1. History
    Background and construction  Operations  Extensions and redoubling initiatives 

2. Services
    Transport for Wales  Virgin Trains  Merseyrail  Northern 

3. Future
    Northern Franchise Requirements  Halton Curve reopening 

4. Layout and facilities

5. Accidents

6. See also

7. References

8. Further reading

9. External links

| usage1314 = {{increase}} 4.256
| usage1415 = {{increase}} 4.523
| usage1516 = {{increase}} 4.620
| usage1617 = {{increase}} 4.650
| usage1718 = {{increase}} 4.686

| int1314 = {{pad|1em}}{{increase}} 0.920
| int1415 = {{pad|1em}}{{increase}} 0.943
| int1516 = {{pad|1em}}{{increase}} 0.963
| int1617 = {{pad|1em}}{{decrease}} 0.804
| int1718 = {{pad|1em}}{{decrease}} 0.790
| coordinates = {{coord|53.1968|-2.8798|type:railwaystation_region:GB_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
| platforms = 7
| years = 1848
| events = Opened
| years1 = 1875
| events1 = Renamed Chester General
| years2 = 1969
| events2 = Renamed Chester
| years3 = 1972
| events3 = Chester General rail crash
| gridref = SJ413669
}}

Chester railway station in Newtown, north-east of Chester city centre, England, is operated by Transport for Wales. Services from Merseyrail, Northern and Virgin Trains use the station. From 1875 to 1969 the station was known as Chester General to distinguish it from Chester Northgate.^[1] The station's Italianate frontage was designed by the architect Francis Thompson.

Work on a £10 million regeneration scheme, the Chester Renaissance programme^[2] was completed in 2007. The development includes a new roof, improved customer facilities and improved access to the station. A plaque commemorating Thomas Brassey is installed on the wall opposite the booking office. The station marks one end of the Baker Way a footpath leading to Delamere railway station.

Scheduled departures from Chester Station are: a quarter-hourly Merseyrail electric service on the Wirral Line to Liverpool, half-hourly in the evenings and on Sundays; Virgin Trains to London Euston via {{rws|Crewe}} and Holyhead; Transport for Wales to Manchester Airport via Warrington Bank Quay and to Cardiff Central/Birmingham New Street via Wrexham General, North Wales Coast Line trains to Crewe, Llandudno Junction, Llandudno, Holyhead for ferries to Dublin ; and Northern to Manchester Piccadilly via Northwich. Northern plans to operate an hourly train to Leeds stopping at Warrington Bank Quay, {{rws|Newton-le-Willows}} Manchester Victoria, Bradford Interchange and Leeds.^[3][4]

History

Background and construction

On 23 September 1840, the first station at Chester was opened by the Chester and Birkenhead Railway (CBR). One week later, on 1 October 1840, the Chester and Crewe Railway (CCR) opened a separate station. Neither station was open for long, due to the inconvenience of transferring goods and passengers between them. They were replaced by the new joint station ^[5] at the junction between the CBR, CCR and Robert Stephenson's new Chester and Holyhead Railway (CHR) which started at the joint station. The station was designed by the architect Francis Thompson, and constructed by Thomas Brassey.^[6] The engineer C. H. Wild designed the train shed. Elements of the overall design were produced by other engineers, including Stephenson.^[7]

On 1 August 1847, construction of the station began, the foundation stone was laid by Brassey. It was built by a workforce of around 2,000 people, including bricklayers, stonemasons, carpenters, roofers, plumbers and other skilled and unskilled workers. On 1 August 1848, Chester Station was officially opened, exactly a year after construction began. The opening was met with great acclaim amongst the city's populace due to the wide range of destinations that could be reached for the first time.^[5]

The station building is built of Staffordshire blue brick and pale grey Storeton sandstone with slate roofs^[6][7] in the Italianate style.^[7] It has a 305-metre two-storey façade with a 15-bay central section and 5-bay lateral projecting pavilions, each of which have two towers.^[6] A large clock, manufactured by J. B. Joyce & Co on the front of the station was originally located centrally, but was moved to the western half of the facade following the construction of the Queen Hotel, which obscured it. The central section's middle seven bays contain carvings by sculptor John Thomas.^[6] Several carved wooden owls occupy locations in the roof beams above platform 4 to deter feral pigeons from roosting.^[5]

As first built, the station had a single through platform, a pair of bay platforms, and the main building. Early on, it became highly trafficked, partially due to its position as a junction between multiple lines and railway companies. In its first few decades of opening, it was expanded via the construction of sidings, warehouses, signalboxes and two motive power depots to service steam locomotives that belonged to different railway companies. To accommodate the increasing number of passengers and freight in the 1860s and 1870s, the station was extended again. Two island platforms, two bay platforms, and additional facilities connected via a footbridge to the existing station were completed by 1890.^[5]

Operations

From its opening on 1 August 1848, Chester was a joint station used by the Chester and Holyhead, Chester and Crewe and Birkenhead Railways. These companies were merged into the London and North Western Railway (LNWR). The LNWR worked in conjunction with the Great Western Railway (GWR), which operated the line to Wrexham and Shrewsbury. The LNWR and GWR also jointly owned the Birkenhead Railway.^[6]

Chester Station was served by GWR express passenger trains (and subsequently by the Western Region of British Railways) from Birkenhead Woodside via Chester, Wrexham, Ruabon, Gobowen, Shrewsbury, Wellington (Shropshire), Wolverhampton, Birmingham Snow Hill, Leamington Spa and Banbury to London Paddington until 4 March 1967.^[8] The final service, a special The Zulu, was hauled by 7029 Clun Castle.^[8]

During 1875, Chester Northgate railway station was opened by the Cheshire Lines Committee. To prevent confusion between the stations, the older station was renamed "Chester General". In 1969, as a result of the Beeching cuts, Chester Northgate was closed and Chester General reverted to Chester.^[6]

Peak activity was during the Edwardian era when more than 200 trains called at the station daily and more than one hundred staff were employed.^[5] Large quantities of freight were also moved, including the Royal Mail's letters and parcels business. Special excursion trains were laid on for Chester Races. During the First World War, troop trains used the station when moving military personnel from training camps in North Wales to the Western Front.^[5]

During the interwar period, the station was busy, only slightly affected by the rise of road transportation. Trams, and later buses linked the station to the city and its suburbs. During the Second World War, the station saw a high volume of traffic, including trains hauling ammunition. It survived the conflict unscathed, sustaining no direct hits but to mitigate against aerial attacks, a concrete bunker was built to house signalling equipment.^[5]

In January 2016, according to the Office of Rail and Road, passenger numbers doubled over the previous ten years, making Chester the eighth-busiest station in the North-West region. The rise was attributed to new services, such as direct trains to London and increased frequencies on the Merseyrail network.^[9]

Starting in 2005, the station was restored in the Chester Renaissance Project. Improvements made by Network Rail included groundworks around the east end frontage and repairs to the façade's east and west wings, renewal of the roof's glazing, enhancements to the train shed and other general improvements.^[6] Improved local traffic management and access to the station was achieved by alterations to Station Square which were completed in December 2007. Architectural lighting was installed in strategic areas and a new concourse was opened by Arriva Trains Wales in October 2008. Between 2009 and 2010, improvements included a second staircase to access the island platform, structural repairs to platforms, restoration of the overbridge and work to enhance the station's frontage.^[6]

The station is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II* listed building.^[7] It is one of 22 Grade I or II* listed railway stations in England.^[10] A plaque commemorating Thomas Brassey was installed on the wall opposite the booking office. Brassey was born at Buerton {{convert|6|mi|km}} south of Chester.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}

Extensions and redoubling initiatives

In 1993, an extension to the Wirral Line received third rail electrification on existing track and Chester became its terminus. Its trains use Platform 7 the only one with access to the third rail.^[5] The line provides frequent rapid access to the Wirral, Birkenhead and all four underground stations in central Liverpool. The historic Chester and Birkenhead Railway, the first railway to serve Chester, became a part of Merseyrail's Wirral Line.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}

In April 2017, Network Rail and contractors completed the redoubling of the Wrexham to Chester line enabling increased line speeds up to 90 mph on certain sections. When the work was completed, there were no plans to increase speeds or introduce new services until late 2017 at the earliest.^[11][12]

Services

Chester is served by four train operating companies.

Transport for Wales

• 1 train per hour to Llandudno (via Llandudno Junction)^[13]
• 1 train per hour to Holyhead (via Bangor)
• 1 train per hour to Wrexham General and Shrewsbury of which one every two hours continues to Cardiff Central and one every two hours continues to Birmingham International
• 1 train per hour to Manchester Airport (via {{Stnlnk|Warrington Bank Quay}})^[4]
• 1 train per hour to {{Stnlnk|Crewe}}, which gives a near half-hourly (xx.35 Virgin & xx.55 Arriva) service in conjunction with Virgin Trains' service
• A Monday to Friday daily limited-stop express south to {{Stnlnk|Cardiff Central}} and north to Holyhead

Virgin Trains

• 1 train per hour to London Euston via Crewe and Milton Keynes Central^[14]
• Certain trains from London continue to {{Stnlnk|Holyhead}} and Bangor
• 1 train per weekday continues to Wrexham General
• Occasional services to/from Crewe start or terminate at Chester or Holyhead or Bangor

Merseyrail

• 4 trains per hour to Liverpool Central via Birkenhead during peak times on weekdays and Saturdays. Late evenings and Sundays the frequency is every 30 minutes.^[15] Merseyrail services to Birkenhead and Liverpool use Platform 7b or 7a, Platform 7 is the only third-rail equipped platform. These services are provided by Class 507 and Class 508 EMUs.

Northern

• 1tph on the Mid-Cheshire Line to Manchester Piccadilly and Stockport via Northwich. Some Sunday services continue to Southport.^[16]
• 1 departure each Saturday morning, (during summer months), via the Halton Curve to Runcorn northbound with no return service.

There are proposals to reinstate a passenger service along the Halton Curve to permit the re-introduction of through trains from Liverpool Lime Street to Chester and Wrexham.

Future

Northern Franchise Requirements

Under the Northern franchise, Arriva Rail North (branded 'Northern') must fulfil the following requirements:

• From December 2017, an extra hourly train from Chester to Leeds, via Warrington Bank Quay, Newton-le-Willows, Manchester Victoria and then either Dewsbury or Bradford (via the Calder Valley)^[17] operated by new 100 mph diesel trains from 2019.^[3][18]
• On the Manchester Piccadilly to Chester via Northwich line, Sunday services will operate hourly in both directions (up from two hourly).^[19]
• The franchise requires the removal and replacement of all Pacer trains by 2020.

To date direct services between Chester and Leeds have not been introduced, although the planned summer 2019 timetable does include a commitment to introduce them. ^[20]

Halton Curve reopening

In July 2014, George Osborne announced £10.4 million of funding to finance the Halton Curve's redevelopment to pemit through services between Liverpool and North Wales via {{rws|Liverpool South Parkway}} and Chester.^[21][22] The 30-year plan for the curve included connections to South Wales.^[23] The link will provide Chester with a direct link to Liverpool Airport and an alternative route to central Liverpool.

In March 2016, Network Rail announced the Halton Curve would be open from May 2018 as a part of the 2017 upgrade to Liverpool Lime Street.^[24][25] The reintroduction of services was originally forecast for December 2018^[26] but it was later put back to May 2019.^[27] Plans for the summer 2019 rail timetable confirm an hourly service between Liverpool Lime Street and Chester via Runcorn, with peak time extensions to Wrexham General.^[28]

Layout and facilities

The station has seven platforms. Platform 1 is a bay platform located at the east end (a second one alongside it is no longer utilised for passenger traffic but can be used for stock stabling). Platform 2 at the western end is another bay platform. Platform 3 is a through bi-directional platform and is closest to the concourse; it is split into sections 3a and 3b although on occasions a train will use the middle of the platform.

Over the bridge – or by way of lifts – is the island platform. Opposite Platform 3 is Platform 4, another through bi-directional platform, with sections designated as 4a and 4b. There are two east facing bays (Platforms 5 and 6). Platform 7 is an additional through platform, the only one with third-rail electrification; it is split into 'a' (eastern) and 'b' (western) sections and thus capable of accommodating two trains at once.^[29]

The station has a booking office and is staffed 15 minutes before and after the first and last train. There is a payphone, vending machine, booking office and live departure and arrival screens, for passenger information. The station has lifts and is fully accessible for disabled users. There is a car park with 83 spaces and cycle racks for 68 cycles.^[30]

Accidents

• On 4 July 1949, a Derby to Llandudno passenger train ran into the rear of a Crewe to Holyhead passenger service, resulting in fifty injured people.^[31]
• On 8 May 1972, a freight train suffered a brake failure and collided with a diesel multiple unit at Chester General station and caught fire, causing severe damage to the building and the trains involved.^[32]
• On 20 November 2013, a Class 221 Super Voyager diesel-electric multiple unit from London Euston to Chester collided with the buffer stops on platform 1, riding up over them and smashing a glass screen. There were no injuries, although one passenger was taken to hospital for checks. A Rail Accident Investigation Branch report stated that the incident was due to exceptionally slippery rails, but that the consequences of this were made more severe by the buffer stop being of an older design, which did not absorb the impact energy effectively. The report further stated that that particular stop had not undergone a risk assessment within the previous ten years, and was possibly not appropriate for class 221 units.^[33][34]

See also

• Grade II listed buildings in Cheshire West and Chester
• Chester TMD

References

Further reading

• {{cite book |last=Biddle |first=Gordon |title=Railway Stations in the North West |year=1981 |publisher=Dalesman |location=Clapham, Yorkshire |isbn=0-85206-644-9 |at=p. 8, fig. 1 |chapter=Chapter 1 – North Cheshire & The Peak }} – photo of station frontage
• {{cite book |title=Shrewsbury to Chester |first1=Vic |last1=Mitchell |first2=Keith |last2=Smith |at=figs. 112-117 |publisher=Middleton Press |location=West Sussex |year=2010 |isbn=9781906008703 |oclc=495274299}}
• {{cite book |title=Chester to Rhyl |first1=Vic |last1=Mitchell |first2=Keith |last2=Smith |at=figs. 1-6 |publisher=Middleton Press |location=West Sussex |year=2011 |isbn=9781906008932 |oclc=795178960 |ref=harv}}
• {{cite book |title=Chester to Birkenhead |first1=Vic |last1=Mitchell |first2=Keith |last2=Smith |at=figs. 1-8 |publisher=Middleton Press |location=West Sussex |year=2012 |isbn=9781908174215 |oclc=811323335}}
• {{cite book |title=Stafford to Chester |first1=Vic |last1=Mitchell |first2=Keith |last2=Smith |at=figs. 102-120 |publisher=Middleton Press |location=West Sussex |year=2012 |isbn=9781908174345 |oclc=830024480 |ref=harv}}
• {{cite book |title=Chester to Warrington |first1=Vic |last1=Mitchell |first2=Keith |last2=Smith |at=figs. 1-5 |publisher=Middleton Press |location=West Sussex |year=2013 |isbn=9781908174406 |oclc=910526793 |ref=harv}}

External links

• Chester to Shrewsbury Rail Partnership
• ORR Station Usage Estimates

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