| 词条 | Cicerbita alpina | |||
| 释义 |
|image = Cicerbita alpina 2005.07.31 11.58.41.jpg |image_caption = Cicerbita alpina | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Asterids |ordo = Asterales |familia = Asteraceae |tribus = Cichorieae |genus = Cicerbita |species = C. alpina |binomial = Cicerbita alpina |binomial_authority = (L.) Wallr. 1822 |synonyms_ref=[2] |synonyms ={{collapsible list|bullets = true |title=Synonymy |Lactuca alpina (L.) A. Gray |Mulgedium alpinum (L.) Less. |Sonchus alpinus L. 1753 |Aracium alpinum (L.) Monnier |Geracium alpinum (L.) Gren. & Godr. |Hieracium coeruleum Scop. |Mulgedium multiflorum DC. |Picridium alpinum (L.) Philippe |Sonchus alpestris Clairv. |Sonchus canadensis L. |Sonchus coeruleus Sm. |Sonchus montanus Lam. |Sonchus multiflorus Desf. |Sonchus pallidus Torr. 1826 not Willd. 1803[3] |Sonchus racemosus Lam. |}}}} Cicerbita alpina, commonly known as the alpine sow-thistle or alpine blue-sow-thistle[4] is a perennial herbaceous species of plant sometimes placed in the genus Cicerbita of the Asteraceae family, and sometimes placed in the genus Lactuca as Lactuca alpina.[5] It is native to upland and mountainous parts of Europe. DescriptionCicerbita alpina on average reaches {{convert|80|cm}} in height, with a minimum height of {{convert|50|cm|0|abbr=on}} and a maximum height of {{convert|150|cm|0|abbr=on}}. The stem is erect and usually unbranched. It has glandular hairs and contains a white milky juice, a kind of latex. The alternate leaves are broad, triangular and clasping the stem, bluish-grey beneath, hairy along the veins and with toothed margins. The inflorescence is a panicle. Each composite flower is about {{convert|2.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} wide and is set within a whorl of bracts. The individual blue-violet florets are tongue-like with a toothed, truncated tip, each having five stamens and a fused carpel. All the florets are ray florets; there are no disc florets. The seeds are clothed in unbranched hairs. The flowering period extends from June to September in the temperate northern hemisphere.[6]Distribution and habitatCicerbita alpina grows on many mountains of Europe (the Alps, the Pyrenees, the northern Apennines, the Scandinavian Peninsula, Scotland (where it is endangered and found in only four known locations), the Carpathians and the Urals.[7] These plants can be found in alpine woods, besides streams, in rich-soil in hollows and in tall meadows, usually between {{convert|1000|and|1800|m}} above sea level.[6]ConservationIt became a protected species in the UK in 1975 under the Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act.[8] EcologyIn Finland, this plant is known as "bear-hay" because the Eurasian brown bear feeds on it, as do elk and reindeer. People also sometimes make use of it and eat it raw or cooked in reindeer milk.[6] Secondary metabolitesThe edible shoots of Cicerbita alpina contain 8-O-Acetyl-15-beta-D-glucopyranosyllactucin, which causes the bitter taste of the vegetable, and caffeic acid derivatives chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeoyltartaric acid, and cichoric acid.[9] GalleryReferences1. ^{{IUCN|id=172278 |title=Lactuca alpina |assessor=Collett, L. & Korpelainen, H. |version=2017.3 |year=2017 |accessdate=24 June 2018}} 2. ^The Plant List, Lactuca alpina (L.) A.Gray 3. ^The International Plant Names Index 4. ^{{cite web|title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archivedate=2015-01-25 |df= }} 5. ^Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/alpine-sowthistle |title=Alpine Sowthistle |publisher=NatureGate |accessdate=2013-12-24}} 7. ^http://www.plantlife.org.uk/scotland/wild_plants/plant_species_scotland/?ent=171 8. ^http://www.caithness.org/caithnessfieldclub/bulletins/1975/october/conservation.htm 9. ^{{cite journal | year = 2010 |author1=Fusani, P |author2=Zidorn, C | title = Phenolics and a sesquiterpene lactone in the edible shoots of Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallroth | volume = 23 | pages = 658–663 | issn = 0889-1575 | journal = Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) | doi = 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.08.014 }}
External links
5 : Cichorieae|Flora of Europe|Flora of the Alps|flora of the Pyrenees|Plants described in 1753 |
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