| 词条 | Chevrolet Camaro (first generation) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image = Chevrolet Camaro RS 327 1968.jpg | caption = 1968 Camaro RS 327 | name = Chevrolet Camaro (first generation) | manufacturer = General Motors | production = September 29, 1966–1969 | model_years = 1967–1969 | assembly = {{unbulleted list | Van Nuys, California | Norwood, Ohio | Biel, Switzerland[1] }} | predecessor = | successor = Chevrolet Camaro (second generation) | class = {{unbulleted list|Pony car|Muscle car}} | body_style = {{unbulleted list|2-door hardtop|2-door convertible }} | layout = FR layout | platform = F-body | related = Pontiac Firebird | engine = {{unbulleted list|{{convert|230|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} L26 I6| {{convert|250|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} L22 I6|{{convert|283|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} small-block V8| {{convert|302|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} Z28 V8 (Z/28)|{{convert|307|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} L14 V8|{{convert|327|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} LF7/L30 V8| {{convert|350|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} LM1/L65 V8|{{convert|350|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} L48 V8 (SS350)|{{convert|396|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} L34/L78/L89 V8 (SS396)|{{convert|427|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} L72/ZL1 V8 (COPO)}} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 3-speed manual | 4-speed manual | 2-speed automatic | 3-speed automatic}} | wheelbase = {{convert|108|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|184.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (MY1967) [2] {{convert|184.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (MY1968) [3] {{convert|186.0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (MY1969) [4] | width = {{unbulleted list|{{convert|72.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (MY1967)|{{convert|72.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (MY1968)|{{convert|74.0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (MY1969)}} | height= {{unbulleted list|{{convert|51.4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (MY1967)|{{convert|51.4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (MY1968)|{{convert|50.9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (MY1969 conv.)|{{convert|51.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (MY1969)}} | designer = The first-generation Chevrolet Camaro appeared in Chevrolet dealerships on September 29, 1966 for the 1967 model year on a brand-new rear wheel drive GM F-body platform and was available as a 2-door, 2+2 seat, hardtop (no "B" or center pillar) or convertible, with the choice of either a straight-6 or V8 engine.[5][6] The first-generation Camaro was built through the 1969 model year. Almost all of 1967-1969 Camaros were built in the two U.S. assembly plants: Norwood, Ohio and Van Nuys, California. There were also five non-U.S. Camaro assembly plants in countries that required local assembly and content. These plants were located in the Philippines, Belgium, Switzerland, Venezuela, and Peru.[7] OptionsThe Camaro's standard drivetrain was either a {{convert|230|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} straight-6 engine rated at {{convert|140|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 4400 rpm and {{convert|220|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 1600 rpm;[8] or a {{convert|327|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} and {{convert|307|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} (later in 1969) V8s, with a standard three-speed manual transmission. There were 8 (in 1967), 10 (in 1968), and 12 (in 1969) different engines available in 1967-1969 Camaros. There were several optional transmissions. A four-speed manual was available with any engine. The two-speed "Powerglide" automatic transmission was available all three years. The three-speed "Turbo Hydra-Matic 350" automatic became available starting in 1969. The optional automatic for SS 396 cars was the Turbo 400 three-speed automatic. There was a plethora of other options available all three years, including three main packages: The RS was an appearance package that included hidden headlights, revised taillights with back-up lights under the rear bumper, RS badging, and exterior bright trim. It was available on any model. The SS performance package consisted of a {{convert|350|CID|L|1|abbr=on}} or {{convert|396|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} V8s and chassis upgrades for better handling and to deal with the additional power. The SS featured non-functional air inlets on the hood, special striping, and SS badging. The Z/28 performance package was designed (with further modifications) to compete in the SCCA Trans-Am Series. It included a solid-lifter {{convert|302|CID|L|1|abbr=on}} V8, 4-speed transmission, power disc brakes, and two wide "skunk" stripes down the hood and trunk lid. The idea of offering such a wide variety of packages and numerous options was to "blanket" Camaro's end of the personal car market with everything from an entry level I6 cylinder engine to multiple high-performance V8 engines.[6] 1967The 1967 Camaro shared the subframe / semi-unibody design with the 1968 Chevy II Nova. Almost 80 factory and 40 dealer options, including three main packages, were available: the RS, the SS, and the Z/28. The SS included a {{convert|350|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} producing {{convert|295|bhp|PS kW|0|abbr=on}} at 4800 rpm and {{convert|380|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} at 3200 rpm of torque;[9] and the L35 and L78 {{convert|396|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} big-block V8 engines producing {{convert|375|bhp|PS kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5600 rpm and {{convert|415|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} at 3600 rpm of torque were available.[10] The SS featured non-functional air inlets on the hood, special striping, and SS badging on the grille, front fenders, gas cap, and horn button. It was possible to order both the SS and RS options, making it a SS/RS. In 1967, a Camaro SS/RS convertible with a 396 engine paced the Indianapolis 500. The Z/28 option code was introduced in December 1966 for the 1967 model year. It was the brainchild of Vince Piggins, who conceived offering "virtually race-ready" Camaros for sale [11] from any Chevrolet dealer.[12] This option package was not mentioned in any sales literature, so it was unknown to most buyers.[13] The Z/28 option required front disc power brakes and a Muncie 4-speed manual close-ratio transmission (posi-traction was optional). It featured a {{convert|302|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} V-8, {{convert|3|in|1|abbr=on}} stroke crankshaft with {{convert|4|in|1|abbr=on}} bore, an aluminum intake manifold, and a 4-barrel vacuum secondary Holley carburetor of 780 cfm. The engine was designed specifically to race in the Trans Am series (which required engines smaller than {{convert|305|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}}. Advertised power of this engine was listed at {{convert|290|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}. This is an under-rated figure.[13] Chevrolet wanted to keep the horsepower rating at less than 1 hp per cubic inch, for various reasons (e.g. insurance and racing classes). The factory rating of 290 hp occurred at 5300 rpm, while actual peak for the high-revving 302 was closer to {{convert|360|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} (with the single four barrel carb) and {{convert|400|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} (with optional dual-four barrel carbs) at 6800-7000 rpm. The Z/28 also came with upgraded suspension, racing stripes on the hood and trunk lid, '302' front fender emblems on the 67 and early 68 cars, and 'Z/28' emblems in late 68 & 69. It was also possible to combine the Z/28 package with the RS package. Only 602 Z/28s were sold in 1967, along with approximately 100 Indianapolis Pace Car replicas.[14] The 1967 and 1968 Z/28s did not have the cowl induction hood, optional on the 1969 Z/28s. The 1967 Z28 received air from an open element air cleaner or from an optional cowl plenum duct attached to the side of the air cleaner that ran to the firewall and got air from the cowl vents. 15-inch rally wheels were included with Z/28s while all other 1967-9 Camaros had 14-inch wheels. The origin of the Z/28 nameplate came from the RPO codes - RPO Z28 was the code for the Special Performance Package. RPO Z27 was for the Super Sport package. Cars assembled in Switzerland, at GM's local facility in Biel, were all coupes with the {{convert|283|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} V8 that produced {{convert|198|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4800 rpm and {{convert|285|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2400 rpm[15] - an engine which was not available in contemporary Camaros built in the United States. The Swiss-built Camaros were not available with the three-speed manual and had a differential lock and front disc brakes as standard. Some additional safety equipment was also standard. Production numbers:[11]
1968The styling of the 1968 Camaro was very similar to the 1967 design. With the introduction of Astro Ventilation, a fresh-air-inlet system, the side vent windows were deleted. Side marker lights were added on the front and rear fenders which was a government requirement for all 1968 vehicles. It also had a more pointed front grille and divided rear taillights. The front running lights (on non-RS models) were also changed from circular to oval. The big block SS models received chrome hood inserts that imitated velocity stacks and low-gloss black rear tail light panel. The rear shock absorber mounting was staggered to resolve wheel hop issues and higher performance models received multi-leaf rear springs instead of single-leaf units. A {{convert|396|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} producing {{convert|350|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5200 rpm and {{convert|415|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 3400 rpm big block engine was added as an option for the SS,[16] and the Z28 appeared in Camaro brochures. The {{convert|427|cid|L|1|abbr=on}} was not available as a Regular Production Option (RPO). Several dealers, such as Baldwin-Motion, Dana, and Yenko, offered the 427 as a dealer-installed replacement for the factory-supplied {{convert|396|cid|L|1|abbr=on}} engine. Chevrolet's Special Production Division wanted to promote the Z28. They had to convince Chevrolet's General Manager Pete Estes, but the General Manager only drove convertible vehicles, and the Z/28 was never produced as a convertible. A Central Office Production Order (COPO) was placed for the only Z/28 convertible Camaro ever created.[17] The car was placed in the executive garage which Pete Estes had access to. Upon driving the vehicle, he promptly gave approval for promotion of the Z/28. A 1968 Z/28 famously competed in the 1971 British Saloon Car Championship at Crystal Palace[18] in a three-way battle for the lead, a race which was later featured in the BBC's “100 Greatest Sporting Moments”. Production numbers:
1969The 1969 Camaro carried over the previous year's drivetrain and major mechanical components, but all-new sheet metal, except the hood and trunk lid, gave the car a substantially sportier look. The grille was redesigned with a heavy "V" cant and deeply inset headlights. New door skins, rear quarter panels, and rear valance panel also gave the car a much lower, wider, more aggressive look. This styling would serve for the 1969 model year only. To increase competitiveness in the SCCA Trans-Am racing series, optional four wheel disc brakes with four-piston calipers were made available during the year, under RPO JL8, for US$500.30.[19] This system used components from the Corvette and made for a major improvement in the braking capability and was a key to winning the Trans-Am championship. The option was expensive and only 206 units were produced. The Rally Sport (RS) option, RPO Z22, includes special black painted grille with concealed headlights and headlight washers, fender striping (except when sport striping or Z28 Special Performance Package is specified), simulated rear fender louvers, front and rear wheel opening moldings, black body sill, RS emblems on grille, steering wheel and rear panel, Rally Sport front fender nameplates, bright accented taillights, back-up lights below rear bumper; also includes bright roof drip moldings on Sport Coupe. $131.65, 37,773 built. This option could be added to any other option (i.e., SS or Z/28), making the model an RS/SS or a RS/Z28. The Z28 option was still available with the {{convert|302|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} small block producing {{convert|290|hp|PS kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5800 rpm and {{convert|290|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4200 rpm.[20] It was backed by Muncie four-speed with a new-for-69 standard Hurst shifter and connected to a 12-bolt rear axle with standard 3.73 gears. The 302 featured 11:1 compression, forged pistons, forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods, solid lifter camshaft, and Holley carburetion on a dual-plane intake manifold. A dual four-barrel crossram intake manifold was available as a dealer-installed option.[19] The 1969 model year was exceptionally long, extending into November 1969, due to manufacturing problem that delayed the introduction of the second generation model planned for 1970. It is a popular myth late-'69 Camaros were sold as 1970 models (due to GM publicity pictures of the '69 Camaro labeled as a 1970), but they were all assigned 1969 VIN codes. Production numbers:
COPO 427sA GM corporate edict forbade Chevrolet from installing engines larger than {{convert|400|cid|l|1|abbr=on}}. Requests from dealers (notably Don Yenko) who were dealer-installing {{convert|427|cid|L|1|abbr=on}} engines in the Camaro caused Chevrolet to use an ordering process usually used on fleet and special orders (taxis, trucks, etc.) to offer 427 engines in the Camaro. Two Central Office Production Orders (COPO), numbers 9560 and 9561, were offered in the 1969 model year.[21] The COPO 9561 used the solid-lifter L72 big-block engine, making an underrated {{convert|425|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} SAE gross at 5600 rpm and {{convert|460|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4000 rpm.[22] Yenko ordered 201 of these cars to create the now-legendary Yenko Camaro.[23] Other dealers also became aware of the L72 engine package and ordered it. Around 900-1,000 Camaros were fitted with the L72 engine option.[24] The COPO 9560 used an all-aluminum {{convert|427|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} big-block called the ZL-1 and was designed specifically for drag racing. The package was conceived by drag racer Dick Harrell, and ordered through Fred Gibb Chevrolet in La Harpe, IL, with the intention of entering NHRA Super Stock (drag racing). A total of 69 ZL-1 Camaros were produced. The engine alone cost over US$4,000—more than the cost of a base V8 hardtop. Though rated at {{convert|430|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} gross at 5200 rpm and {{convert|450|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4400 rpm,[25] the ZL-1 made {{convert|376|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} SAE net in its "as installed" state. With exhaust changes and some tuning, the horsepower jumped to over 500.[21] The ZL1 engines were hand assembled in a process that took 16 hours each, in a room that Corvette Chief Engineer Zora Arkus-Duntov described as "surgically clean."[26] All ZL1 engines were manufactured at the Tonawanda Assembly Plant before being installed in Corvettes and Camaros, or sold over the counter to racers.[27] Two of the 69 ZL-1's are known to have landed in Australia, with both owned by local motor racing legend and multi-millionaire tyre retailer Bob Jane, with both cars painted in Jane's team colour Sebring Orange. One of the Camaros was used by Jane for drag racing in Australia (Jane also owned the Calder Park Raceway with the main straight doubling as one of the country's premier drag racing strips). Jane drove the other Camaro to win the 1971 and 1972 Australian Touring Car Championships (the forerunner to today's V8 Supercars), though due to regulation changes restricting engines to a maximum cubic capacity of 6000 cc, Jane was forced to replace the 427 engine with a 350 in 1972. The ATCC winner, which holds the record for the largest capacity car to ever win the championship since it began in 1960. As of 2016, Jane owns his ATCC winning ZL-1, which after its touring car life was sold and used as a Sports Sedan and a drag racer before Jane bought it back and had the car restored to its 1971 specification. Despite his advancing years (approximately 86-87), Jane and the car continue to regularly appear at major historic meetings including the annual Australian Muscle Car Masters held each Fathers Day at the Sydney Motorsport Park.[28] First-generation enginesFirst generation engines include:[29]
References1. ^{{cite journal|title=Automobil Revue Modelle 1967/Revue Automobile modèles 1967 |editor-last=Braunschweig |editor-first=Robert | language=German, French |publisher=Hallwag |page=222 |location=Berne, Switzerland |volume=62 |date=March 9, 1967}} 2. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.gmheritagecenter.com/docs/gm-heritage-archive/vehicle-information-kits/Camaro/1967-Chevrolet-Camaro.pdf |work=GM Heritage Center |title=1967 Chevrolet Camaro - information kit |date=September 1966 |accessdate=March 13, 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.gmheritagecenter.com/docs/gm-heritage-archive/vehicle-information-kits/Camaro/1968-Chevrolet-Camaro.pdf |work=GM Heritage Center |title=1968 Chevrolet Camaro - information kit |date= |accessdate=March 13, 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.gmheritagecenter.com/docs/gm-heritage-archive/vehicle-information-kits/Camaro/1969-Chevrolet-Camaro.pdf |work=GM Heritage Center |title=1969 Chevrolet Camaro - information kit |date=September 1968 |accessdate=March 13, 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|url= http://blog.hemmings.com/index.php/2011/07/06/down-the-throat-the-introduction-of-the-1967-camaro/ |title=Down the throat: the introduction of the 1967 Camaro|first=Daniel |last=Strohl |date=July 6, 2011 |work=Hemmings Daily |accessdate=March 13, 2016}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Kilpatrick |first=Bill |title=The really new ones|journal=Popular Mechanics |volume=126 |issue=4 |pages=105–108 |date=October 1966 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ydMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA105 |accessdate=March 13, 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.camaros.org/foreign.shtml |title=Camaro Foreign Assembly Plants |first=Kurt |last=Sonen |publisher=Camaros.org |date=November 26, 2013 |accessdate=January 26, 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1967/444380/chevrolet_camaro_sport_coupe_230_turbo-thrift_4-speed.html|website=Automobile-catalog.com|title=1967 Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 230 Turbo-Thrift 4-speed|editor=Pawel Zal|accessdate=2018-09-15}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=277376|website=carfolio|title=1966 Chevrolet Camaro SS, 1967 MY (350)|accessdate=July 4, 2018}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=277508|website=carfolio|title=1966 Chevrolet Camaro SS, 1967 MY (396)|accessdate=July 4, 2018}} 11. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.camaros.org/geninfo.shtml#HowMany|title=General Info - Camaro FAQ|last=Group|first=Camaro Research|website=www.camaros.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-04}} 12. ^Rod Action, 2/85, p.31. 13. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://musclecars.howstuffworks.com/classic-muscle-cars/1967-chevrolet-camaro-z-28.htm |title=1967 Chevrolet Camaro Z28 |author=Auto Editors of Consumer Guide |date=January 3, 2007 |accessdate=March 13, 2016}} 14. ^{{cite book|last=Flory |first=J. "Kelly" |title=American Cars, 1960-1972: Every Model, Year by Year |publisher=McFarland |year=2004 |isbn=9780786412730 |page=485}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1967/1823270/chevrolet_camaro_sport_coupe_v8_4-speed.html|website=Automobile-catalog.com|title=1967 Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe V8 4-speed|accessdate=2018-09-15}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1968/445775/chevrolet_camaro_ss-396_sport_coupe_350-hp_4-speed_close.html|title=1968 Chevrolet Camaro SS-396 Sport Coupe 350-HP 4-speed close|editor=Pawel Zal|accessdate=2018-09-15}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wcshipping.com/blog/rarest-camaro-copo-1968-camaro-z28-convertible|title=Rarest Camaro: COPO 1968 Camaro Z/28 Convertible|first=Dmitriy|last=Shibarshin|publisher=}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cawBXWWgqCI|title=Link to YouTube film of Crystal Palace race in 1971|last=|first=|date=25 February 2017|website=YouTube|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 19. ^1 General Motors documentation 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1969/446330/chevrolet_camaro_z28_sport_coupe.html|title=1969 Chevrolet Camaro Z28 Sport Coupe|website=Automobile-catalog.com|editor=Pawel Zal|accessdate=2018-09-15}} 21. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://www.camaros.org/copo.shtml |title=COPO 427: The Relentless Pursuit of Acceleration |first=Bill |last=Glowacki |publisher=Camaros.org |date=June 5, 2014 |accessdate=March 13, 2016}} 22. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.ultimatecarpage.com/spec/4180/Chevrolet-Camaro-COPO-9561.html|website=Ultimatecarpage.com|title=Chevrolet Camaro COPO 9561|editor=Wouter Melissen|date=December 2, 2009|accessdate=September 8, 2018}} 23. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.myclassicgarage.com/knowledge-base/1969-Chevrolet-Camaro|website=Myclassicgarage.com|title=1969 Chevrolet Camaro|accessdate=September 8, 2018}} 24. ^GM Tonawanda engine production data 25. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.superchevy.com/features/sucs-0707-1969-chevrolet-camaro-zl1/|website=Superchevy.com|title=The 1969 ZL1 Camaro Legacy|editor=Paul Zazarine|date=July 26, 2007|accessdate=September 15, 2018}} 26. ^{{cite book|title=Corvette: America’s Star Spangled Sports Car |first=Karl E. |last=Ludvigsen |page=228 |year=1973 |publisher=Automobile Quarterly |isbn=9780525086451}} 27. ^Auto Restorer, December 2000, pp.14-15. 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tradeuniquecars.com.au/feature-cars/1109/bob-jane-camaro-zl-1-review/|title=Bob Jane Camaro ZL-1 Review|publisher=}} 29. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.mynewstips.com/auto/the-1969-camaro-ss|title=Muscle Car History 101 – Don’t Mess With The ’69 Camaro SS|access-date=2018-03-10|language=en-US}} External links{{commons category|First-generation Chevrolet Camaro}}
6 : Chevrolet Camaro|Muscle cars|Rear-wheel-drive vehicles|Coupés|Convertibles|1960s cars |
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