| 词条 | Cities and Villages Act of 1872 |
| 释义 |
The Cities and Villages Act of 1872 was an act of the Illinois General Assembly governing the operation of incorporated municipalities. The act was an immediate source of political controversy. The legacy of the Act is that Illinois municipal elections take place in the spring while county, state, and federal elections continue to occur on the federal Election Day. HistoryThe Act was adopted by the State of Illinois on April 10, 1872 and went into force on July 1 of the same year. The purpose of the Act was to provide a standard outline and means for villages and cities in the state to incorporate without requiring separate legislation for each application.[1] On April 23, 1875, the city of Chicago voted to operate under the Act, as opposed to operating under the city charter which had previously been in effect.[2] The Act has been revised since then, and is located in Chapter 65 of the Illinois Compiled Statutes.[2] Despite this operation, the Illinois State Constitution was later amended by the addition of Article VII (Adopted September 3, 1970; Entered into force July 1, 1971) which grants home rule powers to Chicago. Among those powers are regulation for the protection of public health, safety, morals, and welfare, to license for regulatory purposes, to tax, and to incur debt.[2] Legal implications for Chicago{{See also|April 1876 Chicago mayoral election}}The act moved Mayoral elections to April, whereas they had previously taken place in November. The politically manipulated late April adoption date effectively canceled the 1875 election for Mayor of Chicago.[3] The act also lengthened the Mayoral term from 1 year to 2 years and expanded Mayoral powers.[4] The law was ambiguous on the extension of incumbent mayor, Harvey Doolittle Colvin's, one-year term.[4] In the November 1875 elections, neither the Republicans nor the Democrats ran a candidate for mayor, believing that there was no election. Independent candidate Thomas Hoyne received over 82% of the votes for Mayor of Chicago. Colvin refused to surrender his seat, which led to turmoil until a court ruling declared him Mayor until a special election, thus nullifying Hoyne's election.[4] Chicago continues to have municipal elections in the spring. 1907 ushered in 4-year Mayoral terms and 1935 saw the first 4-year Aldermanic terms. External links
References1. ^{{cite web |author= |url= http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/11312.html |publisher= Chicago Historical Society |title= Encyclopedia of Chicago "Statutes of Illinois, Acts of 1871 and 1872" |accessdate=January 18, 2007 }} {{Chicago}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cities And Villages Act Of 1872}}{{Chicago-stub}}{{US-law-stub}}{{Illinois-stub}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web |publisher= Chicago Public Library |url=http://www.chipublib.org/004chicago/chichart.html |title= Legal Organization and Charter, City of Chicago |accessdate=January 18, 2007 }} 3. ^{{cite web |author= Einhorn, Robin |url= http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/987.html |publisher= Chicago Historical Society |title= Encyclopedia of Chicago, "Political Culture" |accessdate=January 19, 2007 }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |author= Holli, Melvin G. |url= http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/795.html |publisher= Chicago Historical Society |title= Encyclopedia of Chicago, "Mayors" |accessdate=January 19, 2007 }} 8 : 1872 in American law|1872 in Illinois|History of Chicago|Legal history of Illinois|Local government in Illinois|Illinois statutes|Local government legislation|History of local government in the United States |
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