| 词条 | Charlotte of Bourbon |
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| name = Charlotte of Bourbon | image = Charlottebourbon.jpg | succession = Princess consort of Orange | reign = 24 June 1575 – 5 May 1582 | reign-type= Tenure | birth_date = 1546/1547 | death_date = 5 May 1582 (aged 35–36) | death_place = Antwerp | spouse = William I, Prince of Orange | father = Louis, Duke of Montpensier | mother = Jacqueline de Longwy | issue = Louise Juliana, Electress Palatine Elisabeth, Duchess of Bouillon Catharina Belgica, Countess of Hanau-Münzenberg Countess Charlotte Flandrina Charlotte Brabantina, Duchess of Thouars Emilia Antwerpiana, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken-Landsberg | house = Bourbon-Montpensier }} Charlotte of Bourbon (1546/1547 – 5 May 1582) was a Princess consort of Orange as the third spouse of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish. She was the fourth daughter of Louis, Duke of Montpensier and Jacqueline de Longwy, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine. BiographyHer paternal grandparents were Louis, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon and Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier. Her maternal grandparents were John IV de Longwy, Baron of Pagny, and Jeanne of Angoulême, illegitimate half-sister of King Francis I of France. Her mother, Jacqueline, was a believer in the Reformed doctrines, and she secretly taught them to her children. By some accounts, Charlotte's father determined to thwart his wife's influence by sending three of his daughters to convents. Charlotte was then only thirteen years old and begged to be allowed to stay with her mother, who died during the time Charlotte was in the convent.[1] Her father, influential in the court of Catherine de' Medici, placed her in the royal convent of Jouarre, near Meaux, to be raised as a nun. When she was professed as a nun at the age of thirteen, she made a formal written protest.[2] Other sources claim that Louis simply wanted to avoid paying dowries in order to conserve his only son's patrimony. Charlotte was first sent to Jouarre, where her aunt was abbess, as an infant. The plan for Charlotte was to renounce her inheritance and succeed her aunt. This plan was carried out upon the aunt's death, against Charlotte's wishes, and despite her being only 12. While abbess, Charlotte was secretly instructed in Calvinism by a dissident priest.[3] The young Charlotte shocked both her family and the royal court by escaping the convent in 1572, announcing her conversion to Calvinism and, on the advice of Jeanne d'Albret, fleeing to the Electorate of the Palatinate, well beyond her parents' reach.[4] On 24 June 1575 Charlotte married the Protestant William, Prince of Orange. They had six daughters, including Louise Juliana of Nassau, from whom descended the House of Hanover and most other (Protestant) royal houses. The marriage was very happy–it is said to have been the only one of William's four marriages which was for love–and the obvious happiness of the couple increased William's popularity.[5] Charlotte allegedly died from exhaustion while trying to nurse her husband after an assassination attempt in 1582.[6] Though William was outwardly stoical, it was feared that his grief might cause a fatal relapse. Charlotte's death was widely mourned.[7] Following her death, William married on 24 April 1583, his fourth and last wife, Louise de Coligny, by whom he had a son Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. William's brother John, who had initially opposed the marriage, paid tribute to Charlotte as a wife "so distinguished by her virtue, her piety, her great intelligence, in sum as perfect as he (William) could desire her".[8] References1. ^Famous Women of the Reformed Church|date=1901 page=103} 2. ^{{cite book | authors=Robin, Larsen and Levin | year=2007 |title=Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England |page=56 }} 3. ^Wedgwood, C.V. William the Silent, Jonathan Cape, 1944, p. 153 4. ^Charmarie Blaisdell, ‘Religion, Gender, and Class: Nuns and Authority in Early Modern France’, in Michael Wolfe (ed.), Changing Identities in Early Modern France (London, 1997), pp.147–168, p155 5. ^Wedgwood, C.V. William the Silent Phoenix Press 2001 p.152 6. ^Wedgwood p. 235 7. ^Wedgwood, p.235 8. ^Wedgwood, p.157 Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Charlotte de Bourbon |2= 2. Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier |3= 3. Jacqueline de Longwy |4= 4. Louis de Bourbon, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon |5= 5. Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier |6= 6. Jean de Longwy |7= 7. Jeanne d'Angoulême, Légitimée d'Angoulême |8= 8. Jean de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme |9= 9. Isabelle de Beauvau |10= 10. Gilbert de Bourbon, Count of Montpensier |11= 11. Clara Gonzaga |12= 12. Philippe de Longvy, Lord of Givry |13= 13. Jeanne de Bauffremont, |14= 14. Charles d'Orléans, Count of Angoulême |15= 15. Antoinette de Polignac |16= 16. Louis de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme |17= 17. Jeanne de Laval |18= 18. Louis de Beauvau, Seneschal of Anjou |19= 19. Marguerite de Chambley |20= 20. Louis de Bourbon, Count of Montpensier |21= 21. Jeanne d'Auvergne |22= 22. Federico Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua |23= 23. Duchess Margaret of Bavaria |24= 24. Jean de Longvy, Lord of Givry |25= 25. Jeanne de Vienne |26= 26. Pierre de Bauffremont, Count of Charny |27= 27. Marie de Bourgogne Illegitimate daughter of Philip the Good |28= 28. John of Orléans, Count of Angoulême and of Périgord |29= 29. Marguerite de Rohan |30= 30. Foucaud de Polignac |31= 31. Agnès de Chabanais }} Bibliography{{Commons category|Charlotte of Bourbon}}
17 : 1540s births|1582 deaths|16th-century Calvinist and Reformed Christians|16th-century Dutch people|16th-century French people|16th-century French women|16th-century Dutch women|Converts to Calvinism from Roman Catholicism|Dutch Calvinist and Reformed Christians|French Calvinist and Reformed Christians|French nobility|French people of the Eighty Years' War|House of Bourbon|House of Bourbon (France)|House of Orange-Nassau|Princesses of Orange|William the Silent |
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