“Chris Milk”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Chris Milk is an American entrepreneur, innovator, director, photographer, and immersive artist. He is founder and CEO of Within (Virtual Reality) (formerly Vrse),^[4] a virtual reality technology company, and co-founder of Here Be Dragons (formerly Vrse.works), a virtual reality production company. Milk began his career directing music videos and commercials for leading artists and brands, and in subsequent years became best known for bridging the gap between emerging technologies and new mediums for storytelling.

Milk's work has been exhibited in museums worldwide, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Tate Modern in London, the Barbican Centre in London, Cent Quatre in Paris, and the Ullens Center for Contemporary Art in Beijing. Milk has been honored with the Grand Prix Cannes Lions, the D&AD Black Pencil, the Grand Clio, and SXSW's 'Best of Show' alongside multiple Grammy nominations, MTV Moon Men, and the UK MVA Innovation Award.

Milk was named in Adweek{{'}}s Creative 100 list in 2015,^[5] as one of the 50 Most Creative People by Advertising Age in 2011 and 2015,^[6]^[7] and one of the "100 Most Creative People in Business" by Fast Company in 2012.^[8] Milk presented at TED in 2015 on the power of virtual reality as a medium to advance humanity, and again in 2016 on the birth of virtual reality as a new art form.^[9]

Early life

Milk was born in Glen Cove, New York. After attending Friends Academy High School, Milk studied Music and Film at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and then earned a B.F.A. in Film, Photography and Computer Graphics at the Academy of Art University in San Francisco, California.^[10]

Career

Music videos, commercials, short films and interactive

Milk began his career directing music videos and commercials for artists and brands including Arcade Fire, U2, Kanye West, Green Day, Johnny Cash, Gnarls Barkley, The Chemical Brothers, John Mellencamp, Courtney Love, Modest Mouse, Nike, O2, Chevy and Nintendo.^[11]

Milk's collaboration with Kanye West on the single "All Falls Down" was shot entirely in first person perspective, a technique he utilized again in a commercial for O2's "Can Do" campaign and his short film "The Last Day Dream",^[12] signaling his future affinity for virtual reality and subjective storytelling. Milk collaborated again with Kanye West on the video for "Touch The Sky", which was in part an homage to Evel Knievel, a childhood hero of Milk's.^[13]

Milk's collaboration with Arcade Fire, Aaron Koblin and Google Creative Lab on "The Wilderness Downtown" in 2010 was one of his first interactive videos that utilized emerging technologies to create new, more personal ways for viewers to connect with digital experiences.^[14]^[15] The browser based video uses HTML5, satellite imagery and Google Street View to incorporate images from a viewer's childhood home mixed with digital footage and CGI elements.^[16] At the end of the video, viewers are encouraged to write a postcard to their younger selves.^[17] "The Wilderness Downtown" was named as one of Time{{'}}s 30 Best Music Videos of all time,^[18] and was exhibited^[19] at MoMA in New York in 2011^[20]

Also in 2010, Milk created "The Johnny Cash Project", a collaboration with Aaron Koblin set to the Johnny Cash song "Ain't No Grave".^[21] In the interactive music video, users can submit drawn frames to be curated into an animated short film built upon a myriad of frames submitted by different users.^[22] As a result, the video constantly evolves and can be arranged by a set of various criteria.^[23]^[24] Users can elect to view the highest rated frames, or all frames that are done in a pointillist or abstract style, for example.^[21] NPR suggested that the digital experience allowed fans to connect with Cash posthumously.^[25]

In 2011, Milk collaborated again with Aaron Koblin and Google Creative Lab on the interactive short film "3 Dreams of Black" based on the track of the same name from the Danger Mouse album Rome, which features Daniele Luppi, Jack White and Norah Jones.^[26] Here, Milk used WebGL to turn a user's web browser into a canvas for creating 3D objects within an interactive, CGI setting.^[27] When viewing the film, which is also told from first person perspective, users can control the vantage point with the use of their mouse. As the user's mouse hovers over the browser window playing the film, 3D objects appear and proliferate within the world of the film. Users can create additional 3D objects to add to the film within the film's website.^[27]

In 2008, Milk directed Second Unit for "A Mother's Promise", the film that introduced Barack Obama at the Democratic National Convention.^[28]

Immersive installations

Milk collaborated with Arcade Fire, ESKI and Moment Factory in 2011 to create an interactive experience called "Summer Into Dust" for concert goers at the closing of the 2011 Coachella Music Festival. During Arcade Fire's final song, "Wake Up", cascades of beach balls were released onto the crowd. Milk and his team had fit LEDs and IR transmitters into each ball to light paint kaleidoscopic patterns across the audience.^[29] The balls physically connected the audience with the band and their performance, and the moment has been widely credited as the highlight of the festival.^[30]^[31]^[32]

In 2012, Milk created "The Treachery of Sanctuary", an interactive immersive art installation currently touring the world with The Creators Project.^[33] It is a large-scale interactive installation that utilizes the Microsoft Kinect to project and manipulate a participant's shadow onto a triptych. In the first panel, shadows of birds congregate to form the participant's shadow. In the second panel, the participant's shadow is torn apart by the birds. In the third, the participant's shadow sprouts wings, allowing the shadow to fly out of the frame as the participant flaps their arms. The triptych created a cycle that according to Milk interprets the universal human experience of birth, death and transfiguration.^[34] "The Treachery of Sanctuary" was exhibited at the Onassis Cultural center in Greece,^[35] and was selected to be a part of the Sundance Film Festival's New Frontier exhibition in January 2016.^[36]

Also in 2012, Milk collaborated with Aaron Koblin to create "The Exquisite Forest", a collaborative online experience that allows participants to create branching animated narratives.^[37] In the piece, a series of trees represent a series of narratives, each beginning with the seed of an initial animation. As participants create new animations to add to the narrative, the animated trees branch out, creating a representation of the multiple narratives spawned by user input.^[38] The piece was exhibited at the Tate Modern in London between 2012 and 2013.^[39]

Virtual reality

Milk's first virtual reality production was a collaboration with musical artist Beck entitled "Sound and Vision".^[40] The project was initially released online, giving viewers the choice to watch Beck perform from the vantage point of different 360 degree cameras, and further allowed viewers to use their computer's mouse to change their viewing perspective.^[41] Milk invented a binaural audio recording instrument^[40] in order to capture sound in a 3D environment to mimic real life human experience. The result allows the audio to shift perspective in accordance with what the viewer is seeing, creating a natural virtual experience for the audience member. In the tradition of his work on "The Wilderness Downtown" and Rome, Milk utilized modern technologies to further expand the viewing experience: viewers could enable their computer's webcam to shift the perspective of the 360 video up, down, left and right with the tilt of their head.^[42]

In 2014, Milk and Aaron Koblin founded Within (Virtual Reality) (formerly Vrse^[43]), a virtual reality technology company and sister company Vrse.works.^[44] Within is a leading virtual reality company that builds the technology to create and distribute the most innovative human stories in virtual reality.^[45] Sister company Here Be Dragons^[46] (formerly Vrse.works) has partnered with top talent in film and television and represents a world class roster of directors for virtual reality content creation.^[47] The company has already produced award-winning immersive content including Clouds Over Sidra with the United Nations, and work with The New York Times, Vice, NBC, and Nike.^[48] Vrse.farm is working in partnership with Megan Ellison's Annapurna Pictures to develop original cinematic work in virtual reality.^[49] The Within app is currently available on iOS and Android, works with Google Cardboard and Samsung Gear VR, and will be available on the Oculus Rift, PlayStation VR and HTC Vive when they are released to the public in 2016.^[50]

Virtual reality projects

Through Within^[51] and Vrse.works, Milk has explored Virtual Reality as a means to tell documentaries, narratives, and share live experiences.^[52]^[53]

In December 2014, Milk and Spike Jonze captured the Millions March in New York, which protested police brutality for Vice News.^[54] Milk launched the Within app platform at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival in addition to "Evolution of Verse", a photo-realistic CGI-rendered 3-D virtual reality film, and "Clouds Over Sidra", a virtual reality documentary made in partnership with the United Nations which follows a 12-year-old girl's life in a Syrian refugee camp.^[55] After the Sundance launch, Vrse.works captured Saturday Night Live’s 40th Anniversary special in VR.^[56] Milk created "Walking New York" with Zach Richter, a VR experience made in partnership with The New York Times which follows French artist JR and his making of a 150-foot-tall portrait of a recent immigrant to NYC that was wheat pasted across the Flatiron Building Pedestrian Plaza for less than 24 hours. Vrse.works recently partnered again with the United Nations to create the VR experience Waves of Grace. The film transports viewers to West Point, the most populous slum in the capital of Liberia, and follows the experience of Decontee Davis, an Ebola survivor who uses her immunity to help others affected by the disease.^[57] Most recently, Milk and his team have released music videos for U2 and Muse in partnership with Apple Music. In the video for U2’s "Song for Someone," singers from around the world sing alongside U2 within the virtual environment.^[58] In Muse’s "Revolt," viewers watch from the point of view of multiple drones as the music spawns a revolution.^[59]

Videography

Music videos

Television commercials

Personal life

Of his practice of Transcendental Meditation Milk said in 2016, "There’s a really transcendental quality to virtual reality. ... TM is a really great portal into exploring those states within yourself. Virtual reality is basically an authored dream state."^[60]

References

1. ^{{cite news|url = https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/30/-sp-chris-milk-digital-artist-taking-music-videos-into-future-barbican-digital-revolution|title = Chris Milk: the digital artist making music videos fly into the future|date = 30 June 2014 |accessdate =30 June 2015 |website =theguardian.com |publisher =The Guardian|last = Parkin|first = Simon}}
2. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://milk.co/bio |title=Bio - Chris Milk |publisher=Milk.co (official website |quote=Milk was born and raised in Glen Cove NY, and lives in Los Angeles)}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/06/vr-vrse-new-name-millions-funding/|title=The VR company Vrse is changing its name to Within, and about to spend $12.56 million of VC money|publisher=}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.with.in|title=WITHIN|website=WITHIN}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/meet-adweeks-creative-100-americas-most-inventive-talent-marketing-media-and-tech-165993|title=The Adweek Creative 100: America's Most Inventive Talent in Marketing, Media and Tech|publisher=}}
6. ^{{cite web|title = Creativity 50 2011: Chris Milk and Aaron Koblin|url = http://adage.com/article/creativity-50/creativity-50-2011-chris-milk-aaron-koblin/227940/|website = adage.com|accessdate = 2015-12-12}}
7. ^{{Cite web|title = Creativity 50 2015 All Stars: Chris Milk and Aaron Koblin|url = http://adage.com/article/special-report-creativity-50-2015/creativity-50-2015-stars-chris-milk-aaron-koblin/301865/|website = adage.com|accessdate = 2015-12-21}}
8. ^{{cite web|title = 83. Chris Milk|url = http://www.fastcompany.com/3018267/most-creative-people-2012/83-chris-milk|website = Fast Company|accessdate = 2015-12-12|language = en-US}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/chris_milk_the_birth_of_virtual_reality_as_an_art_form|title=The birth of virtual reality as an art form|publisher=}}
10. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.academyart.edu/about-us/facts-about-us|title = Academy of Art University Notable Alumni|date = |accessdate = 2 November 2016|website = |publisher = Academy of Art University|last = |first = }}
11. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.radicalmedia.com/usa/commercials/chris-milk|title = Chris Milk Filmography|date = |accessdate = |website = Radical Media|publisher = |last = |first = }}
12. ^{{cite web|url = https://vimeo.com/4155700|title = Last Day Dream|date = |accessdate = |website = Vimeo|publisher = |last = |first = }}
13. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.ted.com/talks/chris_milk_how_virtual_reality_can_create_the_ultimate_empathy_machine?language=en|title = "How Virtual Reality Can Created The Ultimate Empathy Machine" - Chris Milk at TED|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}
14. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.thewildernessdowntown.com/|title = The Wilderness Downtown – official website|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}
15. ^{{Cite news|url = http://mashable.com/2010/08/30/arcade-fires-chrome-video/#5wEj3d7W6Zq0|title = Arcade Fire's Experimental New Video Shows What's Possible with HTML5|last = Ehrlich|first = Brenna|date = August 30, 2010|work = Mashable|access-date = |via = }}
16. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.chromeexperiments.com/arcadefire/|title = Chrome Experiments - Arcade Fire|date = |accessdate = |website = Chrome Experiments|publisher = Google|last = |first = }}
17. ^{{cite web|url = https://twitter.com/wilderness_m|title = Wilderness Machine|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = Twitter|last = |first = }}
18. ^{{cite web|url = http://entertainment.time.com/2011/07/28/the-30-all-time-best-music-videos/|title = The 30 All-TIME Best Music Videos|date = July 26, 2011|accessdate = |website = Time|publisher = |last = Sanburn|first = Josh}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/artists/40154?locale=it|title=Chris Milk - MoMA|website=www.moma.org}}
20. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2011/talktome/objects/146353/|title = MoMA - Talk to Me - Wilderness Downtown|date = 2010|accessdate = |website = MoMA|publisher = |last = |first = }}
21. ^¹{{cite web|url = http://www.thejohnnycashproject.com/|title = The Johnny Cash Project|date = |accessdate = |website = Official Website|publisher = |last = |first = }}
22. ^{{cite web|url = http://docubase.mit.edu/project/the-johnny-cash-project/|title = The Johnny Cash Project|date = |accessdate = |website = MIT Open Documentary Lab|publisher = MIT|last = |first = }}
23. ^{{cite web|url = http://mashable.com/2010/10/27/johnny-cash-project/#fPCBd3hyYaqk|title = Crowd-Sourced Johnny Cash Music Video Is a Work of Digital Art|date = October 27, 2010|accessdate = |website = |publisher = Mashable|last = Ehrlich|first = Brenna}}
24. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.fastcompany.com/1615837/johnny-cash-project-living-portrait|title = The Johnny Cash Project: A 'Living Portrait'|date = April 14, 2010|accessdate = |website = |publisher = Fast Company|last = Kuang|first = Cliff}}
25. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.npr.org/2011/02/05/133509760/a-chance-to-work-with-johnny-cash-beyond-the-grave|title = A Chance to Work With Johnny Cash Beyond The 'Grave'|date = February 5, 2011|accessdate = |website = |publisher = NPR|last = NPR Staff|first = }}
26. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.ro.me/|title = 3 Dreams of Black|date = |accessdate = |website = Official website|publisher = |last = |first = }}
27. ^¹{{cite web|url = https://www.chromeexperiments.com/experiment/3-dreams-of-black|title = 3 Dreams of Black|date = |accessdate = |website = Chrome Experiments|publisher = Google Data Arts Team|last = |first = }}
28. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1259006/fullcredits|title = A Mother's Promise - Full Cast & Crew |date = |accessdate = |website = IMDB|publisher = |last = |first = }}
29. ^{{cite web|url = http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/show/arcade-fire-and-chris-milk|title = Arcade Fire and Chris Milk|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = The Creators Project|last = |first = }}
30. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472074/coachella-to-feature-mind-blowing-visuals-by-arcade-fire-animal-collective|title = Coachella to Feature 'Mind-Blowing' Visuals by Arcade Fire...|date = April 14, 2011|accessdate = |website = |publisher = Billboard|last = Gensler|first = Andy}}
31. ^{{cite web|url = http://vrse.works/creators/chris-milk/bio/|title = Chris Milk Bio|date = |accessdate = |website = Vrse.works|publisher = |last = |first = }}
32. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.festivalsherpa.com/throwback-when-arcade-fire-stunned-the-crowd-with-massive-balls-that-lit-up/|title = Throwback: When Arcade Fire Stunned The Crowd With Massive Balls That Lit Up|date = December 2, 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = Festival Sherpa|last = Ajith|first = Sanjana|quote = Many have described it as the best festival moment of their lives.}}
33. ^{{cite web|url = http://milk.co/treachery|title = The Treachery of Sanctuary|date = |accessdate = |website = Official website|publisher = |last = |first = }}
34. ^{{cite web|url = http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/chris-milk/chris-milk|title = The Treachery of Sanctuary|date = |accessdate = |website = The Creators Project|publisher = |last = |first = }}
35. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.sgt.gr/eng/SPG1530/|title = Digital Revolution|date = |accessdate = |website = Onassis Cultural Center|publisher = |last = |first = }}
36. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.sundance.org/blogs/news/new-frontier-projects-and-films-announced-for-2016-festival|title = Sundance Institute Celebrates New Frontier 10th Anniversary at 2016 Festival|date = December 3, 2015|accessdate = |website = Sundance Institute|publisher = |last = |first = }}
37. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.exquisiteforest.com/|title = The Exquisite Forest|date = |accessdate = |website = Official Website|publisher = |last = |first = }}
38. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.chromeexperiments.com/experiment/this-exquisite-forest|title = The Exquisite Forest|date = July 19, 2012|accessdate = |website = Chrome Experiments|publisher = Google Data Arts Lab|last = |first = }}
39. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/explore-exquisite-forest|title = Explore 'This Exquisite Forest' with Google and Tate|date = July 20, 2012|accessdate = |website = The Tate Modern|publisher = |last = Burton|first = Jane}}
40. ^¹{{cite web|url = http://www.fastcocreate.com/1682476/a-new-vision-for-sound-chris-milk-breaks-down-how-beck-hello-again-was-made|title = A New Vision For Sound: Chris Milk Breaks Down How 'Beck: Hello, Again' Was Made|date = February 22, 2013|accessdate = |website = |publisher = Fast Company|last = Fera|first = Rae Ann}}
41. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.wired.com/2013/02/beck-360-degree-online-video/|title = Navigate Beck's Performance of 'Sound and Vision' as a 360-Degree Interactive Video|date = February 19, 2013|accessdate = |website = |publisher = WIRED|last = Watercutter|first = Angela}}
42. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.theverge.com/2013/2/19/4004434/watch-beck-cover-david-bowie-sound-and-vision-with-interactive-site|title = Watch Beck's lush cover of David Bowie's 'Sound and Vision' with 360-degree interactive cameras|date = February 19, 2013|accessdate = |website = |publisher = The Verge|last = Robertson|first = Adi}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/virtual-reality-startup-vrse-raises-903289|title=Virtual Reality Startup VRse Raises $12.56 Million, Rebrands as Within|publisher=}}
44. ^{{cite web|url = http://vrse.com|title = Vrse|date = |accessdate = |website = Official website|publisher = |last = |first = }}
45. ^{{cite web|url = http://recode.net/2015/10/01/virtual-reality-is-the-last-medium-says-filmmaker-and-vrse-ceo-chris-milk-qa/|title = Virtual Reality is 'The Last Medium,' Says Filmmaker and Within CEO Chris Milk (Q&A)|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = Re/Code|last = Johnson|first = Eric}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://adage.com/article/production-moves/aaa/304757/|title=Vrse.works Becomes Here Be Dragons, Adds to Executive Team|publisher=}}
47. ^{{cite web|url = http://vrse.works/creators/|title = The Creators|date = |accessdate = |website = Vrse.works|publisher = |last = |first = }}
48. ^{{cite web|url = http://vrse.com/|title = List of Projects|date = |accessdate = |website = Vrse|publisher = |last = |first = }}
49. ^{{cite web|url = http://deadline.com/2015/01/annapurna-virtual-reality-chris-milk-1201355994/|title = Annapurna Launching Virtual Reality Division|date = January 22, 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = Deadline Hollywood|last = Hipes|first = Patrick}}
50. ^{{cite web|url = http://vrse.com/|title = Compatible Platforms|date = |accessdate = |website = Vrse|publisher = |last = |first = }}
51. ^http://www.cnet.com/news/virtual-reality-company-vrse-dubs-itself-within-raises-12-million/
52. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.wired.com/2015/10/u2-apple-music-virtual-reality/|title = Apple Showcases Its VR Dreams - With a U2 Video|date = October 27, 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = WIRED|last = Watercutter|first = Angela}}
53. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.wired.com/2015/10/the-nyts-new-project-will-be-vrs-first-mainstream-moment/|title = The NYT Is About to Launch VR's Big Mainstream Moment|date = October 21, 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = WIRED|last = Moynihan|first = Tim}}
54. ^{{cite web|url = https://news.vice.com/article/chris-milk-spike-jonze-and-vice-news-bring-the-first-ever-virtual-reality-newscast-to-sundance|title = Chris Milk, Spike Jonze, and VICE News Bring the First-Ever Virtual Reality Newscast to Sundance|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = VICE News|last = |first = }}
55. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.wired.com/2015/01/vr-filmmaking-pioneers/|title = At Sundance, The VR Filmmaking Revolution Is Officially Underway|date = October 26, 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = WIRED|last = Watercutter|first = Angela}}
56. ^{{cite web|url = http://vrfocus.com/archives/12844/vrse-record-saturday-night-live-40th-anniversary-vr/|title = Vrse Record Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary For VR|date = March 15, 2015|accessdate = |website = VR Focus|publisher = |last = Joyce|first = Kevin}}
57. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.wired.com/2015/12/virtual-reality-sundance-2016/|title = Watercutter, Angela "Big Hollywood Is Getting Into The VR Game At Sundance|date = December 3, 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = WIRED|last = Watercutter|first = Angela}}
58. ^{{cite web|url = https://techcrunch.com/2015/10/28/apple-shows-off-its-first-ever-piece-of-virtual-reality-content/|title = Apple Shows Off First-Ever Piece of Virtual Reality Content with U2 Music Video|date = October 28, 2015|accessdate = |website = TechCrunch|publisher = |last = Matney|first = Lucas}}
59. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.gigwise.com/news/103579/muse-revolt-video-unveiled-in-virtual-reality-unveiled---watch|title = Have You Seen Muse's Insane New Video Yet|date = November 4, 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = Gigwise|last = Trendell|first = Andrew}}
60. ^{{cite web|last1=Salud|first1=April|title=As Twin Peaks Nears, David Lynch Returns In Full Force|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/aprilsalud/festival-of-disruption-2016|website=Buzzfeed|accessdate=19 December 2016|date=2 November 2016}}