| 词条 | Choco pie |
| 释义 |
| name = Choco pie | image = Chocolate Pie.jpg | caption = | alternate_name = | country = United States | region = | national_cuisine = | creator = | year = 1917 | mintime = | maxtime = | type = Snack cake | course = | served = | main_ingredient = | minor_ingredient = | variations = | serving_size = 100 g | calories = | protein = | fat = | carbohydrate = | glycemic_index = | similar_dish = | other = }}{{Infobox Korean name | title = Korean name | hangul = {{lang|ko|초코파이}} | hanja = | rr = chokopai | mr = ch'ok'op'ai | koreanipa = {{IPA-ko|tɕʰo.kʰo.pʰa.i}} }} A choco pie ({{Korean|hangul=초코파이|labels=no}}) is a snack cake consisting of two small round layers of cake with marshmallow filling and a chocolate covering. The term originated in America but is now also used in parts of Japan, South Korea and many other countries as either a brand name or a generic term. Names for similar confections in other places include chocolate marshmallow pie,[1] Wagon Wheels, angel pie,[2] Jos Louis, and moon pie. HistoryVariations of the original go back to as far as 1917 in the southern United States. In 1929, Chattanooga Bakery created the Moon Pie with marshmallow filling and Graham crackers for local miners in Chattanooga, Tennessee.[3] In Japan, the confectionery became popular after American soldiers introduced it after the Second World War. In 1958 the Morinaga confectionary company introduced the "Angel pie", a chocolate covered marshmallow and cake sandwich (also called a "half life cake").[4] In 1973, a member of the R&D team of the Korean firm Tongyang Confectionery visited a hotel in Georgia, US, and was inspired by the chocolate-coated sweets available in the hotel's restaurant. He returned to South Korea and began experimenting with a chocolate biscuit cake, creating the “choco pie” as it is known to Koreans.[5] The name "Choco Pie" became popular when Tongyang first released the Orion Choco Pie, and was well received by Korean children as well as the elderly because of its affordable price and white marshmallow filling. Tongyang Confectionery later renamed the company Orion Confectionery thanks to the success of the Orion Choco Pie brand. In 1979 Lotte Confectionery began to sell a similar confection. When Lotte Confectionery put the Lotte Choco Pie on the market, it chose to spell the prefix 'Cho' slightly differently in Hangul from how Tongyang was spelling it. Haitai and Crown Confectionery also began selling their own versions of choco pies. Lotte also began selling as Choco Pie in Japan in 1983. In 1999, after many years of sales of different "Choco Pie" products, Tongyang (Orion) filed a lawsuit against Lotte for their use of the term "Choco Pie", claiming the name was their intellectual property. The court ruled, however, that Tongyang was responsible for having allowed its brand name to become, over time, a generic trademark and that the term "choco pie" was to be considered a common noun due to its generic descriptive sense in reference to confections of similar composition.[6] In 2016, Orion released a banana-flavored Choco Pie to celebrate its 60th anniversary. It is the first variation of the original product in 42 years since the company launched the Choco Pie with marshmallow cream in 1974.[7] In 2017, Orion launched its premium choco pie Brand, "Choco Pie House." [8] ExportStarting in the 2000s, Orion began using the Choco Pie to gain a foothold in foreign markets, and now controls a two-thirds share of the Chinese snack market, with a third of Orion's revenue coming from outside Korea in 2006.[9] Around 12.1 billion Choco Pies have been sold all over the world.[10] Orion has a share in four major markets – South Korea, Russia, Vietnam and China. In 2016, Choco Pie, which sold 600 million packs in Russia, is called the 'National Pie'.[11] The snack has also been particularly successful in Pakistan, India, Vietnam and Taiwan. North KoreaExports of choco pies to North Korea have been very popular, with North Korean workers at the Kaesong Industrial Complex in North Korea receiving choco pies in lieu of cash bonuses, which were seen as too capitalistic.[12][13] Prior to the closing of the complex during the 2013 Korean crisis, workers received choco pies, which had become a favorite snack at Kaesong and also a symbol of capitalism,[14] in addition to their wages.[15] However, the workers at Kaesong would often resell their pies on the black market. In 2010, The Chosun Ilbo reported that choco pies could fetch as much as US$9.50 on the North Korean black market.[16] Between 2008 and 2014, the Lotte corporation estimated that it sent 1.2 million boxes of Choco Pie to North Korea.[17] In the wake of tensions surrounding its nuclear tests, the North Korean government temporarily shut down the Kaesung complex in 2013.[18] This cut the supply of choco pies and drove the price in North Korea even higher.[19] When the complex resumed operations after a five-month halt, employers were forbidden from paying choco pie bonuses, and advised to instead give bonuses of "sausages, noodles, coffee and chocolate".[20][21] North Korea also responded to the choco pie speculation by producing its own variant of the snack.[22] In 2014 South Korean activists used helium balloons to launch 10,000 choco pies over the border to North Korea.[23][24] Artist Jin Joo Chae made the controversy a subject of her prints and sculptures the same year, printing, with chocolate, real and imagined Choco Pie slogans onto North Korean newspapers, and simulating a black market for the snack in the gallery.[25] In 2017 a severely injured North Korean defector who crossed the DMZ to South Korea was given a lifetime supply of choco pies by their manufacturer.[26][27] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.littledebbie.com/102.55/Marshmallow-Pies---Chocolate |title=Chocolate Marshmallow Pies |work=McKee Foods website |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://japanesesnackreviews.blogspot.com/2010/07/angel-pie-mini.html |title=Angel Pie (Mini) |author=Orchid64 |date=July 16, 2010 |work=Japanese Snack Reviews |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Dale Volberg Reed|author2=John Shelton Reed|author3=John T. Edge|title=Cornbread Nation 4: The Best of Southern Food Writing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wO3Ly6NUpT4C&pg=PA153|year=2008|publisher=University of Georgia Press|isbn=978-0-8203-3089-1|pages=153–}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.morinaga.co.jp/angelpie/|title=エンゼルパイ – 森永製菓株式会社|website=www.morinaga.co.jp}} 5. ^{{cite web|script-title=ko:오리온 초코파이|url=http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?Total_ID=3552767|publisher=The Financial News|accessdate=5 May 2011|author=남형도기자|date=31 March 2009|language=Korean}} 6. ^{{cite news |publisher=Chosun Ilbo |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/1999/08/05/1999080561428.html |date=5 August 1999 |accessdate=4 September 2012 |title=Choco Pie" is a "Common Noun}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2016/03/123_199783.html|title=Chocolate pie with banana taste hits market|publisher=The Korea Times|author=Bahk Eun-ji|date=7 March 2016|access-date=6 October 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.koreadailyus.com/choco-pie-now-available-various-flavors-including-red-velvet/|title=Choco Pie Now Available in Various Flavors Including Red Velvet |publisher= The Korea Daily|website=www.koreadailyus.com}} 9. ^{{cite web|last=Kelly|first=Tim|title=Cookie Monster|url=http://members.forbes.com/global/2006/0227/026A.html|publisher=Forbes.com LLC|accessdate=17 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711020145/http://members.forbes.com/global/2006/0227/026A.html|archivedate=11 July 2011|date=27 February 2006}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chocopie.co.kr |title=(Korean) |publisher=Orion Confectionery|date= |language=Korean|accessdate=30 December 2009}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.joins.com/article/22185118|title=오리온 "러시아서 초코파이 한해 10억 개로 확대 생산"|date=2017-12-07|work=중앙일보|access-date=2018-04-07|language=ko-KR}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/01/choco-pies-north-koreans|title=Choco Pies offer North Koreans a taste of the other side|first=Tania|last=Branigan|date=1 May 2013|website=the Guardian}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/north-korea-bans-popular-choco-pie-snack-from-south-korea-to-avoid-ideological-unrest-reports|title=North Korea bans popular Choco Pie snack from South Korea to ‘avoid ideological unrest’: reports|date=4 July 2014|publisher=}} 14. ^{{cite news|author=Donald Kirk |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/KE21Dg01.html |title=Pyongyang chokes on sweet capitalism |publisher=Asia Times Online |date=21 May 2009 |accessdate=30 December 2009}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/07/01/north-korea-has-reportedly-banned-choco-pies/|title=North Korea has reportedly banned Choco Pies|first=Terrence|last=McCoy|date=1 July 2014|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}} 16. ^{{cite news |publisher=Chosun Ilbo |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/01/12/2010011200624.html| title=Choco Pie Rules Black Market in N.Korea |date=12 January 2010 |accessdate=15 January 2010}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180530000701|title=Food groups pin hopes on improvement in inter-Korean ties|first=The Korea|last=Herald|date=30 May 2018|publisher=}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-satellite-kaesong-idUSKCN0VJ0N7|title=South Korea suspends operations at joint factory park with North|first=Ju-min|last=Park|publisher=}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&num=10990|title=NK Choco Pie Price Falls on KIC News|website=www.dailynk.com|language=ko|access-date=2018-04-09}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/north-korea-bans-workers-from-receiving-choco-pies-as-black-market-trade-flourishes-9576923.html|title=North Korea bans workers from receiving 'Choco Pies' as black market|publisher=}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/the-choco-pie-dividend-south-korean-firms-are-drooling-at-the-prospect-of-business-in-the-north/2018/06/17/3a6e7cc8-6f8b-11e8-bf86-a2351b5ece99_story.html|title=The Choco Pie dividend: South Korean firms are drooling at the prospect of business in the North|first1=Brian|last1=Murphy|first2=Michelle Ye Hee|last2=Lee|date=17 June 2018|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/11666825/North-Korea-launches-Choco-Pie-counter-strike.html|title=North Korea launches Choco Pie counter-strike|first=Julian|last=Ryall|date=11 June 2015|publisher=|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/30/south-korean-activists-choco-pie-balloons|title=South Korean activists launch 'Choco Pie' balloons|first=Agence|last=France-Presse|date=30 July 2014|website=the Guardian}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/07/31/south-korea-choco-pies-north-korea/13414039/|title=Choco Pie-filled balloons launched at North Korea|publisher=}} 25. ^Erdos, Elleree. "Jin Joo Chae: The Choco Pie-ization of North Korea," Art in Print, Vol. 4 No. 1 (May–June 2014). 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/north-korean-defector-receives-free-chocolate-pies-life-750564|title=When he woke up from surgery, the 25-year-old North Korea defector said he wanted to eat a Choco Pie|date=16 December 2017|publisher=}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2017/12/20/north-korea-defector-gets-lifetime-supply-of-choco-pies/|title=North Korea defector gets lifetime supply of Choco Pies|date=20 December 2017|publisher=}} External links
3 : Bakers' confectionery|Chocolate desserts|American cuisine |
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