| 词条 | Chibougamau | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Chibougamau | official_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Chibougamau.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Chibougamau main street | image_flag = chibougamauflag.png | flag_size = 120x100px | image_shield = Blason ville ca Chibougamau (Québec).svg | shield_size = 100x90px | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = | pushpin_map = Canada Quebec#Canada | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_mapsize = 197 | pushpin_map_caption =Location in Quebec | coordinates = {{coord|49|55|N|74|22|W|region:CA-QC|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = 650, 3e Rue[1] | coordinates_footnotes= [2] | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Canada | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Quebec | subdivision_type2 = Region | subdivision_name2 = Nord-du-Québec | subdivision_type3 = RCM | subdivision_name3 = None | established_title = Settled | established_date = 1952 | established_title1 = Constituted | established_date1 = November 8, 1952 | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | government_footnotes = [1] | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Manon Cyr | leader_title1 = Federal riding | leader_name1 = Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou | leader_title2 = Prov. riding | leader_name2 = Ungava | area_footnotes = [1] | area_total_km2 = 1027.80 | area_land_km2 = 699.31 | area_water_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 7541 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 10.8 | population_blank1_title= Change (2006–11) | population_blank1 = {{decrease}}0.3% | population_blank2_title= Dwellings | population_blank2 = 3474 | timezone = EST | utc_offset = −5 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = −4 | postal_code_type = Postal code(s) | postal_code = G8P | area_code = 418 and 581 | blank_name = Climate | blank_info = Dfc | website = {{URL|www.ville.chibougamau.qc.ca}} | footnotes = }} Chibougamau is a town in central Quebec, Canada, located on Lake Gilman. It has a population of 7,541 people (Canada 2011 Census). Chibougamau is completely surrounded by, but not part of, the Municipality of Baie-James. Due to its remoteness from Lac Saint-Jean (over {{convert|200|km|0|abbr=on}} south-east) and Abitibi-Témiscamingue (over {{convert|250|km|0|abbr=on}} south-west) areas, Chibougamau provides services for a few smaller communities surrounding it (Mistissini, Oujé-Bougoumou and Chapais) and for the regional resource-based industries. Despite Chibougamau's remoteness, it is only about as far north as Winnipeg. Nearby are Lake Aux Dorés and the vast Chibougamau Lake, after which the town was named. Chibougamau means "Gathering place" in Cree. The neighbouring Cree village of Oujé-Bougoumou has the same name with a more traditional Cree spelling. The area surrounding Lake Gilman is Obalski Park. Its amenities include a beach, pier, picnic tables, cabins, among others. The many trails allow for hiking, cycling, cross-country skiing, or even snowmobiling through the park's boreal forest. Access to the town is by Route 167 from Lac Saint-Jean and by Route 113 from Lebel-sur-Quevillon. Chibougamau's airport is along Route 113, about halfway to Chapais. HistoryThe area has long been part of the Cree territory. It was in the early 17th century that French explorers and traders, including Charles Albanel in 1671, came to the Lake Chibougamau area. However, no permanent European settlements were established at that time. Only in the late 19th Century did the area attract the interest of mining prospectors. When gold was discovered in 1903, there were periods of intense exploration. Due to difficulty of access,[1] no lasting development took place at that time. Not until 1949 was copper first exploited,[2] with the opening of a multi-metallic mine in the area, and a permanent community was established in 1952.[2] Chibougamau started out as a company town but soon after, in 1954, it was incorporated as a municipality. Many mines have exploited the area since. While still thought of as a mining town, Chibougamau is now also the centre of a large logging and sawmill[2] industry. From 1962 to 1988s, the Royal Canadian Air Force operated CFS Chibougamau, a radar station in Chibougamau that was part of the Pinetree Line. The complex has now been transformed into a golf complex and an office for a mining company. Since December 2001, the mayor of Chibougamau is also part of the municipal council of Municipality of Baie-James. The city is home to an annual "Folies frettes" festival ("Cold Follies") and a snowmobile rally.[2] Demographics{{Historical populations|title = Historical populations |type = Canada |align = right |width = |state = |shading = |percentages = |footnote = [3] |1991|8855 |1996|8664 |2001|7922 |2006|7563 |2011|7541 }}
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 3222 (total dwellings: 3474) First language:
EducationFrench-language schools in Chibougamau, past and present, are:
The English-language school is MacLean Memorial School , formerly Chibougamau Protestant School. There also used to be a Catholic English-language school called Holy Family School. ClimateChibougamau has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc), despite being located just south of 50 degrees latitude. Winters are long, cold, and snowy with a January high of {{convert|-13.5|C|F|1}} and a low of {{convert|-24.2|C|F|1}}. Summers are warm though short with a July high of {{convert|22.2|C|1}} and a low of {{convert|10.5|C|1}}. Overall precipitation is high for a subarctic climate with an average annual precipitation of {{convert|996|mm|in|0}} and {{convert|313|cm|in|0}} of snow per season. Precipitation is significant year round though February through April are drier.[15] {{Weather box|location = Chapais (1981−2010) ({{Coord|49|47|N|074|51|W|type:landmark_region:CA-QC|name=Chapais}}) approximately {{Convert|37|km|abbr=on}} southwest |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 8.5 |Feb record high C = 9.0 |Mar record high C = 16.0 |Apr record high C = 28.0 |May record high C = 31.5 |Jun record high C = 34.5 |Jul record high C = 35.0 |Aug record high C = 33.3 |Sep record high C = 29.0 |Oct record high C = 24.4 |Nov record high C = 17.8 |Dec record high C = 11.0 |year record high C = 35.0 |Jan high C = −13.5 |Feb high C = -10.3 |Mar high C = -3.3 |Apr high C = 5.2 |May high C = 13.9 |Jun high C = 20.0 |Jul high C = 22.2 |Aug high C = 20.5 |Sep high C = 14.2 |Oct high C = 6.7 |Nov high C = -1.9 |Dec high C = -9.3 |year high C = 5.4 |Jan mean C = −18.8 |Feb mean C = −16.2 |Mar mean C = -9.5 |Apr mean C = -0.3 |May mean C = 8.1 |Jun mean C = 14.1 |Jul mean C = 16.4 |Aug mean C = 15.0 |Sep mean C = 9.7 |Oct mean C = 3.1 |Nov mean C = -5.2 |Dec mean C = -13.6 |year mean C = 0.2 |Jan low C = −24.2 |Feb low C = −22.2 |Mar low C = −15.5 |Apr low C = -5.7 |May low C = 2.2 |Jun low C = 8.2 |Jul low C = 10.5 |Aug low C = 9.5 |Sep low C = 5.2 |Oct low C = -0.5 |Nov low C = -8.5 |Dec low C = −18.0 |year low C = -4.9 |Jan record low C = −43.3 |Feb record low C = −42.8 |Mar record low C = −38.0 |Apr record low C = −27.2 |May record low C = −16.1 |Jun record low C = -5.6 |Jul record low C = -0.6 |Aug record low C = -2.2 |Sep record low C = −6.0 |Oct record low C = −13.3 |Nov record low C = −30.0 |Dec record low C = −42.0 |year record low C = −43.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 61.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 39.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 50.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 56.6 |May precipitation mm = 82.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 100.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 124.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 100.2 |Sep precipitation mm = 129.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 93.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 93.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 63.5 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 3.2 |Feb rain mm = 2.4 |Mar rain mm = 8.8 |Apr rain mm = 28.7 |May rain mm = 75.5 |Jun rain mm = 100.1 |Jul rain mm = 124.3 |Aug rain mm = 100.2 |Sep rain mm = 128.6 |Oct rain mm = 70.9 |Nov rain mm = 36.7 |Dec rain mm = 5.0 |snow colour = green |Jan snow cm = 58.8 |Feb snow cm = 37.0 |Mar snow cm = 41.6 |Apr snow cm = 29.5 |May snow cm = 6.9 |Jun snow cm = 0.0 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 1.2 |Oct snow cm = 23.0 |Nov snow cm = 56.5 |Dec snow cm = 58.5 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 18.1 |Feb precipitation days = 13.6 |Mar precipitation days = 12.1 |Apr precipitation days = 12.3 |May precipitation days = 14.8 |Jun precipitation days = 16.3 |Jul precipitation days = 17.4 |Aug precipitation days = 17.1 |Sep precipitation days = 20.2 |Oct precipitation days = 19.8 |Nov precipitation days = 19.9 |Dec precipitation days = 19.3 |unit rain days = 0.2 mm |Jan rain days = 0.55 |Feb rain days = 1.1 |Mar rain days = 2.4 |Apr rain days = 6.7 |May rain days = 13.6 |Jun rain days = 16.3 |Jul rain days = 17.4 |Aug rain days = 17.1 |Sep rain days = 20.1 |Oct rain days = 14.5 |Nov rain days = 6.1 |Dec rain days = 1.3 |unit snow days = 0.2 cm |Jan snow days = 18.0 |Feb snow days = 12.9 |Mar snow days = 10.4 |Apr snow days = 7.9 |May snow days = 2.5 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.47 |Oct snow days = 7.4 |Nov snow days = 16.1 |Dec snow days = 18.5 |Jan sun = 90 |Feb sun = 122 |Mar sun = 170 |Apr sun = 164 |May sun = 202 |Jun sun = 234 |Jul sun = 233 |Aug sun = 208 |Sep sun = 113 |Oct sun = 84 |Nov sun = 46 |Dec sun = 66 |source 1 = Environment Canada[5] |source 2= The Weather Network(sunshine data only).[6] |date=February 2012 }} See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^St.-Hilaire, Marc. "Chibougamuau", in The Canadian Encyclopedia (Edmonton: Hurtig Publishing, 1988), Volume 1, p.407. [7][8]2. ^1 2 3 St.-Hilaire, p.407. 3. ^Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3518001&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=35&B1=All|title=Pickering, Ontario (City) Census Subdivision|publisher=Statistics Canada|work=Community Profiles, Canada 2006 Census}} 5. ^1 {{cite web| publisher = Environment Canada| url = ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/| title = Chapais 2| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010| accessdate = October 6, 2013}} 6. ^Statistics, Accessed 10 March 2012. 7. ^1 2 3 {{mamrot |type=municipalite |99025}} 8. ^1 {{toponymie |13148}} }} Sources
External links{{commons category|Chibougamau}}
3 : Chibougamau|Hudson's Bay Company trading posts|Jamésie |
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