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词条 Bulawayo
释义

  1. History

     Siege  Modern city 

  2. Geography

     Cityscape   Suburbs   Topography  Climate   Water supply  

  3. Demographics

     Population census controversy 

  4. Economy

     Important buildings and infrastructure 

  5. Government

      Bulawayo City Council  

  6. Attractions and amenities

     Museums  Parks 

  7. Sports

  8. Infrastructure

     Transport  Healthcare 

  9. Education

      Primary schools    Secondary and high schools    Schools outside Bulawayo    Higher education  

  10. Media

      Newspapers  

  11. Notable people

  12. Sister cities

  13. See also

  14. References

  15. Bibliography

{{About|the city in Zimbabwe|the royal kraal of the Zulu empire|Bulawayo (Zulu empire)}}{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}{{Infobox settlement


| image_cbd = Bulawayo-rhodes-c1925.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| image_skyline = Bulawayo CBD.jpg
| image_caption = View of Bulawayo's Central Business District (CBD) from Pioneer House by Prince Phumulani Nyoni. The CBD is 5.4 square kilometres and is in a grid pattern with 17 avenues and 11 streets.
| image_flag = Flag of Bulawayo.svg
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| image_shield = Bulawayo Zimbabwe COA.svg
| shield_size =
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_type =
| blank_emblem_size =
| image_map = Bulawayo district.png
| mapsize =
| map_caption = Location in Bulawayo Province
| pushpin_map = Zimbabwe
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| parts_type = Divisions
 
| parts = 4 Districts, 29 Wards, 156 Suburbs

| subdivision_type = Country


| subdivision_name = Zimbabwe
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Bulawayo
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = City of Bulawayo
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = Provincial Municipality
| leader_title = Mayor
| native_name = koBulawayo
| leader_name = Solomon Mguni
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| established_title = Settled
| established_date = 1840
| established_title2 = Incorporated (town)
| established_date2 = 1897
| established_title3 = Incorporated (city)
| established_date3 = 1943| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 1706.8
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 = 129.3
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 = 993.5
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 = 1706.8
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_footnotes =
| population_note =
| population_total = 1200337
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_urban = 1205,675
| population_density_urban_km2 = 2305
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_demonym =
| timezone = CAT
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = not observed
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|20|10|12|S|28|34|48|E|region:ZW|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = [1]
| elevation_m = 1358
| elevation_ft =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code = 9
| blank_name = Climate
| blank_info = Cwa
| blank_name_sec1 = HDI (2017)
| blank_info_sec1 = 0.649[2]
{{color|#fc0|medium}} · 1st
| website = {{url|http://citybyo.co.zw}}
}}

Bulawayo (Ndebele: koBulawayo) is the second largest city in Zimbabwe, and the largest city in the country's Matabeleland. The city's population is disputed; the 2012 census listed it at 653,337, while the Bulawayo City Council claimed it to be about 1.2 million. Bulawayo covers an area of about {{convert|1,707|km2|sqmi|abbr=}} in the western part of the country, along the Matsh' Amhlope River. Along with the capital Harare, Bulawayo is one of two cities in Zimbabwe that are also a province.

Bulawayo was founded around 1840 as the kraal of Mzilikazi, the Ndebele king. His son, Lobengula, succeeded him in the 1860s, and ruled from Bulawayo until 1893, when the settlement was captured by British South Africa Company soldiers during the First Matabele War. That year, the first white settlers arrived and rebuilt the town. The town was besieged by Ndebele warriors during the Second Matabele War. Bulawayo attained municipality status in 1897, and city status in 1943.

Bulawayo is, at least historically, the principal industrial centre of Zimbabwe; its factories produce cars and car products, building materials, electronic products, textiles, furniture, and food products. Bulawayo is also the hub of Zimbabwe's rail network and the headquarters of the National Railways of Zimbabwe.In recent years, the city's economy has struggled as many factories either closed or moved operations to Harare. Still, Bulawayo has the highest Human Development Index in the country, at .649 as of 2017.

Bulawayo's central business district (CBD) covers {{convert|5.4|km2|sqmi|abbr=}} in the heart of the city, and is surrounded by numerous suburbs towards the outskirts. The majority of the city's population belong to the Ndebele people, with minorities of Shona and other groups. Bulawayo is home to over a dozen colleges and universities, most notably the National University of Science and Technology. The Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, formerly the National Museum, is located in Bulawayo, and the city is in close proximity to popular tourist sites like Matobo National Park and the Khami Ruins, and World Heritage Site.

History

{{see also|Timeline of Bulawayo}}

The city was founded by the Ndebele king, Lobhengula, the son of King Mzilikazi born of Matshobana who settled in modern-day Zimbabwe around the 1840s after the Ndebele people's great trek from Nguniland. The name Bulawayo comes from the Ndebele word KoBulawayo meaning "a place where he is being killed". It is thought that, at the time of the formation of the city, there was a civil war. A group of Ndebeles not aligned to Prince Lobengula were fighting him as they felt he was not the heir to the throne, hence he gave his capital the name "where he (the prince) is being killed". It is said that when King Lobengula named the place "KoBulawayo" his generals asked "who is being killed mtanenkosi (prince)?" and he replied "Yimi umntwanenkosi engibulawayo", meaning "it's me, the prince, who is being killed". At the time Lobengula was a prince fighting to ascend his father's (Mzilikazi) throne. It was common at the time for people to refer to Bulawayo as "KoBulawayo UmntwaneNkosi" "a place where they are fighting or rising against the prince". The name Bulawayo is imported from Nguniland which was once occupied by the Khumalo people. The place still exists: It is next to Richards Bay.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}

In the 1860s the city was further influenced by European intrigue, and many colonial powers cast covetous eyes on Bulawayo and the land surrounding it. Britain made skillful use of private initiative in the shape of Cecil Rhodes and the Chartered Company to disarm the suspicion of her rivals. Lobengula once described Britain as a chameleon and himself as the fly.[3]

During the 1893 Matabele War, the invasion by British South Africa Company troops forced King Lobengula to evacuate his followers, after first detonating munitions and setting fire to the town.[4] BSAC troops and white settlers occupied the ruins. On 4 November 1893, Leander Starr Jameson declared Bulawayo a settlement under the rule of the British South Africa Company. Cecil Rhodes ordained that the new settlement be founded on the ruins of Lobengula's royal kraal, which is where the State House stands today. In 1897, the new town of Bulawayo acquired the status of municipality, and Lt. Col. Harry White became one of the first mayors.[5]

Siege

At the outbreak of the Second Matabele War, in March 1896, Bulawayo was besieged by Ndebele forces, and a laager was established there for defensive purposes. The Ndebele had experienced the brutal effectiveness of the British Maxim guns in the First Matabele War, so they never mounted a significant attack against Bulawayo, even though over 10,000 Ndebele warriors could be seen near the town. Rather than wait passively, the settlers mounted patrols, called the Bulawayo Field Force, under Frederick Selous and Frederick Russell Burnham. These patrols rode out to rescue any surviving settlers in the countryside and attacked the Ndebele. In the first week of fighting, 20 men of the Bulawayo Field Force were killed and 50 were wounded. An unknown number of Ndebele were killed and wounded.

During the siege, conditions in Bulawayo quickly deteriorated. By day, settlers could go to homes and buildings in the town, but at night they were forced to seek shelter in the much smaller laager. Nearly 1,000 women and children were crowded into the small area and false alarms of attacks were common. The Ndebele made a critical error during the siege in neglecting to cut the telegraph lines connecting Bulawayo to Mafikeng. This gave the besieged Bulawayo Field Force and the British relief forces, coming from Salisbury and Fort Victoria (now Harare and Masvingo respectively) 300 miles to the north, and from Kimberley and Mafeking 600 miles to the south, far more information than they would otherwise have had. Once the relief forces arrived in late May 1896, the siege was broken and an estimated 50,000 Ndebele retreated into their stronghold, the Matobo Hills near Bulawayo. Not until October 1896 would the Ndebele finally lay down their arms to the invaders.

{{-}}

Modern city

In 1943 Bulawayo received city status.

In recent years, Bulawayo has experienced a sharp fall in living standards coinciding with the severe economic crisis affecting the country. The main problems include poor investment, reluctance by government to improve infrastructure and corruption and nepotism leading to most original dwellers of the city migrating south to the neighbouring South Africa. Water shortages due to lack of expansion in facilities and supplies have become steadily more acute since 1992. Cholera broke out in 2008. Though the city is the centre of the southern population generally categorized as the Matebele, the composition of the city is made up of people from all over the country thereby making it the friendliest city in Zimbabwe as it is built on a foundation of tolerance and acceptance of different cultures. The Central Business District has the widest roads which were deliberately made so to accommodate the carts that were used as a primary means of transport back when the town was planned and erected.

Bulawayo is nicknamed the "City of Kings" or "kontuthu ziyathunqa"—a Ndebele phrase for "smoke arising". This name arose from the city's historically large industrial base and specifically draws from the large cooling towers of the coal powered electricity generating plant situated in the city centre that once used to billow steam and smoke over the city.[6] The majority of Bulawayo's population belongs to the Ndebele ethnic and language group (otherwise known as Northern Ndebele).[7]

Geography


Cityscape

Suburbs

{{Main category|Suburbs of Bulawayo}}
No Suburb/location Origin of name
1AscotAdjoining the Bulawayo Ascot race-course
2Barbour FieldsThe suburb was named after a former mayor, H. R. Barbour, who during the colonial era was greatly interested in the welfare of the indigenous people. There is a place called Barbour in Argyll & Bute. Barbour is a Scottish family name, though it was apparently first recorded on the English side of the border, in Cumberland and Northumberland. The father of Scottish vernacular poetry, John Barbour (1320–1395), is best remembered for his epic poem "The Brus", telling the story of King Robert I. The origin of the name is occupational (a cutter of hair as well as an extractor of teeth during the Middle Ages).
3Barham GreenThe suburb was named after two people. The first was a former Bulawayo City Councillor (who later became an Alderman) Mrs. M. E. Barham, M.B.E. and the other was Rev. Rufus Green. They were critical in the establishment of this suburb. During the colonial Rhodesia era, it was designated for the Coloured community.
4Beacon HillAlso known as Beryl Drive, reference is made to fact that it is the high point of the suburbs and possesses the areas with the highest marking beacon at its summit.
5BellevueThe suburb was named after the estate name. It is sometimes spelled Belle Vue. The origin of this universally popular place name is ultimately French – "beautiful view".
6Belmont
7Belmont Industrial AreaThe area was named after a former Bulawayo City Engineer, Mr. Kinmont.
8BradfieldThe suburb was named after Edwin Eugene Bradfield, a pioneer.
9BurnsideThis area used to be a portion of former town council area and used to be part of Matsheumhlope Farms. The name is derived from the reference to the River Matsheumhlophe. "Burn" is a Scottish and northern English word for a stream.
10CementThis was named after the surrounding industrial area, responsible for the making of cement.
11Cowdray Park
12Donnington
13Donnington West
14DouglasdaleThe Douglas family, descendants of William de Duglas (late 12th century), was one of the most powerful in Scotland.
15Eloana
16EmakhandeniEmakhandeni is the isiNdebele name for Fort Rixon, which was the area where the regiment aMakhanda were located. eMakhandeni is the locative term.
17EmganwiniReference is made to the plentiful amarula trees in the vicinity.
18Enqameni
19Enqotsheni
20EntumbaneThis is where King Mzilikazi was buried. It is one of the dozens of high-density suburbs of Bulawayo, commonly referred to as the "Western Suburbs". The first disturbances that led to the Gukurahundi were sparked in Entumbane, hence the term "Impi ye Ntumbane" that refers to the disturbances.
21Estate name
22Estate name
23Fagadola
24FamonaThe suburb was named after Famona, one of the daughters of King Lobengula. It means jealousy or envy must end (literally, "die").
25Fortunes Gate (including Mtaba Moya)The suburb's name comes from the original property name, and the gates are those of the original market building.
26Four WindsThe suburb name comes from the original property name; the first house was on top of a hill.
27GlencoeThis name is etched into the Scottish psyche as the bleak glen in the Highlands where, in 1692, a party of MacDonald men, women, and children were treacherously massacred by the Campbells, who were acting under government orders.
28GlengaryThe suburb was named after its estate name. The "Glengarry" bonnet is an oblong woollen cap, popular amongst pipe bands.
29Glenville (including Richmond South)The suburb was named after its estate name.
30Granite Park
31GreenhillThe suburb's name is a reference to scenery and topography.
32GwabalandaNamed after a Ndebele chief, Gwabalanda Mathe.
33Harrisvale
34Helenvale
35Highmount
36HillcrestThe suburb's name comes from the reference to topography. It is Greenhill's crest.
37HillsideThe suburb's name is a reference to topography (Greenhill's slope).
38Hillside SouthThe suburb's name comes from its position as the south facing slope of Greenhill.
39Hume Park"Hume"/"Home" is a Lowland Scottish family name.
40Hyde ParkThe name originates from the large number of residents who trace their ancestry to England.
41IlandaNdebele name for the egret
42IminyelaThis is the name of a type of tree common in the area.
43IntiniThe name was given as a commemoration to the Mhlanga family, who originally set out with the Khumalo family under Mzilikazi as gratitude to their contribution to the Ndebele Kingdom, Mthwakazi. The Ntini is the totem of the Mhlanga-Mabuya clan.
44JacarandaThis is a reference to the jacaranda trees.
45Kelvin (Industrial area, includes North East and West)The area was named in reference to a suburb of Glasgow. It takes its name from the River Kelvin, a tributary of the River Clyde.
46KenilworthThe suburb was named after its estate name.
47KhumaloThe suburb was named after the Royal Clan of the Matabele. The Khumalo hockey stadium is here.
48Khumalo NorthThis is a reference to the position of Kumalo suburb.
49Kilallo
50Killarney
51Kingsdale
52LakesideLakeside is the stretch of water at the junction of the Old Essexvale Road and the road to the suburb of Waterford, and then on to Hope Fountain Mission.
53LobhengulaIt is named after the second and last Matabele King, Lobengula.
54LobenvaleThe suburb's name is derived from a combination of King Lobengula's name and Umguza Valley.
55LochviewThe suburb's name is in reference to Lakeside Dam and is famous in the city for its large Scottish residents and the Scottish style houses. According to the Bulawayo City Suburb Names website, the suburb was named in reference to Lakeside Dam.
56LuveveNamed after Ndebele chief Luveve; established in 1935
57MabuthweniThe suburb's name means "where the soldiers are"; the name was given in reference to a bachelors' quarters.
58MagwegweThe suburb name is named after Magwegwe, who was one of the significant people in King Lobengula's royal Bulawayo town.
59Magwegwe NorthThis is a reference to the position relative to that of Magwegwe.
60Magwegwe WestThis is a reference to the position relative to that of Magwegwe.
61MahatshulaMahatshula is named after one of the Ndebele Indunas, Mahatshula Ndiweni.
62MakhokhobaThe suburb got its name from the actions of Mr. Fallon, who used walk around with a stick. The name comes from the word "umakhokhoba" which was how the locals referred to Fallon, meaning "the little old man who walks with a stick". The word actually describes the noise of the stick hitting the ground, ko-ko-ko, or the doors. It is the oldest African dwelling in the city. Political activism was rife in the pre-Zapu era.
63MalindelaThe suburb was named after the mother of Faluta, who was the mother of Lobengula, i.e., after Lobengula's maternal grandmother.
64ManningdaleIt is named after the developer of the suburb.
65Marlands
66MatsheumhlopeThe name comes from the association with the river ("White Stones"). White stones in Ndebele Proper and Zulu language are "amatshe amhlope".
67MatshobanaThe suburb was named after Matshobana, who was a chief of the Khumalo clan and more significantly he was the father of Mzilikazi, the founder of the Ndebele Kingdom.
68MontgomeryIt is named after Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, a decorated British Army commander.
69MontroseThe suburb was named by the estate developers, and street names are of many Cotswolds villages and towns.
70Morningside
71MphophomaThe name comes from a descriptive Ndebele name for the area, which was derived from the sound the Mpopoma River makes when flowing.
72MundaThe Tonga name for a plot of land on which people would farm
73MzilikaziThe suburb was named after the founder of uMthwakazi, King Mzilikazi. It is a stone's throw away from Barbourfields suburb, separated by a road called Ambulance Drive that leads to one of Zimbabwe's large hospitals, Mpilo.
74New LuveveReference is made to the suburb Luveve; see Luveve suburb.
75Newsmansford
76NewtonEstate name
77Newton WestReference to position (Newton)
78NguboyenjaNamed after Lobengula's son and heir
79NjubeNamed after one of Lobengula's sons
80NketaIt is named after the traditional heritage site of Nketa Hill on which King Lobengula assembled his entire kingdom and divided its citizens according to cultural ethnicity and stages of incorporation into three groups: the Zansi which is Xhosa for "south", referring to the people who left the Zulu Kingdom originally; the Enhla or Nxele, which referred to the second mass incorporated group, which was the Swati, Pedi, and Sotho, with whom they settled in Mhlahlandela 1; the final group was the Hole /ˈxɒli, which constituted of the Shona, Kalanga and Bakwena. Most historians argued that this was clear evidence of Lobengula's lack of foresight and political tact as he was literally undoing what his father had spent his lifetime trying to achieve: a unified kingdom with a single identity.
81NkulumaneOne of the sons of King Mzilikazi and heir, founder of the Matebele kingdom
82North EndReference to the direction of the suburb
83North Lynne
84North TrenanceReference to position relative to that of Trenance
85Northlea
86NorthvaleFormer town council area; reference to position and (Umguza) valley
87Ntaba Moyo
88Orange Grove
89PaddonhurstNamed after Major Cecil Paddon, O.B.E. (pioneer)
90ParklandsEstate name; Park Lands estate A (portion of original grant to Dominican Sisters)
91ParkviewSituated on the location adjacent to the Centenary Park and proposed location of Bulawayo Zoo
92PhelandabaPhelandaba translates as "the matter is concluded", a reference to the successful conclusion to the struggle for security.
93PhumulaPhumula means "a resting place", reference to the fact that many have built homes there to retire to.
94Phumula SouthNamed in reference to relative position of Pumula
95Queens ParkA reference to the Queen and the three main roads – Victoria, Alexandra and Elizabeth
96Queens Park EastA reference to the position relative to that of Queen Park
97Queens Park WestA reference to the position relative to that of Queen Park
98Queensdale
99RangemoreThe suburb adopted the original estate name.
100RayltonThe suburb adopted the original estate name.
101Richmond
102RiversideDerived from the original estate name, which was in reference to the Umguza River
103Romney ParkThe suburb was named after George Romney, a British painter.
104SauerstownNamed after Dr. Han Sauer, original owner of the land
105Selbourne ParkNamed after the main road of Selbourne Avenue, now called L. Takawira Avenue, facing Ascot Mansions
106SizindaBattle regiment of Mzilikazi of the Matabele
107Southdale
108SouththwoldThe suburb was named by the estate developers, and street names are of many Cotswolds villages and towns.
109SteeldaleComposite name referring to industry
110SuburbsThis was the first suburb in Bulawayo and retained that name. The suburb has many tree-lined avenues and is where the Centenary Park, Natural History Museum and the Bulawayo Athletic Club are found.
111SunninghillAfter British royal residence (given to present Queen at time of marriage)
112SunnysideChosen from list of suggested names
113TegelaThe name is derived from a Ndebele word ukwethekela meaning "to visit".
114The Jungle
115ThorngroveThe suburb's name came from the large number of mimosa (thorn) trees in the area.
116Trenance
117TshabalalaThis is the "isibongo" or praise name for Lobengula's mother, Fulata, who was of Swazi extraction.
118Tshabalala ExtensionExtension in reference to the suburb of Tshabalala
119Umguza EstateNamed after the Umguza River which runs through it
120Upper RangemoreName in reference to Rangemore suburb
121Waterford
122Waterlea
123West Somerton
124Westgate
125Westondale
126Willsgrove
127Windsor ParkNamed after English town or Guildford Castle grounds
128WoodlandsChosen from a list of suggested names
129Woodville
130Woodville Park

Retained the old estate name.[8][9]

Topography

The city sits on a plain that marks the Highveld of Zimbabwe and is close to the watershed between the Zambezi and Limpopo drainage basins. The land slopes gently downwards to the north and northwest. The southern side is hillier, and the land becomes more broken in the direction of the Matobo Hills to the south.

Climate

Due to its relatively high altitude, the city has a subtropical climate despite lying in the tropics. Under the Köppen climate classification, Bulawayo features a semiarid climate (BSh). The mean annual temperature is 19.16 °C (66.44 °F),[10] similar to Pretoria at a similar altitude but almost 600 km (373 mi) farther north. As with much of southern and eastern Zimbabwe, Bulawayo is cooled by a prevailing southeasterly airflow most of the year and experiences three broad seasons: a dry, cool winter season from May to August; a hot dry period in early summer from late August to early November; and a warm wet period in the rest of the summer, early November to April. The hottest month is October, which is usually the height of the dry season. The average maximum temperature ranges from 21 °C (70 °F) in July to 30 °C (86 °F) in October. During the rainy season, daytime maxima are around 26 °C (79 °F). Nights are always cool, ranging from 8 °C (46 °F) in July to 16 °C (61 °F) in January.

The city's average annual rainfall is {{convert|594|mm|0|abbr=on}}, which supports a natural vegetation of open woodland, dominated by Combretum and Terminalia trees. Most rain falls in the December to February period, while June to August is usually rainless. Being close to the Kalahari Desert, Bulawayo is vulnerable to droughts and rainfall tends to vary sharply from one year to another. In 1978, {{convert|888|mm|0|abbr=on}} of rain fell in the three months up to February (February 1944 is the wettest month on record with 368mm) while in the three months ending February 1983, only {{convert|84|mm|0|abbr=on}} fell.

{{Weather box
|location=Bulawayo
|metric first=Y
|single line=Y
|Jan record high C = 36.7
|Feb record high C = 34.4
|Mar record high C = 35.6
|Apr record high C = 33.0
|May record high C = 30.6
|Jun record high C = 28.3
|Jul record high C = 28.3
|Aug record high C = 32.2
|Sep record high C = 35.0
|Oct record high C = 36.7
|Nov record high C = 37.2
|Dec record high C = 35.2
|year record high C = 37.2
|Jan high C = 27.7
|Feb high C = 27.2
|Mar high C = 27.1
|Apr high C = 25.9
|May high C = 24.1
|Jun high C = 21.6
|Jul high C = 21.5
|Aug high C = 24.4
|Sep high C = 27.9
|Oct high C = 29.4
|Nov high C = 28.7
|Dec high C = 27.7
|year high C = 26.1
|Jan mean C = 21.8
|Feb mean C = 21.2
|Mar mean C = 20.6
|Apr mean C = 18.7
|May mean C = 16.0
|Jun mean C = 13.7
|Jul mean C = 13.8
|Aug mean C = 16.4
|Sep mean C = 19.9
|Oct mean C = 21.6
|Nov mean C = 21.7
|Dec mean C = 21.4
|year mean C = 18.9
|Jan low C = 16.5
|Feb low C = 16.2
|Mar low C = 15.3
|Apr low C = 13.0
|May low C = 9.9
|Jun low C = 7.4
|Jul low C = 7.2
|Aug low C = 9.1
|Sep low C = 12.4
|Oct low C = 15.0
|Nov low C = 16.0
|Dec low C = 16.3
|year low C = 12.9
|Jan record low C = 10.0
|Feb record low C = 9.4
|Mar record low C = 8.4
|Apr record low C = 3.5
|May record low C = 0.0
|Jun record low C = -3.9
|Jul record low C = 0.0
|Aug record low C = 0.0
|Sep record low C = 1.4
|Oct record low C = 6.9
|Nov record low C = 7.2
|Dec record low C = 8.9
|year record low C = -3.9
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 117.8
|Feb rain mm = 104.6
|Mar rain mm = 51.4
|Apr rain mm = 33.3
|May rain mm = 7.0
|Jun rain mm = 2.2
|Jul rain mm = 1.0
|Aug rain mm = 1.4
|Sep rain mm = 7.0
|Oct rain mm = 38.4
|Nov rain mm = 91.1
|Dec rain mm = 120.3
|year rain mm = 575.5
|Jan rain days = 10
|Feb rain days = 8
|Mar rain days = 5
|Apr rain days = 3
|May rain days = 1
|Jun rain days = 1
|Jul rain days = 0
|Aug rain days = 0
|Sep rain days = 1
|Oct rain days = 4
|Nov rain days = 8
|Dec rain days = 10
|year rain days = 51
|Jan humidity = 69
|Feb humidity = 71
|Mar humidity = 70
|Apr humidity = 62
|May humidity = 56
|Jun humidity = 54
|Jul humidity = 48
|Aug humidity = 43
|Sep humidity = 41
|Oct humidity = 43
|Nov humidity = 55
|Dec humidity = 63
|year humidity = 56
|Jan sun = 244.9
|Feb sun = 212.8
|Mar sun = 251.1
|Apr sun = 252.0
|May sun = 279.0
|Jun sun = 267.0
|Jul sun = 288.3
|Aug sun = 300.7
|Sep sun = 288.0
|Oct sun = 272.8
|Nov sun = 237.0
|Dec sun = 226.3
|year sun = 3119.9
|Jand sun = 7.9
|Febd sun = 7.6
|Mard sun = 8.1
|Aprd sun = 8.4
|Mayd sun = 9.0
|Jund sun = 8.9
|Juld sun = 9.3
|Augd sun = 9.7
|Sepd sun = 9.6
|Octd sun = 8.8
|Novd sun = 7.9
|Decd sun = 7.3
|yeard sun = 8.5
|source 1 = World Meteorological Organization[11] NOAA (sun and mean temperature, 1961–1990)[12]
|source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes and humidity)[13]
}}

Water supply

Bulawayo has good quality tap water owing to the management of the water authorities, meeting international standards . Bulawayo does not recycle waste water but uses treated waste water for irrigation.

Bulawayo experiences water shortages in drought seasons due to the overwhelming increase in population versus the static and sometimes decreasing capacity of the reserve dams. The geographical factors causing water scarcity are rising temperatures, the area's high elevation and the arid environment of Matabeleland. Bulawayo provides residents with water by using a system of dams, treatment plants, and reservoirs.

Environmental and sanitation circumstances have detrimental effects on water quality. Sources such as groundwater and tap water are subject to pollution due to waste from burst sewers contaminating them. Samples taken from well water from the Pumula and Robert Sinyoka suburbs show that well water maintain levels of coliform higher than the Standards Association of Zimbabwe and World Health Organization give.[14][15]

Demographics

Population census controversy

{{POV|section|date=May 2016}}{{refimprove section|date=May 2016}}{{Historical populations
|title =
|type =
|align =
|width =
|state =
|shading =
|pop_name =
|percentages =
|footnote =
|source = Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)
|1992 | 620,936
|2002 | 676,650
|2012 | 653,337

}}The population of Bulawayo, according to the 2012 national census, stood at 653,337;[16] however, this figure has been rejected by the Bulawayo City Council authority with Councillor Martin Moyo claiming an anti-Bulawayo conspiracy to under-fund projects in the city.[17][18]

The population of the city according to metropolitan council sources is closer to 1.5 million and a more closer and estimated figure being 1.2 million.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} Reports have alluded to the de-industrialization of the city as the reason for its population decline, a claim which was rubbished as council officials referred to the fact that, in 1992 the city's population stood at 620,936. It had grown in the number of households due to urban expansion. City authorities also laid claim to the fact that the current water challenges facing the city were a result of an increasing population despite its economic challenges.

Economy

Bulawayo was known as the industrial hub of Zimbabwe. This is the reason why the Zimbabwe International Trade Fair is hosted in Bulawayo. It had a large manufacturing presence with large industries based here before Zimbabwe's economic collapse. However, some of these companies have either moved operations to Harare or have closed down — which has crippled Bulawayo's economy. Most factories are deserted and the infrastructure has since been left to deteriorate. The reason for the de-industrialization has largely been political with some factories like Gold Star sugar company removing machinery that was installed during colonial times to open new factories in Harare . When Government passed Indegenisation laws some successful businesses were taken over by Zanu PF people only to close down a fews years later.

Many locals argue that it is because of marginalisation they experience against the government due to cultural differences between the Shona in Harare and the Ndebele in Bulawayo because the National railways of Zimbabwe (headquarters in Bulawayo) is a government parastatal and, as such, should have been thriving had it not been for embezzlement of funds by company executives who are believed to be Shona. The water issue is not new and had brought about the "help a thirsty Matabele" initiative of the 1970s and the Matabeleland Zambezi Water Project which would put an end to the water issue in Matabeleland was drafted; however, this project was put on hold soon after independence.

These allegations have all been labeled hogwash by the relevant authorities. However, they have only fueled the secessionist initiative into a general opinion. The city still contains most of what remains of Zimbabwe's heavy industry and food processing capability. This includes a thermal power station that resumed operations in February 2011 after a capitalisation deal with the Government of Botswana where Bulawayo would supply 45 megawatts in three years.

Like many parts of the country, Bulawayo has for the past ten years{{when|date=November 2017}} seen a huge drop in service delivery and an increase in unemployment due to the resignations of people seeking better prospects across the border. Many people resorted to farming, mining, and the black market for sustenance, while others depended on the little foreign currency that would be sent by family in other countries. However, with the introduction of the multi-currency system in 2009, a new approach is seen by investors in the city who admire the already-available infrastructure; the huge workforce; and Bulawayo as great prospects. It is set to once again contribute greatly to the economy of Zimbabwe.

The city is served by Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo International Airport and the other international airport in the region being the Victoria Falls International Airport. Bulawayo is the capital of the bigger Matabeleland province which is arguable Zimbabwe's tourism paradise. Matabeleland boosts of Victoria Falls, Matopo National Park, Hwange National Park, Khami Ruins and a bigger share of Lake Kariba . The city is located within an excellent road and rail transport network linking the region to South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique.

Important buildings and infrastructure

These include:

  • Ascot Centre
  • Bulawayo Centre
  • Bulawayo Golf Club
  • Fidelity Life Centre
  • Mhlahlandlela Government Complex
  • Nesbitt Castle
  • NRZ building
  • National University of Science and Technology

Government

Bulawayo is governed by the Bulawayo City Council, which is headed by the Mayor of Bulawayo.

Bulawayo City Council

Although controlled by the main opposition party MDC-T, the council has managed to stand out as the leading municipality in Zimbabwe in service delivery to its residents, through campaigns engineered by the city council such as the #mycitymypride campaign and #keepbyoclean on social media. These have been met with positive responses by residents and other stakeholders in the city. In recent years, Bulawayo has been widely perceived as the cleanest city in Zimbabwe due to the council's effective waste management strategy.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}

In 2015 the city of Bulawayo was praised for its town planning that, unlike major urban areas such as Harare and Chitungwiza, has not been marred by corruption and problems such as illegal settlements. The municipality police are among the hardest working as they maintain order in the city without corruption or favour.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}

Attractions and amenities

Museums

Bulawayo has museums of national importance, including the Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, National Gallery, Bulawayo and the Bulawayo Railway Museum.

Parks

There are a number of parks in Bulawayo, including

  • Centenary Park (which includes an amphitheatre, lawns and a large fountain)
  • Barham Green
  • Hillside Dams Conservancy (which has a number of dams within it)
  • Mabukweni

Sports

Bulawayo is home to the Queens Sports Club and Bulawayo Athletic Club, two of the three grounds in Zimbabwe where test match cricket has been played.

Bulawayo Golf Club, the first golf club in the city and country was established in 1895. The Matsheumhlope river cuts through the 18 hole course in the suburbs.

It is home to Hartsfield Rugby grounds where many international Test matches have been played. Hartsfield was developed by Reg Hart, after whom the grounds were named and on which field many of southern Africa's greatest rugby players have competed. It is home to two large football teams: Highlanders and Zimbabwe Saints. Other football teams include Bantu Rovers, Chicken Inn, How Mine, Quelaton, and Bulawayo City (R).

Other important sporting and recreational facilities include

  • Barbourfields Stadium
  • Zimbabwe International Trade Fair Grounds
  • Kumalo Hockey Stadium
  • Ascot Racecourse
  • Khami Ruins
  • White City Stadium
  • karate centers

Infrastructure

Transport

The city has a total road network of about 2100 kilometres; 70 percent was declared in 2017 in a poor condition.[19] The R2 road links Bulawayo with the Capital Harare.

The city has Bulawayo Station on the Harare-Gaborone main line and the Beitbridge Bulawayo Railway.

On the 1 November 2013, a new terminal of Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo International Airport, formerly known as Bulawayo Airport, was opened.[20]

Healthcare

Bulawayo is home to a large number of hospitals and other medical facilities. The United Bulawayo Hospitals, a public hospital network, operates Bulawayo Central Hospital, Richard Morris Hospital, Lady Rodwell Maternity Hospital, and Robbie Gibson Infectious Diseases Hospital.[21] Mpilo Central Hospital, is the largest hospital in Bulawayo, and the second-largest in Zimbabwe, and features a nursing school and midwifery school on its campus. Bulawayo is also home to Ingutsheni Hospital, which at 700 beds is the largest psychiatric hospital in Zimbabwe. Other hospitals in Bulawayo include All Saints Children's Hospital, Hillside Hospital, Mater Dei Hospital, the Nervous Disorders Hospital, St Francis Hospital, and Thorngrove Isolation Hospital.

Education

In Bulawayo, there are 128 primary and 48 secondary schools.[22]

{{Div col}}

Primary schools

No. School Name
1.Amaswazi Primary School
2.Amaveni Primary School
3.Babambeni Primary School
4.Baines Infant School
5.Baines Junior
6.Barham Green Primary School
7. Carmel Primary School
8.Coghlan Primary School
9.Dominican Convent Primary School, Bulawayo
10.Dumezweni Primary School
11.Emakhandeni Primary School
12.Fairbridge Primary School
13.Fusi Primary School
14.Gampu Primary School
15.Godlwayo Primary School
16.Helemu Primary School
17.Henry Low Primary School
18.Hillside Infant School
19.Hillside Junior School
20.HQ 1 Brigade Primary School
21.Hugh Beadle Primary School
22.Induba Primary School
23.Infant School
24.Ingubo Primary School
25.Ingwegwe Primary School
26.Inkanyezi Primary School
27.Insukamini Primary School
28.Intunta Primary School
29.Inzwananzi Primary School
30.John Slaven Primary School
31.Josiah Chinamano Primary School
32.King George VI Memorial School
33.Kumalo Primary School
34.Lobengula Primary School
35.Lobengula Primary School
36.Lochview Primary School
37.Losikeyi Primary School
38.Lotshe Primary School
39.Lukhanyiso Primary School
40.Luveve Primary School
41.Mabhukudwana Primary School
42.Mafakela Primary School
43.Mafela Primary School
44.Magwegwe Primary School
45.Mahlabezulu
46.Mahlathini Primary School
47.Malindela Primary School
48.Manondwana Primary School
49.Manyewu Primary School
50.Maphisa Primary School
12. Masiyephambili Junior School
51.Masuku Primary School
52.Maswazi Primary School
53.Matshayisikova Primary School
54.Mawaba Primary School
55.Mazwi Primary School
56.Mbizo Primary School
57.McKeurten Primary School
58.Mganwini Primary School
59.Mgiqika Primary School
60.Mgombane Primary School
61.Mhali Primary School
62.Milton Junior School
63.Mkhithika Primary School
64.Moray Primary School
65.Mpumelelo Primary School
66.Mthombowesizwe Primary School
67.Mtshane Primary School
68.Mtshede Primary School
69.Mtshingwe Primary School
70.Mzilikazi Primary School
71.Newmansford Primary School
72.Ngwalongwalo Primary School
73.Nketa Primary School
74.Nkulumane Primary School
75.Ntabeni Primary School
76.Ntshamathe Primary School
77.Nyamande Primary School
78.Petra Primary School
79.Phelandaba SDA Primary School
80.Queen Elizabeth II Primary School
81.Rangemore Primary School
82.Robert Tradgold Primary School
83.Rose Camp Primary School
84.Senzangakhona Primary School
86.Sigombe Primary School
87.St. Bernards R.C Primary School
88.St. Patricks R.C Primary School
89.St. Thomas Aquinas Primary School
90.Tategulu Primary School
91.Tennyson Primary School
92.Thembiso Primary School
93.Thomas Rudland Primary School
94.Trenance Primary School
95.Waterford Primary School
96.Whitestone School
97.Woodville Primary School
98.Zulukandaba Primary School

Secondary and high schools

{{Main|List of secondary schools in Bulawayo}}

Schools outside Bulawayo

  • Falcon College – outskirts of Bulawayo, Esigodini
  • Plumtree School – 88 km (55 miles) from Bulawayo, in Plumtree
  • John Tallach High School
  • Inyathi High School – 70 km from Bulawayo
  • St James girls high -nyamandlovu 80 miles from Bulawayo
  • George Silundika
  • Mtshabezi High School
{{div col end}}{{div col end}}

Higher education

Bulawayo is home to a number of colleges and universities. The National University of Science and Technology, the second-oldest university in Zimbabwe, was established in Bulawayo in 1991.[23] Solusi University, a Seventh-day Adventist institution established in Bulawayo in 1894, gained university status in 1994. Additionally, the University of Zimbabwe and the Catholic University of Zimbabwe, both based in Harare, operate satellite campuses in Bulawayo.

Bulawayo is home to a number of institutes of technology and vocational colleges, including Bulawayo Polytechnic College, Speciss College, and the Zimbabwe School of Mines,[24] among others. The city is also home to several teachers' colleges, including the Blended Education College of Southern Africa,[25] Hillside Teachers' College, and the United College of Education.

Media

Newspapers

The Chronicle, a state-owned daily newspaper, and its Sunday edition, The Sunday News, are published in Bulawayo. The Chronicle is the second-oldest newspaper in Zimbabwe, and along with The Herald, published in Harare, it is one of two major state-owned newspapers in the country. UMthunywa, a state-owned Ndebele-language newspaper, is also published in Bulawayo, where the majority of the population belongs to the Ndebele people. Private online publications like Bulawayo24 News and B-Metro are also based in Bulawayo.

Notable people

{{Main|List of people from Bulawayo}}

Sister cities

Bulawayo has six sister cities:

  • {{flagicon|UK}} Aberdeen, United Kingdom (1986)[26]
  • {{flagicon|RSA}} Durban, South Africa[27]
  • {{flagicon|RSA}} Polokwane, South Africa (2012)[28]
  • {{flagicon|NAM}} Katima Mulilo, Namibia[28]
  • {{flagicon|BOT}} Francistown, Botswana
  • {{flagicon|ZAM}} Livingstone, Zambia

See also

  • List of cities and towns in Zimbabwe

References

1. ^Google Earth
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018}}
3. ^{{cite journal |author=A.R.C.B. | year = 1961 | title = Review: A Russian Look at Rhodesia | url = | journal = The Journal of African History | volume = 2 | issue = 1| pages = 161–162 | doi=10.1017/s0021853700002279}}
4. ^Thorpe, C. Limpopo to Zambesi, London 1951 p.51
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/LotDetailsPrintable.aspx?intObjectID=1550497|title=D.S.O.|date=19 April 1901|accessdate=24 November 2013|publisher=London Gazette}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2014-07-30-industrial-empire-reduced-to-a-ghost-town|title=Industrial empire Bulawayo reduced to a ghost town|publisher=mg.co.za|accessdate=30 July 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northernndebele.blogspot.com|title=isiNdebele for beginners. Northern Ndebele language in Africa|website=www.northernndebele.blogspot.com}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bulawayo1872.com|title=Bulawayo 1872.com :::: Southern African home|last=Technologies|first=Numo Uno|website=www.bulawayo1872.com}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rampantscotland.com/placenames/placename_bulawayo.htm|title=Scottish Place Names - Bulawayo, Zimbabwe|website=www.rampantscotland.com}}
10. ^GISS Climate data, Average annual temperature 1971 to 2001
11. ^{{cite web | url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=950| title = World Weather Information Service – Bulawayo| publisher = World Meteorological Organization| accessdate = 25 October 2015}}
12. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/ZI/67965.TXT| title = Bulawayo Airport Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = 10 June 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_679640_kt.pdf| title = Klimatafel von Bulawayo (Goetz-Observatorium) / Simbabwe| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst| language = German| accessdate = 13 May 2016}}
14. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706510001579|title=The impact of water scarcity on environmental health in selected residential areas in Bulawayo City, Zimbabwe|last=Nyemba|first=Anesu|last2=Manzungu|first2=Emmanuel|date=2010|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C|access-date=Nov 11, 2016|doi=10.1016/j.pce.2010.07.028|volume=35|issue=13–14|pages=823–827}}
15. ^Nyemba, Anesu. "The impact of water scarcity on environmental health in selected residential areas in Bulawayo City, Zimbabwe." Physics and chemistry of the earth 35.13 (2010):823–827. Web.
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/Census/CensusResults2012/Bulawayo.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909182148/http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/Census/CensusResults2012/Bulawayo.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=9 September 2015|title=Provincial Report – Bulawayo|accessdate=4 May 2016}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.chronicle.co.zw/census-findings-spark-outrage-mayor-claims-anti-bulawayo-conspiracy|title=Bulawayo Census Outrage|accessdate=4 May 2016|website=chronicle.co.zw}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestandard.co.zw/2012/12/23/storm-over-byo-census-results|title=Storm Over Bulawayo Census Results|accessdate=4 May 2016|website=thestandard.co.zw}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-104307.html|title=70% of Bulawayo roads dilapidated|date=12 Feb 2017|work=bulawayo24.com|accessdate=17 May 2017}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-38251.html|title=Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo International Airport opens|date=2 November 2013|work=bulawayo24.com|accessdate=17 May 2017}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ubh.org.zw/about-us/|title=About Us|last=|first=|date=|website=United Bulawayo Hospitals|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-27}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://talkzimbabwe.com/default.asp?sourceid=&smenu=84&twindow=&mad=&sdetail=5507&wpage=1&skeyword=&sidate=&ccat=&ccatm=&restate=&restatus=&reoption=&retype=&repmin=&repmax=&rebed=&rebath=&subname=&pform=&sc=1705&hn=talkzimbabwe&he=.com|title=Health disaster looms in Bulawayo|last=Makoni|first=Albert|date=6 September 2007|publisher=The Zimbabwe Guardian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226051435/http://talkzimbabwe.com/default.asp?sourceid=&smenu=84&twindow=&mad=&sdetail=5507&wpage=1&skeyword=&sidate=&ccat=&ccatm=&restate=&restatus=&reoption=&retype=&repmin=&repmax=&rebed=&rebath=&subname=&pform=&sc=1705&hn=talkzimbabwe&he=.com|archivedate=26 December 2007|deadurl=yes|accessdate=22 November 2007}}
23. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlJW3iBph3gC|title=Education and Development in Zimbabwe|last=Shizha|first=Edward|last2=Kariwo|first2=Michael T.|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2012|isbn=9789460916069|location=|pages=10|language=en}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zsm.ac.zw/zsmsite/index.php|website=Zimbabwe School of Mines|publisher=Zimbabwe School of Mines|accessdate=19 April 2018}}
25. ^{{Cite web|url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-156325.html|title=First private teachers' college opens doors|last=|first=|date=2019-02-17|website=Bulawayo24 News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-27}}
26. ^{{Cite web|url=https://aboutaberdeen.com/Twin-City-Aberdeen-Stavanger-Norway|title=Twin City of Aberdeen Stavanger Norway|last=|first=|date=|website=About Aberdeen|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-26}}
27. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/City_Services/IGR/sistercities/Pages/default.aspx|title=Sister Cities|website=www.durban.gov.za|access-date=2019-02-26}}
28. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.zimeye.net/2018/12/02/bulawayo-engages-australia-for-economic-development/|title=Bulawayo Engages Australia For Economic Development|last=|first=|date=2018-12-02|website=ZimEye|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-26}}

Bibliography

{{Portal|Zimbabwe}}{{See also|Timeline of Bulawayo#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Bulawayo}}{{Commons category|Bulawayo}}{{Wikivoyage}}{{ZW provinces}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}{{Authority control}}

5 : Bulawayo|Populated places established in the 1840s|Populated places in Zimbabwe|Provinces of Zimbabwe|1840s establishments in Africa
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