| 词条 | Cima Dome & Volcanic Field National Natural Landmark |
| 释义 |
| name = Cima Dome | photo = CimaDome82.jpg | elevation = {{convert|2132|to|4950|ft|m|0}} | elevation_ref= {{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} | location = San Bernardino County, California, U.S. | map = USA California#USA | map_caption = California | map_width = 200 | coordinates = {{coord|35.2894294|N|115.5852746|W|type:mountain_region:US-CA_scale:100000_source:GNIS-enwiki|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | range_coordinates = | coordinates_ref = [1] | age = 80–180 million years[2] | type = granitic pluton dome | embedded = {{designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = NNL | designation1_date = 1973 }}{{Infobox mountain | name = Cima Volcanic Range | elevation = {{convert|2132|to|4950|ft|m|0}}[2] | location = Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California, U.S. | coordinates = {{coord|35.25|N|115.75|W|type:mountain_region:US-CA_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline}} | range_coordinates = | coordinates_ref = [2] | type = basalt | age = 7.6 million years[3] | last_eruption = About 10,000 years ago[3] }} The Cima Dome & Volcanic Field National Natural Landmark, or Cinder Cones National Natural Landmark, includes the Cima Dome, Cima Volcanic Field, and Cima Volcanic Range, and is in the Mojave Desert within San Bernardino County, California, United States. The dome and volcanic field with cinder cones are located within the National Park Service Mojave National Preserve south of Interstate 15 and Baker, off Kelbaker Road towards Cima, and north of the Kelso Visitors Center and Interstate 40.[2][4] The Joshua tree forest covering Cima Dome and the adjacent Shadow Valley is the largest and densest in the world.[5] Cima DomeCima Dome is a broad sloping upland dome, the erosional remnant of granite plutons that formed deep under the Earth's surface 180 - 80 million years ago [6] when the Farallon Plate was being subducted beneath the North American Plate.{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}} The dome rises {{convert|1500|ft|m}} above the volcanic plain, {{convert|2132|to|4950|ft|m|0}} high, and covers {{convert|70|mi2|km2|sing=on}}. Cima Dome is an extremely symmetric dome of this granitic formation type, and one of the most visible ones by being in open desert plains. Cima Volcanic Field and Range{{more|Cima volcanic field}}The Cima Volcanic Field and Cima Volcanic Range includes 40 volcanic cinder cone vents, and extensive basaltic lava flows in a volcanic field covering more than {{convert|58|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} of the Mojave Desert. It ranges from {{convert|2132|to|4950|ft|m|0}} in elevation.{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}} These cinder cones range in size from {{convert|82|to|508|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} in height above the volcanic plain and from {{convert|656|to|3018|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} in base diameters. Over 30 of these cinder cones and associated lava flows, are Pleistocene in age and are located in the southern portion of the volcanic field, with the rest from the Quaternary age.[7][4] See also
References1. ^{{cite gnis |id=1667011 |name=Cima Dome |accessdate=2012-12-17| display=inline}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Cima, California |work=VolcanoWorld |url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/california/cima.html |accessdate=2008-08-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926212620/http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/california/cima.html |archivedate=2008-09-26 |df= }} 3. ^1 {{cite web | title = America's Volcanic Past - Mojave National Preserve | work = Cascades Volcano Observatory | publisher = United States Geological Survey | date = 2003-01-27 | url = http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Places/volcanic_past_mojave.html | accessdate = 2008-08-11 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080517123603/http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Places/volcanic_past_mojave.html | archivedate = 2008-05-17 | df = }} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Cinder Cones |work=Geology of Mojave National Preserve |publisher=USGS |date=1999-03-24 |url=http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/usgsnps/mojave/cinder1.html |accessdate=2010-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613205414/http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/usgsnps/mojave/cinder1.html |archivedate=June 13, 2011 |dead-url=yes }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/moja/parkmgmt/upload/MOJA_GMPIII.pdf |title=General Management Plan-Introduction |publisher=National Park Service |pages=7 |accessdate=2009-05-06}} 6. ^1 {{cite web | title = Cima Dome | work = Geology of Mojave National Preserve | publisher = National Park Service | date = 1999-03-22 | url = http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/usgsnps/mojave/cima1.html | accessdate = 2008-08-11}} 7. ^{{cite journal | last = Dohrenwend | first = J.C. | author2 = Wells, S.G.| author3 = Turrin, B.D. | title = Degradation of Quaternary cinder cones in the Cima volcanic field, Mojave Desert, California | journal = Geological Society of America Bulletin | volume = 97 | pages = 421–427 | publisher = Geological Society of America | date = April 1986 | url = http://quest.nasa.gov/projects/spacewardbound/docs/I,B.pdf | format = PDF | doi = 10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<421:DOQCCI>2.0.CO;2 | id = | accessdate = 2009-06-19 | issue = 4}} External links
11 : Natural history of the Mojave Desert|Mojave National Preserve|Protected areas of the Mojave Desert|Protected areas of San Bernardino County, California|Landforms of San Bernardino County, California|Granite domes|Mojave Desert|National Natural Landmarks in California|Volcanoes of California|Protected areas established in 1973|1973 establishments in California |
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