Consequently, vendors moved their business to the central market, many settling outside the market due to lack of space. However, the central market houses the largest variety of merchandise in the city, with stores that sell everything from food and sweets, to new and used clothing, shoes and consumer goods such as soap, detergent, school supplies and household accessories. On the dawn of January 27, 2013 a serious fire ravaged Bujumbura's central market.[9] Due to poor emergency response, the fire lasted for hours, resulting in a serious blow to local exchanges. Hundreds of vendors, local and foreign, lost their goods to the fire and the reported looting.[10] While Burundi's emergency services were unable to extinguish the blaze on their own, neighbouring Rwanda sent helicopters to assist in the emergency response.[11] Tourism{{unreferenced section|date=May 2015}}Bujumbura's main attractions consist of its many beaches, parks and monuments. Some of the most popular attractions are:
Politics{{hidden begin|title = List of mayors of Bujumbura |titlestyle = background:#F8F8FF;width:60% }}
SportsBujumbura is the location for the city's multisport Prince Louis Rwagasore stadium. Mainly used for football games, it is the country's largest stadium with 22,000 seats. The city is also home to multiple Basketball and Tennis courts, as well as a multitude of indoor and outdoor swimming pools. InfrastructureThe University of Burundi is in Bujumbura, as are Hope Africa University and Université du Lac Tanganyika. International schools:
TransportThe Bujumbura International Airport is situated on the outskirts of the city. Public transport in Bujumbura mainly consists of taxis and mini-buses, locally known as the Hiace. Public transport vehicles are generally white and blue. Bujumbura's taxis are abundant all over the city, and are considered the safest form of transportation. They are relatively cheap, ranging from 1500-10000 Burundian Francs (approx. $1–$6.50 USD),[15] although taxi drivers are always willing to negotiate. Even cheaper options are the city's taxi-motos (motorcycle taxis) and taxis-vélos (bicycle taxis), although they are only available in certain parts of the city. For long distance travels, locals prefer to take the many Hiace full-size vans, which travel regularly across Burundi. Bujumbura's main bus terminal is located by the Central Market. Health and medicineBujumbura is also home to many clinics and the province's main hospitals: the Prince Regent Charles Hospital, the Roi Khaled Hospital, and the Military Hospital. GalleryCulture and artsBujumbura was also home of the independent weekly radio programme Imagine Burundi, the country's first locally produced English-language programme that focused on stories about life in the region. The show was broadcast from September 2010 to August 2013, and recordings are archived on the show's website at imagineburundi.com.[16] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2q45I5qc-M|title="Top Burundi army officer and his wife gunned down in Bujumbura"|work=CGTN News|date=25 April 2016|accessdate=1 March 2019}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Burundi-names-Gitega-as-new-capital/4552908-4906718-ckc120/index.html|title=Burundi names Gitega as new capital|work=theeastafrican|date=22 December 2018|accessdate=25 December 2018}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web| last = Franks| first = Tim| title = Burundi: Where jogging is a crime| work = BBC News| accessdate = 2014-06-18| date = 2014-06-15| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-27818254}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web| title = Burundi MSD opposition 'joggers' get life sentences| work = BBC News| accessdate = 2014-06-18| date = 2014-03-21| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26681586}} 5. ^L’administration de la Municipalité de Bujumbura, official city website {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206051231/http://www.villedebujumbura.org/spip.php?article3 |date=February 6, 2009 }} 6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/1073/ |title=Bujumbura - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |accessdate=2014-07-28 }} 7. ^{{cite web| title = World Weather Information Service - Bujumbura| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1519| publisher = World Meteorological Organization| accessdate = January 23, 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_643900_kt.pdf| title = Klimatafel von Bujumbura (Usambara) / Burundi| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst| language = German| accessdate = December 19, 2018}} 9. ^Burundi: vaste incendie au marché central de Bujumbura Radio France internationale, 27 janvier 2013 10. ^Incendie au marché central de Bujumbura: des Sénégalais dans la désolation Agoravox, 25 Février 2013 11. ^Rwandan Helicopters Extinguish Fire in Bujumbura Market "IGIHE", 27 janvier, 2013 12. ^{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206051302/http://www.villedebujumbura.org/spip.php?article48 |url=http://www.villedebujumbura.org:80/spip.php?article48 |deadurl=yes |language=fr |title=Succession à la tête de la Mairie de Bujumbura |work=Villedebujumbura.org |publisher=Mairie de Bujumbura |archivedate=6 February 2009 |access-date=1 July 2018 |df=dmy-all }} 13. ^{{citation |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20111005-burundi-le-maire-bujumbura-absent-son-proces |language=fr |work= Rfi.fr |date=5 October 2011 |title=Burundi: le maire de Bujumbura absent à son procès }} 14. ^{{citation |url=http://www.isanganiro.org/spip.php?article2956 |language=fr |work=Isanganiro.org |location=Burundi |title=Le sénat approuve 7 gouverneurs |date=25 October 2012 }} 15. ^Bujumbura ENJOY BURUNDI, 2011 16. ^ [https://imagineburundi.com Imagine Burundi] "Imagine Burundi", 1 juillet 2012 BibliographySee also: Bibliography of the history of Bujumbura External links{{Commons category|Bujumbura}}
6 : Bujumbura|Cities in the Great Rift Valley|Lake Tanganyika|Populated places in Burundi|Populated places established in 1871|1871 establishments in Africa |
||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。