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词条 Christianity in New Zealand
释义

  1. History

  2. Demographics

     Denominational affiliation  Geographic distribution 

  3. Denominations and organisations

  4. Culture and the arts

  5. Politics

  6. Controversy

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. Further reading

  10. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2011}}{{Christianity by country}}

Christianity in New Zealand dates to the arrival of missionaries in the early 19th century and is the country's primary religion. Slightly less than half the population identify as Christian. Christian organisations are the leading non-government providers of social services in New Zealand.[1][2] A number of denominations are present, with none having a dominant position.

History

{{See also|Religion in New Zealand # History}}

The first Christian services conducted in New Zealand were carried out by Father Paul-Antoine Léonard de Villefeix, the Dominican chaplain on the ship Saint Jean Baptiste commanded by the French navigator and explorer Jean-François-Marie de Surville. Villefeix was the first Christian minister to set foot in New Zealand, and he celebrated Mass near Whatuwhiwhi in Doubtless Bay on Christmas Day in 1769. He is reported to have also led prayers for the sick the previous day and to have conducted Christian burials.[3][4]

The first Christian missionaries to establish permanent ministries arrived in New Zealand at the start of the 19th century. The Church Mission Society, an Anglican organisation, established a presence in New Zealand in 1814,[5] with the permission and protection of Ngā Puhi chief Ruatara. This expedition was led by Samuel Marsden. Later missionaries brought other religious denominations — Jean Baptiste Pompallier played an important role in establishing the Catholic Church in New Zealand. Presbyterianism was brought to New Zealand largely by Scottish settlers. The Māori people also created their own forms of Christianity, with Ratana and Ringatu being the largest.

The Sisters of Mercy arrived in Auckland in 1850 and were the first order of religious sisters to come to New Zealand and began work in health care and education.[6]

At the direction of Mary MacKillop (St Mary of the Cross), the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart arrived in New Zealand and established schools. In 1892, Suzanne Aubert established the Sisters of Compassion - the first Catholic order established in New Zealand for women.[7] The Anglican Church in New Zealand recognises her as a saintly person and in 1997 the New Zealand Catholic Bishops’ Conference agreed to support the “Introduction of the Cause of Suzanne Aubert”, to begin the process of consideration for her canonisation as a saint by the Catholic Church.[8]

Although there was some hostility between Catholic and Protestants in the 19th and early 20th centuries, this declined after the 1920s.[9] Sectarian groups such as the Orange Order continue to exist in New Zealand but are now virtually invisible. New Zealand's first Catholic Prime Minister, Joseph Ward, took office in 1906. The founding of the National Council of Churches (NCC) in 1941 marked the positive relationships between New Zealand Christians. The NCC was an important voice of the churches in national affairs. The NCC was replaced in 1988 by a new ecumenical body which included Catholics—the Conference of Churches in Aotearoa New Zealand (CCANZ). There is now very little sectarianism in New Zealand and various churches commonly co-operate on issues of common interest,[10] and various ecumenical bodies exist promoting co-operation between Christians.

Demographics

Denominational affiliation

In the 2013 census, 49.0% of those who answered the question on religion identified themselves as Christian. As recorded in the {{As of|2013|alt=2013}} census, 11.8% of the population is Anglican, 12.6% Catholic, 8.1% Presbyterian,[11] 2.6%

Methodist, 7.5% other Protestant denominations, and 5.5% Christian with

no affiliation specified.[12] The proportion of New Zealanders who identify as Christian is declining—the figure now stands at around half the census respondents, whereas in the 1991 census, it stood at around three quarters.[13] Christian groups are experiencing mixed trends. Anglicanism and Presbyterianism are both losing adherents at a rapid rate, while smaller Protestant groups and non-denominational churches are growing.[12]

Denominational affiliation[13][14]201320062001Trend (%)
Number % Number % Number % 2001–13
Total Christian 1,858,977 47.65 2,027,418 54.16 2,043,843 58.92 {{decrease}}
    Catholic 492,105 12.61 508,437 13.58 485,637 14.00 {{decrease}}
    Anglican 459,771 11.79 554,925 14.82 584,793 16.86 {{decrease}}
    Presbyterian, Congregational and Reformed 330,516 8.47 400,839 10.71 431,139 12.43 {{decrease}}
    Christian (not further defined) 216,177 5.54 186,234 4.97 192,165 5.54 {{nochange}}
    Methodist 102,879 2.64 121,806 3.25 120,546 3.48 {{decrease}}
    Pentecostal 74,256 1.90 79,155 2.11 67,182 1.94 {{nochange}}
    Baptist 54,345 1.39 56,913 1.52 51,423 1.48 {{decrease}}
    Latter–day Saints 40,728 1.04 43,539 1.16 39,915 1.15 {{decrease}}
    Brethren 18,624 0.48 19,617 0.52 20,397 0.59 {{decrease}}
    Jehovah's Witnesses 17,931 0.46 17,910 0.48 17,829 0.51 {{decrease}}
    Adventist 17,085 0.44 16,191 0.43 14,868 0.43 {{nochange}}
    Evangelical, Born Again and Fundamentalist 15,381 0.39 13,836 0.37 11,016 0.32 {{nochange}}
    Orthodox 13,806 0.35 13,194 0.35 9,576 0.28 {{increase}}
    Salvation Army 9,162 0.23 11,493 0.31 12,618 0.36 {{decrease}}
    Protestant (not further defined) 4,998 0.13 3,954 0.11 2,787 0.08 {{increase}}
    Lutheran 3,903 0.10 4,476 0.12 4,314 0.12 {{nochange}}
    Church of Christ and Associated Churches of Christ 2,145 0.05 2,991 0.08 3,270 0.09 {{nochange}}
    Uniting/Union Church and Ecumenical 999 0.03 1,419 0.04 1,389 0.04 {{nochange}}
    Asian Christian 132 <0.01 195 0.01 195 0.01 {{nochange}}
    Other Christian 3,714 0.10 3,798 0.10 3,558 0.10 {{nochange}}
Total Māori Christian 52,947 1.36 65,550 1.75 63,597 1.83 {{decrease}}
    Rātana 40,353 1.03 50,565 1.35 48,975 1.41 {{decrease}}
    Ringatū 13,272 0.34 16,419 0.44 15,291 0.44 {{decrease}}
    Māori Christian (not further defined) 222 0.01 219 0.01 237 0.01 {{nochange}}
    Other Māori Christian 333 0.01 360 0.01 426 0.01 {{nochange}}
Total population 4,242,048 4,027,947 3,737,277
{{Clear}}(Note: All figures are for the census usually resident population.
Percentages are based on number of responses rather than total population.
The 2011 census was cancelled due to the 2011 Christchurch earthquake
In all censuses, up to four responses were collected.)

Geographic distribution

The number of Christians in New Zealand varies slightly across different parts of the country — as of the 2006 census,{{update inline|date=August 2017}} the number of Christians in each territorial authority ranged from a low of 43.7% (in Kawerau) to a high of 63.4% (in Ashburton).[15] In general, the tendency is for rural areas, particularly in the lower South Island, to have somewhat higher numbers of Christians, and urban areas to have lower numbers — of the sixteen designated Cities of New Zealand, fifteen have a smaller proportion of Christians than the country as a whole (the exception being Invercargill).[15] The average proportion of Christians in the sixteen cities is 50.2%.[15]{{update inline|date=August 2017}}

Denominations and organisations

{{refimprove section|date=August 2017}}{{Main|List of Christian organisations in New Zealand}}{{multiple image
|total_width=450
|image1=Cathédrale St Patrick Auckland.jpg
|caption1=St. Patrick's (Catholic) Cathedral in Auckland
|image2=Wellington Cathedral of St Paul.jpg
|caption2=St Paul's (Anglican) Cathedral in Wellington
|image3=First Church Dunedin.jpg
|caption3=First Church of Otago (Presbyterian) in Dunedin
}}

Anglicanism, associated mostly with New Zealanders of English descent, is common in most parts of the country, but is strongest in Canterbury (the city of Christchurch having been founded as an Anglican settlement) and on the North Island's East Coast. It is the largest denomination in most parts of rural New Zealand, the main exception being the lower South Island. The territorial authorities with the highest proportion of Anglicans are Gisborne (where they are 27.4% of the total population), Wairoa (27.1%), and Hurunui (24.9%). The territorial authorities with the lowest proportion of Anglicans are Invercargill (7.7%), Manukau (8.3%), and Clutha (8.5%).

Catholicism, associated mostly with New Zealanders of Irish descent, is the most evenly distributed of the three main denominations, although it still has noticeable strengths in south and central Taranaki, on the West Coast, and in Kaikoura. It is also the largest denomination in Auckland and Wellington, although not by a great extent. The territorial authorities with the highest proportion of Catholics are Kaikoura (where they are 18.4% of the total population), Westland (18.3%), and Grey (17.8%). The territorial authorities with the lowest proportion of Catholics are Tasman (8.1%), Clutha (8.7%), and Western Bay of Plenty (8.7%).

Presbyterianism, associated mostly with New Zealanders of Scottish descent, is strong in the lower South Island — the city of Dunedin was founded as a Presbyterian settlement, and many of the early settlers in the region were Scottish Presbyterians. Elsewhere, however, Presbyterians are usually outnumbered by both Anglicans and Catholics, making Presbyterianism the most geographically concentrated of the three main denominations. The territorial authorities with the highest proportion of Presbyterians are Gore (where they are 30.9% of the total population), Clutha (30.7%), and Southland (29.8%). The territorial authorities with the lowest proportion of Presbyterians are Far North (4.4%), Kaipara (6.2%), and Wellington (6.7%).

Christian organisations in New Zealand are heavily involved in community activities including education; health services; chaplaincy to prisons, rest homes and hospitals; social justice and human rights advocacy.[16] Approximately 11% of New Zealand students attend Catholic schools;[17] the Anglican Church administers a number of schools;[18] and schools administered by members of the New Zealand Association for Christian Schools educated 13,000 students in 2009.[19]

Culture and the arts

{{Expand section|date=June 2010}}

The Christian festivals of Christmas and Easter are marked by public holidays in New Zealand.[20] Christmas Day, 25 December, falls during the Southern Hemisphere Summer allowing open air caroling and barbecues in the sun. Nevertheless, various Northern hemisphere traditions have continued in New Zealand - including roast dinners and Christmas trees, with the pohutukawa regarded as New Zealand’s iconic Christmas tree.[21][22]

The architectural landscape of New Zealand has been affected by Christianity and the prominence of churches in cities, towns and the countryside attests to its historical importance in New Zealand.[23] Notable Cathedrals include the Anglican Holy Trinity Cathedral, Auckland, ChristChurch Cathedral, Christchurch and Saint Paul's Cathedral, Wellington and the Catholic St Patrick's Cathedral, Auckland, Sacred Heart Cathedral, Wellington, Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Christchurch, St. Joseph's Cathedral, Dunedin. The iconic Futuna Chapel was built as a Wellington retreat center for the Catholic Marist order in 1961. The design by Māori architect John Scott, fuses Modernist and indigenous design principles.

Christian and Māori choral traditions have been blended in New Zealand to produce a distinct contribution to Christian music, including the popular hymns Whakaria Mai and Tama Ngakau Marie.[24][25] New Zealand hosts the largest Christian music festival in the Southern Hemisphere, Parachute Music Festival. The festival is also one of the largest music festivals in the Southern Hemisphere overall.

Politics

{{Main|Christian politics in New Zealand}}

Christianity has never had official status as a national religion in New Zealand, and a poll in 2007 found 58 percent of people were opposed to official status being granted.[26] Despite this, each sitting day of the New Zealand Parliament opens with a Christian prayer.[27][28] In contrast to England, where the Anglican Church is the officially established church, in New Zealand the Anglican Church has no special status, although it often officiates at civic events such as Anzac Day.

Most New Zealanders consider politicians' religious beliefs to be a private matter[29] and although many New Zealand Prime Ministers have been professing Christians,[30] the current incumbent, Jacinda Ardern and her two most recent predecessors, John Key and Helen Clark are all agnostic.[31][32][33]

Christian political parties have never gained significant support and have often been characterised by controversy. Many of these are now defunct, such as the Christian Democrat Party, the Christian Heritage Party which collapsed after leader Graham Capill was convicted as a child sex offender,[34] Destiny New Zealand, The Family Party and the New Zealand Pacific Party whose leader Taito Phillip Field was convicted on bribery and corruption charges.[35] The Exclusive Brethren gained public notoriety during the 2005 election for distributing anti-Labour pamphlets, which former National Party leader Don Brash later admitted to knowledge of.[36] United Future, which although not a Christian party, has had significant Christian backing, has been more successful.

The two main political parties, Labour and National, are not religious, although religious groups have at times played a significant role (e.g. the Ratana Movement). Politicians are often involved in public dialogue with religious groups.[37][38]

Controversy

In 1967, Presbyterian minister and theologian Lloyd Geering was the subject of one of the few heresy trials of the 20th century, with a judgement that no doctrinal error had been proved. The Catholic Church in New Zealand had a number of its priests convicted of child sexual abuse, notably at Marylands School. Newspapers have also reported child sex abuse cases within the Exclusive Brethren.[39]

See also

{{Portal|Christianity|New Zealand}}
  • National Statement on Religious Diversity
  • Religion in New Zealand

References

1. ^{{cite news|title=Church actions louder than words.|author=New Zealand Herald|newspaper=|date=4 April 2008|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/christianity/news/article.cfm?c_id=500818&objectid=10501913|work=The New Zealand Herald}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ocvs.govt.nz/work-programme/building-knowledge/subsector-facts.html|title=Facts about the sub-sectors of the community sector|publisher=Office for the Community and Voluntary Sector|date=|work=OCVS website|accessdate=25 May 2010 }}
3. ^{{cite book|last=King |first=Michael|title=The Penguin History of New Zealand |year= 2003 |publisher=Penguin|accessdate=19 January 2011 |location=Auckland}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Samuel Marsden's first service|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/samuel-marsdens-first-service|publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage|accessdate=21 August 2017|date=20 December 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/M/MarsdenSamuel/MarsdenSamuel/en|title=MARSDEN, Samuel|publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage|year=1966|work=Encyclopedia of New Zealand|accessdate=3 June 2010 }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sistersofmercy.org.nz/who/default.cfm?loadref=7 |title=Who We Are > History - General |publisher=Sisters of Mercy |date= |work= |accessdate=3 June 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525062451/http://www.sistersofmercy.org.nz/who/default.cfm?loadref=7 |archivedate=25 May 2010 |df=dmy }}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://sistersofsaintjoseph.org.nz/the-journey |title=Who We Are > The Journey |publisher=Sisters of Saint Joseph |date= |work= |accessdate=3 June 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525102332/http://sistersofsaintjoseph.org.nz/the-journey |archivedate=25 May 2010 |df=dmy }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hoc.org.nz/aubert/canonisation.htm|title=The Process of Beatification and Canonisation: The making of a New Zealand Saint|publisher=Sisters of Compassion|date=|work=|accessdate=3 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208003809/http://hoc.org.nz/aubert/canonisation.htm|archivedate=8 February 2013|df=dmy-all}}
9. ^"Religious intolerance", Te Ara
10. ^"Church Leaders Statement on Iraq (Sept 2002)"
11. ^Officially recorded as "Pesbyterian, Congregational, and Reformed"; the Presbyterian Church is a major religious denomination in New Zealand.
12. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/religion.aspx |title= 2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity – Religious affiliation |publisher= Statistics New Zealand |date= 14 April 2014 |accessdate= 17 August 2017}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url= http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/tables.xls |title= 2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity – tables |publisher= Statistics New Zealand |date= 15 April 2014 |accessdate= 18 July 2015 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140524102811/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/tables.xls |archivedate= 24 May 2014 |df= dmy }}
14. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage/classification-counts-tables/about-people/religious-affiliation.aspx|title=Table 25 in 2006 Census Data > QuickStats About Culture and Identity - Tables|publisher=Statistics New Zealand|accessdate=14 Nov 2011 }}
15. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/table-builder/default.htm |title=Table Builder |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |accessdate=3 May 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415080504/http://www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/table-builder/default.htm |archivedate=15 April 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sistersofmercy.org.nz/who/default.cfm?loadref=8|title=The Works of Mercy|publisher=Sisters of Mercy|date=|work=|accessdate=3 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014085012/http://www.sistersofmercy.org.nz/who/default.cfm?loadref=8|archivedate=14 October 2008|df=dmy-all}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzceo.catholic.org.nz/pages/schools/schools-today.html|title=Catholic Schools - Today|publisher=Catholic Education Office Ltd|date=|work=|accessdate=3 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526051744/http://nzceo.catholic.org.nz/pages/schools/schools-today.html|archivedate=26 May 2010|df=dmy-all}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.anglicannzschools.org/schools/|title=Schools|publisher=Anglican Schools Office|date=|work=|accessdate=3 June 2010 }}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzchristianschools.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=60&Itemid=94|title=A Brief Summary of the History of Christian Schooling in New Zealand|publisher=New Zealand Association for Christian Schools|date=1 January 2009|work=|accessdate=3 June 2010 }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ers.dol.govt.nz/holidays_act_2003/public_holidays.html|title=Public Holidays|publisher=Department of Labour|accessdate=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412054032/http://www.ers.dol.govt.nz/holidays_act_2003/public_holidays.html|archivedate=12 April 2010|df=dmy-all}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/kiwi-xmas|title=Kiwi Christmas|publisher=Ministry of Culture and Heritage|date=22 February 2010|work=New Zealand History Online|accessdate=3 June 2010 }}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/video/kiwis-attitude-to-christmas|title=Kiwi's attitude to Christmas|publisher=Ministry of Culture and Heritage|date=16 December 2009|work=New Zealand History Online|accessdate=3 June 2010 }}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/society/7|title=Society - Religion and the churches|author=John Wilson|publisher=Ministry of Culture and Heritage|date=3 March 2009|work=Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|accessdate=3 June 2010 }}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://folksong.org.nz/whakaaria/index.html|title=Whakaria Mai|publisher=Folksong.org.nz|accessdate= }}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.28maoribattalion.org.nz/audio/the-battalion-sings-tama-ngakau-marie|title=The Battalion Sings 'Tama Ngakau Marie'|publisher=Ministry of Culture and Heritage|date=3 March 2009|work=28th Maori Battalion|accessdate=3 June 2010 }}
26. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10446229 |title=Majority reject state religion: poll |date=17 June 2007 |work=The New Zealand Herald |accessdate=24 September 2011}}
27. ^[https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/parliamentary-practice-in-new-zealand/document/00HOOOCPPNZ_141/chapter-14-business-of-the-house#_Toc268767523]
28. ^"MPs' new prayer rejected", Dec 9, 2014, NZ Herald
29. ^Brian Colless and Peter Donovan, 'Editor's Introduction', in Brian Colless and Peter Donovan, eds, Religion in New Zealand Society, 2nd edition, Palmerston North: Dunmore Press, 1985, p.10
30. ^Including Jim Bolger, Geoffrey Palmer, David Lange, Robert Muldoon, Walter Nash, Keith Holyoake, and Michael Joseph Savage
31. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=11789352|title= The politics of life: The truth about Jacinda Ardern|last= Knight|first= Kim|newspaper= The New Zealand Herald|date= 29 January 2017|accessdate= 15 August 2017}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Clark-and-Key-spar-in-final-TV-debate-before-election/tabid/209/articleID/78661/Default.aspx|author=NZPA|date=5 November 2008 |title=Clark and Key spar in final TV debate before election|accessdate=2010-06-15}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3554978|author=New Zealand Herald|date=16 March 2004|title=Insults get personal between Clark and Brash|accessdate=2007-07-08|work=The New Zealand Herald}}
34. ^{{cite news |title=Capill sentenced to nine years for child sex crimes |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10335782 |date=14 July 2005 |work=The New Zealand Herald |accessdate=2010-06-14}}
35. ^{{cite news |title=Guilty verdicts for Taito Phillip Field |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10587391 |date=4 August 2009 |work=The New Zealand Herald |accessdate=11 August 2009}}
36. ^{{cite news |last=NZPA |title=Brash knew about Exclusive Brethren pamphlets |date=2005-09-08 |work=New Zealand Herald |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10344635 |accessdate=2010-06-15}}
37. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/parachute-music-festival/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500869&objectid=10421364| title= Even politicians are popular at huge Christian music fest | publisher=New Zealand Herald| date = 29 January 2007 }}
38. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10642345 |title=Hindu group accused of 'hijacking' other faiths |accessdate=2010-10-01|publisher=New Zealand Herald|date=2010-05-03}}
39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/2975741/Plague-of-sex-abuse-in-church-alleged |title='Plague' of sex abuse in church alleged |author=Hubbard, Anthony |date=18 October 2009 |work=The Sunday Star-Times |accessdate=24 September 2011}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book|last=Ahdar|first=Rex|title=God and Government: The New Zealand Experience|publisher=University of Otago Press|location=Dunedin|year=2003|edition=|isbn= }}
  • {{cite book|last=Davidson|first=Allan K.|title=Christianity in Aotearoa : a history of church and society in New Zealand|publisher=Education For Ministry|location=Wellington|year=2004|edition=3rd|isbn=0-476-00229-X }}
  • {{cite book|last=Davidson|first=Allan K.|last2=Lineham|first2=Peter J.|title=Transplanted Christianity: Documents Illustrating Aspects of New Zealand Church History|publisher=Dunmore Press|location=Palmerston North|year=1989|edition=2nd|isbn= }}
  • Harper, Tobia, "'Amen, Amen!'" New Zealand Journal of History (2008) 42#2 pp 133–153. Studies the impact of Christianity on New Zealand society in the 1920s
  • {{cite journal|last=Hoverd|first=William James |year=2008|title=No Longer a Christian Country? - Religious Demographic Change in New Zealand 1966–2006|journal=New Zealand Sociology|publisher=Royal Society of New Zealand|volume=23|issue=1|url=http://www.ipp.org.nz/essudocs/sociology/nz233final.pdf}}

External links

{{Commons category|Churches in New Zealand}}
  • [https://teara.govt.nz/en/interdenominational-christianity Interdenominational Christianity] – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
  • New Zealand topics – Christianity Today
{{Religion in New Zealand}}{{Oceania topic|Christianity in}}

1 : Christianity in New Zealand
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