“Chunfen”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Chunfen

释义

Pentads
Date and time
See also
References

{{See also|Vernal equinox}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}{{Italic title|reason=Category:Chinese words and phrases}}{{Chinese
|c={{lang|zh|春分}}
|l=vernal equinox
|p=chūnfēn
|bpmf=ㄔㄨㄣㄈㄣ
|j=ceon¹ fan¹
|y=chēun fān
|kanji={{lang|ja|春分}}
|hiragana=しゅんぶん
|romaji=shunbun
|hanja={{lang|ko|春分}}
|hangul=춘분
|rr=chunbun
|chuhan={{lang|vi|春分}}
|qn=xuân phân
}}{{Solar terms}}

The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 solar terms.

Chūnfēn, Shunbun, Chunbun, or Xuân phân is the 4th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 0° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 15°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around 20 March and ends around 4 April (5 April East Asia time). It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 0°.

Pentads

Each solar term can be divided into 3 pentads (候). They are: first pentad (初候), second pentad (次候) and last pentad (末候). Pentads in Chunfen include:

China

First pentad: 玄鳥至, 'The dark birds arrive'. 'Dark bird' in this case refers to swallows, which are also making their northward migration.^[1]
Second pentad: 雷乃發聲, 'Thunder sounds', referring to the onset of spring thunderstorms.^[1]
Last pentad: 始電, 'Lightning begins'. This refers to thunderstorms as well, but also to the gradual lengthening of daytime, and the prevalence of sunlight.^[1]

Japan

A pentad as follows was referred to Japanese traditional calendar presented in a smaller, easy to use, format.

First pentad: {{Nihongo||雀始巣|Suzume hajimete sukuu}}, 'Sparrow begins holding a nest'.^[2]
Second pentad: {{Nihongo||桜始開|Sakura hajimete hiraku}}, 'Cherry blossoms open for the first time'.^[2]
Last pentad: {{Nihongo||雷乃発声|Kaminari sunawachi koeo hassu}}, 'Distant thunder start to sound'.^[2]

Date and time

{{Solar term|辛巳|2001|03|20|13:30|2001|04|04|17:24}}{{Solar term|壬午|2002|03|20|19:16|2002|04|04|23:18}}{{Solar term|癸未|2003|03|21|00:59|2003|04|05|04:52}}{{Solar term|甲申|2004|03|20|06:48|2004|04|04|10:43}}{{Solar term|乙酉|2005|03|20|12:33|2005|04|04|16:34}}{{Solar term|丙戌|2006|03|20|18:25|2006|04|04|22:15}}{{Solar term|丁亥|2007|03|21|00:07|2007|04|05|04:04}}{{Solar term|戊子|2008|03|20|05:48|2008|04|04|09:45}}{{Solar term|己丑|2009|03|20|11:43|2009|04|04|15:33}}{{Solar term|庚寅|2010|03|20|17:32|2010|04|04|21:30}}{{Solar term|辛卯|2011|03|20|23:20|2011|04|05|03:11}}{{Solar term|壬辰|2012|03|20|05:14|2012|04|04|09:05}}{{Solar term|癸巳|2013|03|20|11:01|2013|04|04|15:02}}{{Solar term|甲午|2014|03|20|16:57|2014|04|04|20:46}}

Date and Time (UTC)
year	begin	end
Source: JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System

References

1. ^¹²{{cite book | title = 新加纂録類 (Shinka Sanrokurui) | work = 改定史籍集覧 (Kaitei Shiseki Shūran) | volume = 19 | editor = Kondō Heijō (近藤瓶城) | page = 110 | publisher = 近藤活版所 (Kondō Kappansho) | location = Tokyo |year = 1901 |others = (Meiji 34) | ref = harv}}
2. ^¹²{{cite book | work = 図説日本民俗学全集 (Zusetsu Nihon Minzokugaku Zenshū) | title = 年中行事編 (Nenjū Gyōjihen) | last = Fujisawa | first = Morihiko| volume = 7 | page = 103 | publisher = Akane Shobō | year = 1961 | location = Tokyo | ref = harv}}

5 : Solar terms|Spring (season)|Observances on non-Gregorian calendars|Non-Gregorian March observances|Non-Gregorian April observances

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