“Chifir”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Chifir

释义

Etymology
Preparation
In popular culture
See also
References

Chifir ({{lang-ru|чифи́рь|translit=čifir'}}, or alternatively, {{lang|ru|чифи́р|translit=čifir}}) is an exceptionally strong tea, associated with and brewed in Soviet and post-Soviet detention facilities such as gulags and prisons.

Etymology

The etymology is uncertain but is thought to come from the word "chikhir'" (чихирь) meaning a strong Caucasian wine, or a Siberian word for wine that has gone off and become sour and acidic.^[1]

Preparation

Chifir is typically prepared with 5–8 tablespoons (50–100 ml) of loose tea (or tea bags) per person poured on top of the boiled water.{{Cn|date=October 2013}} It is brewed without stirring – at least until the leaves drop to the bottom of the cup.{{Cn|date=October 2013}} During the brewing process the caffeine breaks down, and the leaves start to pour adenine and guanine into the water, which does not happen during traditional tea-making.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} Sugar is sometimes added; the nature of the brew tends to result in a bitter flavor.^[2]

It is to be drunk slowly, otherwise it may cause vomiting.{{cn|date=October 2014}} Ultimately, making chifir involves brewing a great deal of black tea and for a long time. It may be left to brew overnight and drunk either hot or cold.

In popular culture

Irina Ratushinskaya describes the brewing of narcotically-strong chifir as a banned activity sometimes undertaken by prisoners, in her memoir of her years as a political prisoner, Grey Is The Colour Of Hope.
In Vasily Aksyonov's novel Ozhog ('The Burn'), the convict Shilo makes chifir in a tushonka tin and gives it to Tolya von Steinbock. Tolya falls into a blissful, dreamlike state, but is awake enough to overhear an escape plan being hatched.
In the Gabriele Salvatores-directed film Deadly Code, the character played by John Malkovich prepares and describes chifir to the young Kolyma as he outlines the responsibilities of protecting what he calls "the gifts of god," a term he uses to refer to people having a possible intellectual disability
In the novel Gorky Park by Martin Cruz Smith (1981) the main character Arkady Renko drinks chifir on a train with workers on their way to a work camp.

References

1. ^Чифирь {{ru icon}}
2. ^Чай, чифирь, купец {{ru icon}}

{{teas}}Tchifir

2 : Tea varieties|Russian tea

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Etymology

Preparation

In popular culture

See also

References