| 释义 |
- Flora and fauna
- History Spanish colony (1567–1826) Royalist stronghold (1812–1826) Chilean republic (1826 onward)
- Culture Architecture Chilote Spanish Cuisine Mythology
- Demographics and economy Tourism
- See also
- References
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chiloe Archipelago
| native_name = Archipiélago de Chiloé
| official_name =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| flag_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_size = 150px
| shield_alt =
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| image_map = Archipiélago de Chiloé-blank.PNG
| mapsize =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of Chiloé Archipelago
| latd =
| latm =
| lats =
| latNS =
| longd =
| longm =
| longs =
| longEW =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_type =
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| coordinates_region =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|Chile}}
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = Los Lagos
| subdivision_type2 = Province
| subdivision_name2 = Chiloé
| seat_type = Capital city
| seat = Castro
| area_total_km2 = 9181
| area_note = (1.21% of Chile)
| population_as_of = 2012
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 167659
| population_note =
| population_blank1_title =
| population_blank1 =
| population_blank2_title = Percent
| population_blank2 = 0.91% of Chile
| population_density_km2 = auto| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | demographics_type2 = | demographics2_footnotes = | demographics2_title1 = | demographics2_info1 = | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank1_name_sec1 = Official languages| blank1_info_sec1 = Chilote Spanish| blank2_name_sec1 = Demonym| blank2_info_sec1 = Chilot (es: Chilote)| blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | blank1_name_sec2 = | blank1_info_sec2 = | blank2_name_sec2 = | blank2_info_sec2 = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_party = | website = | footnotes = }}The Chiloé Archipelago ({{lang-es|Archipiélago de Chiloé}}; {{IPA-es|tʃi.lo.ˈe|pron}}) is a group of islands lying off the coast of Chile, in the Los Lagos Region. It is separated from mainland Chile by the Chacao Channel in the north, the Sea of Chiloé in the east and the Gulf of Corcovado in the southeast. The archipelago forms the Chiloé Province (except for the Desertores Islands in the east, which are part of Palena Province). The main island is Chiloé Island (Isla Grande de Chiloé).Chiloé is derived from the Mapuche word chillwe, meaning "seagull place". Chill or chülle refers to the brown-hooded gull, and the -we suffix means 'place'. The adjective and demonym for this region is chilote in the masculine and chilota in the feminine.Chiloé is widely known for its distinctive folklore, mythology, cuisine and unique architecture. The variety of potato which is most widely grown throughout the world is indigenous to the islands.==Geography==The Chiloé Province ({{lang-es|Provincia de Chiloé}}) includes all of the Chiloé Archipelago except the Grupo Desertores islands, plus the Isla Guafo, for a total land area of approximately {{convert|9181|km2|sqmi|abbr=off}}. The administrative center of the province is the city of Castro, while the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic bishopric is Ancud. The province of Chiloé is part of the Los Lagos Region (Región de los Lagos), which primarily consists of the Chilean lakes region on the mainland north of Chiloé; the administrative center of the region is Puerto Montt.Chiloé Island is by far the largest island in the archipelago, at {{convert|8394|km2|sqmi|abbr=off}}. It is roughly rectangular, with its long axis oriented from north to south. To the east of Chiloé Island lies the Sea of Chiloé, which contains most of the other islands in the archipelago. The Sea of Chiloé is a marginal sea separating Chiloé Island from Palena Province (also called Continental Chiloé). The main islands in the Sea of Chiloé are Quinchao, Lemuy, Tranqui, and Desertores Islands. To the northeast and southeast of the archipelago lie the Gulf of Ancud and the Gulf of Corcovado; the former is part of the Sea of Chiloé. Some {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=off}} southwest of Chiloé Island lies Guafo Island, the southernmost island of the archipelago.Chiloé Island is separated from the Chilean mainland by the {{convert|2|km|mi|-wide|abbr=off|adj=mid}} Chacao Channel in the north. Most of the good harbors are located on the island's northern and eastern shores. The eastern shore is marked by a series of peninsulas and inlets, notably Estero de Castro where the capital, Castro, is located. The western part of Chiloé Island, as well as the whole of Guafo Island, is hilly and covered by forests. The hills are subdivided into two north-south ranges, Piuchén and Pirulil, separated by the lakes Cucao and Huillinco. They contain the highest points in the archipelago, and do not exceed {{convert|800|m|ft|abbr=off}}. Depressions in the western forest are occupied by numerous small lakes and bogs scattered across the landscape.A bridge to the mainland is planned for the archipelago, despite opposition from some residents who fear pollution and habitat destruction.[{{cite news|author=Daltroff, Lucy |date=25 January 2015 |title=The islanders who don't want a bridge to the mainland|newspaper=BBC News Magazine |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-30939461 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6anrvR7hu?url=http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30939461 |archivedate=15 August 2015 |deadurl=no}}]
2. ^{{Cite web|author=Sola, Marcelo |year=2015 |title=Crossing Chacao Channel to get to Chiloé |publisher=InterPatagonia |url=http://www.interpatagonia.com/puertomontt/chacao-channel.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6anwPPf91?url=http://www.interpatagonia.com/puertomontt/chacao-channel.html |archivedate=15 August 2015 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}
3. ^{{cite journal |last=Villagrán |first=Carolina |author-link1=Carolina Villagrán |date=1988 |title=Late quaternary vegetation of southern Isla Grande de Chiloé, Chile |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0033589488900373 |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=294–306 |doi= 10.1016/0033-5894(88)90037-3|access-date=16 November 2015}}
4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Villagrán |first1=Carolina |author-link=Carolina Villagrán |date=1988 |title=Expansion of Magelianic Moorland during the Late Pleistocene: Palynological Evidence from Northern lsla de Chilok, Chile |url= |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=30 |issue= 3|pages=304–314 |doi= 10.1016/0033-5894(88)90006-3|access-date= }}
5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Ramírez |first1=Carlos |last2=San Martin |first2=Cristina|last3=Vidal |first3=Osvaldo|last4=Pérez |first4=Yéssica|last5=Valenzuela |first5=Jorge |last6=Solís |first6=José-Luís|last7=Toledo |first7=Gisela |date=2014 |title=Tundra Subantártica en la Isla Grande de Chiloé, Chile: Flora y vegetación turbosa de campañas|trans-title=Subantarctic Tundra in Chiloé Island, Chile: Flora and vegetation of "Campañas" peat bogs |url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-686X2014000200002&script=sci_arttext |journal=Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages= 17–37|doi=10.4067/S0718-686X2014000200002 |access-date=January 29, 2018|language=Spanish }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582007000300011&lng=en&nrm= |title= Molecular description and similarity relationships among native germplasm potatoes (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L.) using morphological data and AFLP markers |publisher=Electronic Journal of Biotechnology |accessdate=6 December 2009}}
7. ^{{cite web|author=ObsChiloé CECPAN|year=2014|title=ballena franca austral en Pumillahue, Chiloé.|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqQX2PUC4ik&index=27&list=PLAILdeR3ZgA5IH7qVaATjf-YpvUi9Z-fQ|page=YouTube|accessdate=9 March 2015}}
8. ^{{cite book|last=Dillehay|first=Tom D.|title=Monte Verde, a Late Pleistocene Settlement in Chile|year=1997|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington [u.a.]|isbn=9781560986805}}
9. ^{{cite book |last=Trivero Rivera |first=Alberto |date=2005 |title=Los primeros pobladores de Chiloé: Génesis del horizonte mapuche |url= |location= |publisher=Ñuke Mapuförlaget |language=Spanish |page= |isbn=978-91-89629-28-8 |author-link= }}
10. ^1 Daughters, Anton. "Southern Chile's Archipelago of Chiloé: Shifting Identities in a New Economy." Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2016
11. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Hanisch|first=Walter|title=La Isla de Chiloe, Capitana de Rutas Australes|year=1982|publisher=Academia Superior de Ciencias Pedagógicas de Santiago|pages=11–12}}
12. ^{{cite journal |last1=Torrejón |first1=Fernando |last2=Cisternas |first2=Marco|last3=Araneda |first3=Alberto |date=2004 |title=Efectos ambientales de la colonización española desde el río Maullín al archipiélago de Chiloé, sur de Chile |trans-title=Environmental effects of the spanish colonization from de Maullín river to the Chiloé archipelago, southern Chile |url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0716-078X2004000400009&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en |journal=Revista Chilena de Historia Natural |volume=77 |issue= |pages=661–677 |doi= |access-date=|language=Spanish }}
13. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |last1=Moreno, J.|first1=Rodrigo A. |year=2008 |title=Chiloé Archipelago and the Jesuits: The geographic environment of the mission in the XVII and XVIII centuries|journal=Magallania |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=47–55 |doi= }}
14. ^{{cite journal |last1=Gutiérrez|first1=Ramón |year=2007 |title=Las misiones circulares de los jesuitas en Chiloé. Apuntes para una historia singular de la evangelización|journal=Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages= |doi= |url= http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S1657-97632007000100004&script=sci_arttext&tlng=es|accessdate=26 April 2013}}
15. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Ibar Bruce |first1=Jorge |date=1960 |title=Ensayo sobre los indios Chonos e interpretación de sus toponimías |url=https://semanariorepublicano.uchile.cl/index.php/ANUC/article/download/19032/20162 |language=Spanish |journal=Anales de la Universidad de Chile |volume=117 |issue= |pages=61–70 |doi= |access-date= }}
16. ^{{cite journal |last=Urbina Carrasco |first=María Ximena |date=2014 |title=El frustrado fuerte de Tenquehuen en el archipiélago de los Chonos, 1750: Dimensión chilota de un conflicto hispano-británico |url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-71942014000100006&script=sci_arttext |journal=Historia |volume=47 |issue=I |pages= |doi= |access-date=28 January 2016}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Rebelión huilliche de 1712|url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/temas/dest.asp?id=rebelionhuilllichede1712|publisher=Memoria Chilena|accessdate=27 January 2013|language=Spanish}}
18. ^{{cite book|last=Darwin|first=Charles|title=The Voyage of the Beagle|year=1845|publisher=Juhn Murray|location=London|url=http://charles-darwin.classic-literature.co.uk/the-voyage-of-the-beagle/ebook-page-133.asp|accessdate=27 January 2013|page=133}}
19. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Muñoz Sougarret |first1=Jorge |date=2014 |title=Relaciones de dependencia entre trabajadores y empresas chilenas situadas en el extranjero. San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina (1895-1920)|trans-title=Dependence Relationships between Workers and Chilean Companies located abroad. San Car-los de Bariloche, Argentina (1895-1920) |url=http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/trashumante/article/viewFile/18225/16178 |journal=Trashumante: Revista Americana de Historia Social|volume=3 |issue= |pages=74–95|language=Spanish |doi= |access-date=January 3, 2019}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=The Largest Earthquake in the World|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1960_05_22.php|publisher=US Geological Survey|accessdate=27 January 2013}}
21. ^Daughters, Anton. "Southern Chile's Archipelago of Chiloé: Shifting Identities in a New Economy." Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 21:2 pp.317-335 (July 2016)
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/971 |title=Churches of Chiloé - UNESCO World Heritage Centre |author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|publisher=whc.unesco.org|accessdate=2016-03-10}}
23. ^Rivas, Pilar; Ocampo, Carlos (2002). "El antiguo curanto chilote". Fondecyt 1020616 “Proceso y orígenes del poblamiento marítimo de los canales patagónicos: Chiloé y el núcleo septentrional" (in Spanish)
24. ^{{cite web|author1=Ariston Anderson|title=Tourism comes (slowly) to Chile's best-kept secret|url=http://travel.cnn.com/tourism-comes-slowly-chiles-best-kept-secret-297496|website=CNN|accessdate=14 July 2014|date=25 January 2013}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Fundación|url=http://www.iglesiasdechiloe.cl/?page_id=26|website=Iglesias de Chiloé|accessdate=14 July 2014|language=Spanish}}
{{Chiloe Archipelago}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiloe Archipelago}}{{coord|42|36|S|73|57|W|type:isle_source:kolossus-ptwiki|display=title}} 4 : Chiloé Archipelago|Archipelagoes of Chile|Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean|Islands of Los Lagos Region |