| 词条 | Chornomorsk | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Chornomorsk |native_name = Чорноморськ |settlement_type = City of regional significance |image_skyline =Обеліск, Іллічівськ.jpg |image_caption =Monument of Glory |image_shield = Chornomorsk gerb.png |image_flag = Chornomorsk prapor.png |shield_size =90px |pushpin_map = Ukraine Odessa Oblast#Ukraine |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = |subdivision_type =Country |subdivision_name ={{UKR}} |subdivision_type1 =Oblast |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Odessa Oblast}} |subdivision_type2 =Municipality |subdivision_name2 =Chornomorsk |population_as_of =2015 |population_total =59,851 |area_total_km2 =25 |elevation_m =29 |population_footnotes =[1] |timezone =EET |utc_offset =+2 |timezone_DST =EEST |utc_offset_DST =+3 |coordinates = {{coord|46|18|06.0|N|30|39|25.0|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = Cfb |postal_code_type =Postal code |postal_code =68000—68090 |area_code =+380 4868 |website =cmr.gov.ua }} Chornomorsk ({{lang-uk|Чорномо́рськ}}), formerly Illichivsk ({{Lang-uk|Іллічі́вськ}}, translit. Illichivs'k, {{Lang-ru|Ильичёвск}}, {{lang|ru-latn|Ilyichyovsk}}) is a city in the Odessa Oblast (province) of south-western Ukraine, dependent on the Port of Chornomorsk. The city is located around the Sukhyi Estuary. Administratively, Chornomorsk is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. Population: {{Ua-pop-est2015|59,851}} Originally, the city was established as a satellite town of Odessa. GeographyChornomorsk is situated on the coast of the Black Sea, {{Convert|12|mi|-1}} south from Odessa. Administrative statusChornomorsk is a city of oblast significance within Odessa Oblast. History{{expand section|date=May 2013}}Before the construction of a port with a city, the region was the site of a number of unorganized farmsteads and hamlets (khutir) that were collectively known as Buhovi khutory ({{lang-uk|Бугові Хутори}}) that were located on agricultural lots of a local landowner Andriy Buhovyi. After establishing of the Soviet regime and "nationalization" and collectivization of the area, in 1927 the settlement was renamed into Illichivskyi Khutir. In 1952 a port was established, and its surrounding territory was urbanized and converted into a city of Illichivsk. The city was designed to become a new home for the Black Sea Shipping Company (then the largest passenger and commercial vessel operator in the world). Originally a builder's trailer village, Chornomorsk has expanded to become Ukraine's most prosperous town by income per capita. Residents are mostly employed by the port (one of the largest ports of Europe) and the maritime industry. Residents of Odessa have recently begun relocating to lower-cost but higher-income Chornomorsk. On 15 May 2015 President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed a bill into law which began a six months period for the removal of communist monuments and the mandatory renaming of settlements with names related to Communism.[2] On 12 November 2015, the City Council decided to rename the city to Chornomorsk (after the Black Sea coast upon which the city is found). The decision was confirmed by the Verkhovna Rada (the Ukrainian parliament) on 4 February 2016.[3] The city was originally named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union. DemographicsAccording to the 2001 Ukrainian Census:
EconomyTrain ferry service to Bulgaria{{see also|UkrFerry}}Chornomorsk was connected by freight train ferry line (426 km) to Varna in Bulgaria in 1978. Four train ferries two Soviet and two Bulgarian ones, named "Hero of Odessa", "Hero of Sevastopol" and "Hero of Schipka", "Hero of Pleven" which could take in three decks a total of 108 two bogie (four axle) Soviet freight cars. In the first ten-year period (1978–1988), these train ferries had transported 1.000.000 freight cars between Illichivsk and Varna. This train ferry service took 17 hours in both directions. The Bulgarians built gauge changing apparatus at Varna which made it possible to change bogies of 24 freight cars in one hour thirty minutes. Industries{{see also|Port of Chornomorsk}}Chornomorsk's economy is largely oriented to the sea. The biggest employer is the Port of Chornomorsk. The headquarters and manufacturing facilities of "Antarctica" (Ukraine's largest fishing company) are located in the city, and other major maritime shipping companies have also chosen to open their offices there. The city also has a freight railway station. The port is on one of the freight routes of China's proposed Eurasian Land Bridge (part of the "New Silk Road"), which would see an eastern link to China via ferry to Georgia, Azerbaijan and across the Caspian Sea, and a western link by train to western Europe.[4] International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine}}Twin towns – Sister citiesChornomorsk is twinned with:
References{{Refimprove|date=May 2013}}1. ^Державний комітет статистики України. Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2011 року, Київ-2011 (doc) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010205321/http://stat6.stat.lviv.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ/2011/chnas.zip |date=10 October 2012 }} 2. ^Poroshenko signed the laws about decomunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015 Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20 [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32267075 Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols], BBC News (14 April 2015) 3. ^Decommunisation continues: Rada renames several towns and villages, UNIAN (4 February 2016) {{cite web|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2016/02/4/7097833/|title=Rada de-communized Artemivsk as well as over hundred cities and villages|date=4 February 2016|publisher=Pravda.com.ua|language=Ukrainian|accessdate=4 February 2016}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Dyussembekova|first1=Zhazira|title=Silk Road Renewed With Launch of New Commercial Transit Route|url=http://astanatimes.com/2016/01/silk-road-renewed-with-launch-of-new-commercial-transit-route/|work=The Astana Times|date=21 January 2016}} External links
8 : Chornomorsk|Cities in Odessa Oblast|Populated places established in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Port cities and towns in Ukraine|Port cities of the Black Sea|Cities of regional significance in Ukraine|City name changes in Ukraine|Former Soviet toponymy in Ukraine |
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