| 词条 | Chrysobalanus icaco | |||||
| 释义 |
|image = Chrysobalanus icaco (inflorescense).jpg |image_caption = Chrysobalanus icaco leaves and flowers |genus = Chrysobalanus |species = icaco |authority = (L.) L. |range_map = Chrysobalanus icaco range map 2.png |range_map_caption = Distribution |synonyms_ref = [1] |synonyms = *Chrysobalanus atacorensis A.Chev.
}}Chrysobalanus icaco, the cocoplum, paradise plum, abajeru or icaco, is found near sea beaches and inland throughout tropical Africa, tropical Americas and the Caribbean, and in southern Florida and the Bahamas.[1] It is also found as an exotic species on other tropical islands, where it has become a problematic invasive.[2] Although taxonomists disagree on whether Chrysobalanus icaco has multiple subspecies or varieties, it is recognized as having two ecotypes, described as an inland, much less salt-tolerant, and more upright C. icaco var. pellocarpus and a coastal C. icaco var. icaco.[3][4] Both the ripe fruit of C. icaco, and the seed inside the ridged shell it contains, are considered edible.[4] DescriptionChrysobalanus icaco is a shrub {{convert|1|-|3|m|ft}}, or bushy tree {{convert|2|-|6|m|ft}}, rarely to {{convert|10|m|ft}}. It has evergreen broad-oval to nearly round somewhat leathery leaves (3 to 10 cm long and 2.5 to 7 cm wide). Leaf colors range from green to light red. The bark is greyish or reddish brown, with white specks. The clustered flowers are small, greenish-white, and appear intermittently throughout the year but more abundantly in late spring. The fruit that follows (a drupe) is variable, with that of the coastal form being round, up to 5 cm in diameter, white, pale-yellow with a rose blush or dark-purple in color, while that of the inland form is oval, up to 2.5 cm long, and dark-purple. The fruit is edible, with an almost tasteless to mildly sweet flavor, and is sometimes used for jam. It contains a five- or six-ridged brown stone with an edible white seed. The common name for this fruit in Barbados, Trinidad & Tobago and Guyana is "fat pork". Chrysobalanus icaco is unable to survive a hard frost, but is planted as an ornamental shrub in subtropical regions due to its appearance, easily manageable size, and tolerance of shallow and variable soils (for example, as alkaline as pH 8.4[4]) and partial shade.[5][3] Several cultivars are available:
GalleryReferences1. ^1 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2. ^ Chrysobalanus icaco at Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) 3. ^1 2 [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c1a5/ca08b88d3d5e9ca368628221a890cebebc43.pdf] "Chrysobalanus icaco—Coco-plum", Francis, John K., U.S.Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, San Juan PR 4. ^1 2 3 Brown et al, Lee County Extension, Institute of Food and Agricultural Services extension, University of Florida 5. ^ Chrysobalanus icaco—Cocoplum, Institute of Food and Agricultural Services, University of Florida 6. ^Presta, Giuseppe Antonio et al. (2007). Effects of Chrysobalanus icaco on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m and on the shape of the red blood cells. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 50(spe), 145-152. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132007000600018] 7. ^Bastos Silva, João Paulo et al. (2017). Antifungal activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Chrysobalanus icaco against oral clinical isolates of Candida Species. Pharmacognosy Research, 9, 96-100. [https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.199772] Bush, Charles S. and Morton, Julia F. (1969) Native Trees and Plants for Florida Landscaping (pp. 64–65). Bulletin No. 193. Department of Agriculture - State of Florida. External links
15 : Chrysobalanaceae|Halophytes|Tropical fruit|Flora of Africa|Flora of Central America|Flora of the Caribbean|Flora of Mexico|Flora of northern South America|Flora of Florida|Trees of Îles des Saintes|Plants described in 1753|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|Garden plants of North America|Garden plants of Central America|Garden plants of South America |
|||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。