| 词条 | Chuck-will's-widow |
| 释义 |
| image = Chuck-wills-widow RWD7.jpg | image_caption = Female | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Antrostomus | species = carolinensis | authority = Gmelin, 1789 | synonyms =Caprimulgus carolinensis | range_map = Antrostomus carolinensis map.svg }} The chuck-will's-widow (Antrostomus carolinensis) is a nocturnal bird of the nightjar family Caprimulgidae. It is found in the southeastern United States near swamps, rocky uplands, and pine woods. It migrates to the West Indies, Central America, and northwestern South America. This bird is generally confused with the better-known whippoorwill (Antrostomus vociferus),[2] due to their similar calls and unusual names. Though rather closely related, they are two distinct species. {{Listen|filename=Chuck-will's-widow birdcall.ogg|title=Song of the chuck-will's-widow (in background)|format=Ogg}}A fairly typical nightjar, it has a short bill and a long tail typical of the family. This species has mottled brownish underparts, a buff throat, reddish-brown feathers lined with black, and brown and white patterning on head and chest, differing from the gray and black of its more common cousin. Males have patches of white on their outer tail feathers. It is the largest nightjar in North America. In length, it ranges from {{convert|28|to|33|cm|in|abbr=on}}. The wingspan can range from {{convert|58|to|66|cm|in|abbr=on}}. The body mass of the species is from {{convert|66|to|188|g|oz|abbr=on}}.[3] Among standard measurements, the wing chord is {{convert|20.1|to|22.5|cm|in|abbr=on}}, the tail is {{convert|13|to|15.1|cm|in|abbr=on}}, the bill is {{convert|1.1|to|1.4|cm|in|abbr=on}} and the tarsus is {{convert|1.5|to|1.9|cm|in|abbr=on}}.[4] Its common name derives from its continuous, repetitive song that is often heard at night. This consist of a series of calls with a vibrating middle note between two shorter notes, not much shifting in pitch. It is slower, lower-pitched and less piercing than the song of the whip-poor-will. "Chuckwuts-widow" is another common name less often found, but also imitating the rhythm of the bird's calls. Other alternative names include "Chip-fell-out-of-a-oak".[5] It eats primarily insects, particular those active at night such as moths, beetles, and winged ants. It will also eat small birds and bats, swallowing them whole.[6][7] Females do not build nests, but rather lay eggs on patches of dead leaves on the ground. The eggs, which are pink with spots of brown and lavender, are subsequently incubated by the female. GalleryFootnotes1. ^{{IUCN|id=22689778|title=Antrostomus carolinensis |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2018.2 |year=2018 |accessdate=15 December 2018}} 2. ^For example, Henninger (1906) combines the old scientific name of C. carolinensis with the common name "Whip-poor-will". As C. carolinensis does not occur in the area discussed, he obviously refers to C. vociferus. In other cases, the specific identity of birds may not be determinable. 3. ^Chuck Wills Widow. All About Birds. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 4. ^Holyoak, D.T. (2001): Nightjars and their Allies: the Caprimulgiformes. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York. {{ISBN|0-19-854987-3}}. 5. ^{{cite book |last1=Cleere |first1=Nigel |title= Nightjars, Potoos, Frogmouths, Oilbird and Owlet-nightjars of the World |year=2010 |publisher=WILDGuides |location=Old Basing |isbn=978-1-903657-07-2 |page= |pages=443–447 |chapter=Appendix 2 – Alternative English Names}} 6. ^{{cite journal |title=Predation by the Chuck-will’s-widow upon migrating warblers |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v079n03/p0342-p0342.pdf |journal=Wilson Bulletin |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=342 |last=Owre |first=Oscar |date=September 1967}} 7. ^{{cite journal |title=The Chuck-will's-widow on Shipboard |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v016n03/p0273-p0276.pdf |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=273–276 |journal=The Auk |first=Gerald H |last=Thayer |year=1899 |doi=10.2307/4069463}} References
External links{{Portal|Birds}}{{Commons|Caprimulgus carolinensis}}{{Wikispecies|Caprimulgus carolinensis}}
5 : Antrostomus|Nightjars|Birds of the United States|Birds of North America|Birds described in 1789 |
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