| 词条 | Chocolate-backed kingfisher |
| 释义 |
| name = Chocolate-backed kingfisher | taxon = Halcyon badia | image = Halcyon badia PLoS.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | display_parents = 2 | authority = Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851 | synonyms = }} The chocolate-backed kingfisher (Halcyon badia) is a species of kingfisher in the subfamily Halcyoninae which occurs in western Sub-Saharan Africa. DescriptionThe chocolate-backed kingfisher has the typical stocky kingfisher shape with dark upper parts and pure white underparts. The head and hind neck are very dark brown, the mantle is brownish black, the back is black, the rump a brilliant iridescent blue, the upper tail coverts are black, and the tail is pale blue. The wings are dark, apart from a brilliant azure speculum formed in the outer webs of the secondary feathers. The underparts from the throat to the vent are snowy white, apart from a small blackish flank patch, and are clearly demarcated from the dark upper parts. In flight the brilliant blue rump and speculum are distinctive. The bill is red or reddish brown. Juveniles are similar to adults, except that the breast is scalloped and the bill is blackish with an orange tip.[2] VoiceA harsh screeching alarm note is given. The song is a high pitched, barely audible introductory "pee" followed by 12-17 long flutelike pure tones which are evenly spaced and far carrying, lasting 5–7 seconds, and sometimes falling away toward the last few notes.[2] DistributionThe chocolate-backed kingfisher occurs in western tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Ghana in the west, then a gap, and from southern Nigeria east to southern Central African Republic and western Uganda south to the Kwango River in northern Angola. It is also found on Bioko.[4] HabitatThe chocolate-backed kingfisher is not associated with water and is a bird of primary and secondary lowland rain forest.[3] HabitsThe chocolate-backed kingfisher spends much of its time perched quietly quite high up in trees that overlook a clearing. It flies out from this perch to catch prey in the air or drops from the perch onto prey on the ground. It has been recorded attacking columns of driver ants and feeding on either the driver ants themselves or the insects their columns flush. They feed on insects, mainly grasshoppers and beetles, but also many other invertebrates as well as small lizards.[2] They excavate their nests in the earth nests of the arboreal termites of the genus Nasutitermes. The termites fix their nests to a liana or vine or angled branch at about 4–5 m (13–16 ft) above the forest floor. The kingfishers excavate their nest horizontally from the side and can dig out most of the termite's structure; the termites react by sealing themselves off from the cavity created by the birds. They also sometimes use hanging ant nests.[2] References1. ^{{IUCN|id=22683237 |title=Halcyon badia |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} {{Halcyoninae}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1274112}}{{DEFAULTSORT:kingfisher, chocolate-backed}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book | author1 = C. Hilary Fry | author2 = Kathie Fry | author3 = Alan Harris | year = 1992 | title = Kingfishers Bee-eaters and Rollers | publisher = Christopher Helm | pages = 146–147 | ISBN =0-71368028-8}} 3. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.hbw.com/species/chocolate-backed-kingfisher-halcyon-badia | title = Chocolate-backed Kingfisher (Halcyon badia) | accessdate = 2016-11-25 | publisher = Lynx Edicions|work = HBW Alive}} 5 : Halcyon (genus)|Birds of the Gulf of Guinea|Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa|Birds described in 1851|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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