词条 | City of London (UK Parliament constituency) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|name = City of London |type = Borough |parliament = uk |image= |caption=City of London in the Metropolis, 1868-85 |year = 1298 |abolished = 1885 |year2 = 1885 |abolished2 = 1950 |elects_howmany = four |elects_howmany2 = two |next2 = Cities of London and Westminster (to form north-eastern part of) |}} The City of London was a United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1950. Boundaries and boundary changesThis borough constituency (or 'Parliamentary Borough/Burgh') consisted of the City of London, which is at the very centre of Greater London. Bounded south by the Thames, the City adjoins Westminster westward, enfranchised in 1545.[1] In other directions a web of tiny liberties and parishes of diverse size adjoined from medieval times until the 20th century. Most of the population of Middlesex was beyond the city's boundaries. From the 17th century three of four new 'divisions' of Ossulstone Hundred adjoined the city reflecting their relative density — Holborn division and Finsbury division to the north and Tower division to the north-east and the east, all enfranchised in 1832. London is first known to have been enfranchised and represented in Parliament in 1298. Because it was the most important city in England it received four seats in Parliament instead of the normal two for a constituency. Previous to 1298 from the middle of that century, the intermittent first Parliaments, the area's households, officially, could turn to their Middlesex "two knights of the shire" – two members of the Commons – as to their interests in Parliament as the City formed part of the geographic county yet from early times wielded independent administration, its Corporation. The City was represented by four MPs until 1885, when this was cut to two, and in 1950 the constituency was abolished. The City of London was originally a densely populated area. Before the Reform Act 1832 the composition of the City electorate was not as democratic as that of some other borough constituencies, such as neighbouring Westminster. The right of election was held by members of the Livery Companies. However the size and wealth of the community meant that it had more voters than most other borough constituencies. Namier and Brooke estimated the size of the City electorate, in the latter part of the 18th century, at about 7,000. Only Westminster had a larger size of electorate. During the 19th and 20th centuries the metropolitan area of London expanded greatly. The resident population of the City fell. People moved to the new definitively urban expansion and suburbs; businesses moved in. However the City authorities did not want to extend their jurisdiction beyond the traditional "square mile" so the constituency was left unchanged as its resident population fell. By 1900 almost all electors in the City qualified through Livery Company membership and lived outside of the City. The business voters were a type of plural voter which when abolished by the Representation of the People Act 1948 meant the City became immediately under-sized in electorate, akin to the least-worst examples of pre-1832 "rotten and pocket boroughs". In 1950 the area was merged for Parliamentary purposes with the eldest parts of the neighbouring City of Westminster, to form the seat Cities of London and Westminster. The pre-1900 heavily-subdivided city became simplified for the period 1907 and 1965 into one civil parish, before in that year this level of local government complication was taken away. Statutory protection applied between 1986 and 2011 to prevent division of the City between seats:- {{quote|There shall continue to be a constituency which shall include the whole of the City of London and the name of which shall refer to the City of London"|Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 Sch.2 Rule 3 (repealed, 2011)[2]}}Members of Parliament 1707–1950See City of London (elections to the Parliament of England) for citizens known to have represented the City in Parliament before 1707Parliaments of Great Britain 1707–1800
Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801MPs 1801–1885
MPs 1885–1950
ElectionsIn multi-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for one to four (or up to two in two-member elections 1885-1950) candidates, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected. In 1868 the limited vote was introduced, which restricted an individual elector to using one, two or three votes, in elections to fill four seats. In by-elections, to fill a single seat, the first past the post system applied. After 1832, when registration of voters was introduced, a turnout figure is given for contested elections. In multi-member elections, when the exact number of participating voters is unknown, this is calculated by dividing the number of votes by four (to 1868), three (1868–1885) and two thereafter. To the extent that electors did not use all their votes this will be an underestimate of turnout. Where a party had more than one candidate in one or both of a pair of successive elections change is calculated for each individual candidate, otherwise change is based on the party vote. Candidates for whom no party has been identified are classified as Non Partisan. The candidate might have been associated with a party or faction in Parliament or consider himself to belong to a particular political tradition. Political parties before the 19th century were not as cohesive or organised as they later became. Contemporary commentators (even the reputed leaders of parties or factions) in the 18th century did not necessarily agree who the party supporters were. The traditional parties, which had arisen in the late 17th century, became increasingly irrelevant to politics in the 18th century (particularly after 1760), although for some contests in some constituencies party labels were still used. It was only towards the end of the century that party labels began to acquire some meaning again, although this process was by no means complete for several more generations. Sources: The results are based on the History of Parliament Trust's volumes on the House of Commons in various periods from 1715–1820, Stooks Smith from 1820 until 1832 and Craig from 1832. Where Stooks Smith gives additional information this is indicated in a note. See references below for further details of these sources. Dates of general and by-elections from 1660-1715 (excluding general elections at which no new MP was returned) Parliament of Great Britain election results 1713–1800
Elections in the 1710s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 1713: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Richard Hoare |votes = 3,842 |percentage = 12.84 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = George Newland |votes = 3,826 |percentage = 12.78 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = John Cass |votes = 3,802 |percentage = 12.70 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Withers |votes = 3,763 |percentage = 12.57 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Ward |votes = 3,730 |percentage = 12.46 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Robert Heysham |votes = 3,688 |percentage = 12.32 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Peter Godfrey |votes = 3,657 |percentage = 12.22 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Thomas Scawen |votes = 3,625 |percentage = 12.11 |change = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=General Election 29 January 1715: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Robert Heysham |votes = 3,499 |percentage = 13.86 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Ward |votes = 3,475 |percentage = 13.76 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Peter Godfrey |votes = 3,471 |percentage = 13.75 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Thomas Scawen |votes = 3,439 |percentage = 13.62 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = John Cass |votes = 2,884 |percentage = 11.42 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Withers |votes = 2,879 |percentage = 11.40 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Stewart |votes = 2,828 |percentage = 11.20 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = George Mertinns |votes = 2,774 |percentage = 10.99 |change = N/A }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1720s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 9 May 1722: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Richard Lockwood |votes = 4,235 |percentage = 18.40 |change = +18.40 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Barnard |votes = 3,980 |percentage = 17.29 |change = +17.29 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Peter Godfrey |votes = 3,852 |percentage = 16.74 |change = +2.99 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Francis Child |votes = 3,784 |percentage = 16.44 |change = +16.44 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Humphrey Parsons |votes = 3,593 |percentage = 15.61 |change = +15.61 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Robert Heysham |votes = 3,573 |percentage = 15.52 |change = +1.66 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 11 December 1724: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Richard Hopkins |votes = 3,332 |percentage = 53.37 |change = +53.37 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Charles Goodfellow |votes = 2,911 |percentage = 46.63 |change = +46.63 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 421 |percentage = 6.74 |change = N/A }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Non Partisan |loser = Tories (British political party) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 24 November 1727: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Eyles |votes = 3,643 |percentage = 13.71 |change = +13.71 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Barnard |votes = 3,620 |percentage = 13.62 |change = -3.67 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Micajah Perry |votes = 3,494 |percentage = 13.15 |change = +13.15 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Humphry Parsons |votes = 3,370 |percentage = 12.68 |change = -2.93 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Thompson |votes = 3,340 |percentage = 12.57 |change = +12.57 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Richard Lockwood |votes = 3,086 |percentage = 11.61 |change = -6.79 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Williams |votes = 3,017 |percentage = 11.35 |change = +11.35 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Richard Hopkins |votes = 3,010 |percentage = 11.32 |change = +11.32 }}{{Election box end}}
Elections in the 1730s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 10 May 1734: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Humphrey Parsons |votes = 3,932 |percentage = 21.92 |change = +9.24 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Barnard |votes = 3,841 |percentage = 21.41 |change = +7.79 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Micajah Perry |votes = 3,725 |percentage = 20.76 |change = +7.61 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Robert Willimot |votes = 2,984 |percentage = 16.63 |change = +16.63 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = John Barber |votes = 2,381 |percentage = 13.27 |change = +13.27 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Robert Godschall |votes = 1,078 |percentage = 6.01 |change = +6.01 }}{{Election box end}}
Elections in the 1740s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 13 May 1741: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Barnard |votes = 3,769 |percentage = 21.35 |change = -0.06 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = George Heathcote |votes = 3,322 |percentage = 18.82 |change = +18.82 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Daniel Lambert |votes = 3,217 |percentage = 18.23 |change = +18.23 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Robert Godschall |votes = 3,143 |percentage = 17.81 |change = +11.80 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Micajah Perry |votes = 1,713 |percentage = 9.71 |change = -11.05 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Edward Bellamy |votes = 1,312 |percentage = 7.43 |change = +7.43 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Edward Vernon |votes = 1,175 |percentage = 6.66 |change = +6.66 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 13 July 1742: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = William Calvert |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Whig (British political party) |loser = Tories (British political party) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 10 July 1747: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = William Calvert |votes = 3,806 |percentage = 20.85 |change = +20.85 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Barnard |votes = 3,781 |percentage = 20.71 |change = -0.64 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Slingsby Bethell |votes = 3,146 |percentage = 17.23 |change = +17.23 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Stephen Janssen |votes = 3,008 |percentage = 16.48 |change = +16.48 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Daniel Lambert |votes = 2,530 |percentage = 13.86 |change = -4.37 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Robert Ladbroke |votes = 1,986 |percentage = 10.88 |change = +10.88 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1750s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 7 May 1754: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Barnard |votes = 3,553 |percentage = 18.96 |change = -1.75 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Slingsby Bethell |votes = 3,547 |percentage = 18.93 |change = +1.70 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Robert Ladbroke |votes = 3,390 |percentage = 18.09 |change = +7.21 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Beckford |votes = 2,941 |percentage = 15.70 |change = +15.70 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Richard Glyn |votes = 2,655 |percentage = 14.17 |change = +14.17 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Calvert |votes = 2,650 |percentage = 14.14 |change = -6.71 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 30 November 1758: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Richard Glyn |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Non Partisan |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1760s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 4 April 1761: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Robert Ladbroke |votes = 4,306 |percentage = 23.36 |change = +5.27 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Thomas Harley |votes = 3,983 |percentage = 21.61 |change = +21.61 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Beckford |votes = 3,663 |percentage = 19.87 |change = +4.17 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Richard Glyn |votes = 3,285 |percentage = 17.83 |change = +3.66 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Samuel Fludyer |votes = 3,193 |percentage = 17.32 |change = +17.32 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=General Election 25 March 1768: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate| |party = Pro-Government |candidate = Thomas Harley |votes = 3,729 |percentage = 19.02 |change = -2.59 }}{{Election box candidate | |party = Independent Opposition |candidate = Robert Ladbroke |votes = 3,678 |percentage = 18.76 |change = -4.60 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Beckford |votes = 3,402 |percentage = 17.35 |change = -2.52 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Rockingham Whigs |candidate = Barlow Trecothick |votes = 2,957 |percentage = 15.08 |change = +15.08 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Richard Glyn |votes = 2,823 |percentage = 14.40 |change = -3.43 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Paterson |votes = 1,769 |percentage = 9.02 |change = +9.02 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Radicals (UK) |candidate = John Wilkes |votes = 1,247 |percentage = 6.36 |change = +6.36 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1770s
|title=By-Election 11 July 1770: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Radicals (UK) |candidate = Richard Oliver |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Non Partisan |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 23 December 1773: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Radicals (UK) |candidate = Frederick Bull |votes = 2,695 |percentage = 52.07 |change = +52.07 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Roberts |votes = 2,481 |percentage = 47.93 |change = +47.93 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 214 |percentage = 4.13 |change = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Non Partisan |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 18 October 1774: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Radicals (UK) |candidate = John Sawbridge |votes = 3,456 |percentage = 17.81 |change = +17.81 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Radicals (UK) |candidate = George Hayley |votes = 3,390 |percentage = 17.47 |change = +17.47 }}{{Election box candidate| |party = Independent Radical/Opposition |candidate = Richard Oliver |votes = 3,354 |percentage = 17.28 |change = +17.28 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Radicals (UK) |candidate = Frederick Bull |votes = 3,096 |percentage = 15.95 |change = +15.95 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Baker |votes = 2,802 |percentage = 14.44 |change = +14.44 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Brass Crosby |votes = 1,913 |percentage = 9.86 |change = +9.86 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Roberts |votes = 1,398 |percentage = 7.20 |change = +7.20 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1780s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 19 September 1780: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = George Hayley |votes = 4,062 |percentage = 21.63 |change = +4.16 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Kirkman |votes = 3,804 |percentage = 20.26 |change = +20.26 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Frederick Bull |votes = 3,150 |percentage = 16.77 |change = +0.83 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Nathaniel Newnham |votes = 3,036 |percentage = 16.17 |change = +16.17 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Sawbridge |votes = 2,957 |percentage = 15.75 |change = -2.06 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Richard Clarke |votes = 1,771 |percentage = 9.43 |change = +9.43 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 28 November 1780: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Sawbridge |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Non Partisan |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 2 October 1781: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Watkin Lewes |votes = 2,685 |percentage = 53.05 |change = +53.05 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Richard Clarke |votes = 2,387 |percentage = 46.95 |change = +37.52 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 309 |percentage = 6.11 |change = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Non Partisan |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 26 January 1784: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Brook Watson |votes = 2,097 |percentage = 66.78 |change = +66.78 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Brass Crosby |votes = 1,043 |percentage = 33.22 |change = +33.22 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,054 |percentage = 33.57 |change = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Non Partisan |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=General Election 7 May 1784: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Brook Watson |votes = 4,776 |percentage = 24.19 |change = +24.19 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Watkin Lewes |votes = 4,541 |percentage = 23.00 |change = +23.00 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Nathaniel Newnham |votes = 4,467 |percentage = 22.63 |change = +6.46 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Sawbridge |votes = 2,812 |percentage = 14.24 |change = -1.51 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Richard Atkinson |votes = 2,803 |percentage = 14.20 |change = +14.20 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Samuel Smith |votes = 286 |percentage = 1.45 |change = +1.45 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Pitt |votes = 56 |percentage = 0.28 |change = +0.28 }}{{Election box end}}
Elections in the 1790s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 26 June 1790: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Curtis |votes = 4,346 |percentage = 22.16 |change = +22.16 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Brook Watson |votes = 4,101 |percentage = 20.91 |change = -3.28 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Watkin Lewes |votes = 3,747 |percentage = 19.10 |change = -3.90 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Sawbridge |votes = 3,686 |percentage = 18.79 |change = +4.55 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Nathaniel Newnham |votes = 2,670 |percentage = 13.61 |change = -9.02 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Pickett |votes = 1,064 |percentage = 5.42 |change = +5.42 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 6 March 1793: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Anderson |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Non Partisan |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 12 March 1795: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Lushington |votes = 2,334 |percentage = 59.94 |change = +59.94 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Harvey Christian Combe |votes = 1,560 |percentage = 40.06 |change = +40.06 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 774 |percentage = 19.88 |change = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Non Partisan |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=General Election 2 June 1796: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Lushington |votes = 4,379 |percentage = 20.97 |change = +20.97 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Curtis |votes = 4,313 |percentage = 20.66 |change = -1.50 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Harvey Christian Combe |votes = 3,865 |percentage = 18.51 |change = +18.51 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = John Anderson |votes = 3,170 |percentage = 15.18 |change = +15.18 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Pickett |votes = 2,795 |percentage = 13.39 |change = +7.97 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Watkin Lewes |votes = 2,356 |percentage = 11.28 |change = -7.82 }}{{Election box end}}
Parliament of the United Kingdom election results (4 seats) 1801–1885
Elections in the 1800s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 6 July 1802: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Harvey Christian Combe |votes = 3,377 |percentage = 23.91 |change = +5.40 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Charles Price |votes = 3,236 |percentage = 22.91 |change = +22.91 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Curtis |votes = 2,989 |percentage = 21.16 |change = +0.50 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = John Anderson |votes = 2,387 |percentage = 16.90 |change = +1.72 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Benjamin Travers |votes = 1,371 |percentage = 9.71 |change = +9.71 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Watkin Lewes |votes = 652 |percentage = 4.62 |change = -6.66 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = William Lushington |votes = 113 |percentage = 0.80 |change = -20.17 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=General Election 31 October 1806: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Harvey Christian Combe |votes = 2,294 |percentage = 24.11 |change = +0.20 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = James Shaw |votes = 2,275 |percentage = 23.91 |change = +23.91 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Charles Price |votes = 2,254 |percentage = 23.69 |change = +0.78 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Curtis |votes = 2,213 |percentage = 23.26 |change = +2.10 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = John Atkins |votes = 314 |percentage = 3.30 |change = +3.30 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Hankey |votes = 164 |percentage = 1.72 |change = +1.72 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=General Election 1807: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Charles Price |votes = 3,117 |percentage = 26.30 |change = +2.61 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Curtis |votes = 3,059 |percentage = 25.81 |change = +2.55 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = James Shaw |votes = 2,863 |percentage = 24.15 |change = +0.24 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Harvey Christian Combe |votes = 2,588 |percentage = 21.83 |change = -2.28 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Hankey |votes = 226 |percentage = 1.91 |change = +0.19 }}{{Election box end}}
Elections in the 1810s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 5 October 1812: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Harvey Christian Combe |votes = 5,125 |percentage = 22.85 |change = +1.02 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Curtis |votes = 4,577 |percentage = 20.40 |change = -5.41 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = James Shaw |votes = 4,082 |percentage = 18.20 |change = -5.95 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = John Atkins |votes = 3,645 |percentage = 16.25 |change = +16.25 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Robert Waithman |votes = 2,622 |percentage = 11.69 |change = +11.69 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = 2,373 |percentage = 10.58 |change = +10.58 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Non Partisan |candidate = Claudius Hunter |votes = 8 |percentage = 0.04 |change = +0.04 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 10 June 1817: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whig (British political party) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 16 June 1818: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = 5,700 |percentage = 22.38 |change = +11.80 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Thomas Wilson |votes = 4,829 |percentage = 18.96 |change = +18.96 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Robert Waithman |votes = 4,693 |percentage = 18.43 |change = +6.74 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Thorp |votes = 4,335 |percentage = 17.02 |change = +17.02 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Curtis |votes = 4,224 |percentage = 16.58 |change = -3.82 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = John Atkins |votes = 1,688 |percentage = 6.63 |change = -9.62 }}{{Election box end}}
Elections in the 1820s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 7 March 1820: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = 5,370 |percentage = 19.22 |change = -3.16 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = Thomas Wilson |votes = 5,358 |percentage = 19.18 |change = +0.22 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Curtis |votes = 4,908 |percentage = 17.57 |change = +0.99 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = George Bridges |votes = 4,259 |percentage = 15.25 |change = +15.25 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Robert Waithman |votes = 4,119 |percentage = 14.74 |change = -3.69 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = John Thorp |votes = 3,921 |percentage = 14.04 |change = -2.98 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=General Election 9 June 1826: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Thompson |votes = 6,483 |percentage = 24.71 |change = +24.71 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Robert Waithman |votes = 5,042 |percentage = 19.21 |change = +4.47 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Ward |votes = 4,991 |percentage = 19.02 |change = +19.02 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = 4,880 |percentage = 18.60 |change = -0.62 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = William Venables |votes = 4,514 |percentage = 17.20 |change = +17.20 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Alderman Garrett |votes = 330 |percentage = 1.26 |change = +1.26 }}{{Election box end}}
Elections in the 1830s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 1830: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Thompson |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Robert Waithman |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Ward |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 29 April 1831: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Tories (British political party) |candidate = William Thompson |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Robert Waithman |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whig (British political party) |candidate = William Venables |votes = Unopposed |percentage = N/A |change = N/A }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 12 December 1832: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = George Grote |votes = 8,412 |percentage = 23.92 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = 7,488 |percentage = 21.29 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Waithman |votes = 7,452 |percentage = 21.19 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = John Key |votes = 6,136 |percentage = 17.45 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = George Lyall |votes = 5,112 |percentage = 14.54 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Michael Scales |votes = 569 |percentage = 1.62 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 18,584 |percentage = 61.88 |change = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 27 February 1833: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = George Lyall |votes = 5,569 |percentage = 55.16 |change = +40.62 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = William Venables |votes = 4,527 |percentage = 44.84 |change = +44.84 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,042 |percentage = 10.32 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 18,584 |percentage = 54.33 |change = -7.55 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 12 August 1833: City of London}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = William Crawford |votes = 4,041 |percentage = 66.85 |change = +22.01 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Francis Kemble |votes = 2,004 |percentage = 33.15 |change = -22.01 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 2,037 |percentage = 33.70 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 18,584 |percentage = 32.53 |change = -21.80 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = -22.01 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 5 January 1835: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = 6,418 |percentage = 16.86 |change = -4.43 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = James Pattison |votes = 6,050 |percentage = 15.90 |change = +15.90 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = William Crawford |votes = 5,961 |percentage = 15.66 |change = +15.66 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = George Grote |votes = 5,955 |percentage = 15.65 |change = -8.27 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = George Lyall |votes = 4,599 |percentage = 12.08 |change = -2.46 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = William Ward |votes = 4,560 |percentage = 11.98 |change = +11.98 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Thomas Wilson |votes = 4,514 |percentage = 11.86 |change = +11.86 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 18,288 |percentage = 62.64 |change = +0.76 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=General Election 1837: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = 6,517 |percentage = 21.43 |change = +4.57 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = William Crawford |votes = 6,071 |percentage = 19.96 |change = +4.30 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = James Pattison |votes = 6,070 |percentage = 19.96 |change = +4.06 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = George Grote |votes = 5,879 |percentage = 19.33 |change = +3.68 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John H. Palmer |votes = 5,873 |percentage = 19.31 |change = +19.31 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 19,678 |percentage = 60.64 |change = -2.00 }}{{Election box end}}
Elections in the 1840s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 28 June 1841: City of London (4 seats)[9][3]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Masterman |votes = 6,339 |percentage = 12.8 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = Matthew Wood |votes = 6,315 |percentage = 12.8 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = George Lyall |votes = 6,290 |percentage = 12.7 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = John Russell |votes = 6,221 |percentage = 12.6 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Matthias Wolverley Attwood |votes = 6,212 |percentage = 12.5 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = James Pattison |votes = 6,070 |percentage = 12.3 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = William Crawford |votes = 6,065 |percentage = 12.2 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Pirie |votes = 6,017 |percentage = 12.1 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 12,383 (est) |percentage = 64.9 (est) |change = }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 19,068 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 24 |percentage = 0.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Radicals (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 25 |percentage = 0.0 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 69 |percentage = 0.1 |change = N/A }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Whigs (British political party) |swing = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 9 |percentage = 0.0 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-election, 20 October 1843: City of London[9][3]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = James Pattison |votes = 6,532 |percentage = 50.6 |change = +0.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Thomas Baring |votes = 6,367 |percentage = 49.4 |change = −0.7 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 165 |percentage = 1.3 |change = +1.3 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 12,899 |percentage = 64.4 |change = −0.5 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 20,030 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing = +0.7 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-election, 8 July 1846: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = John Russell }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Whigs (British political party) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 28 July 1847: City of London (4 seats)[9]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = John Russell |votes = 7,137 |percentage = 14.3 |change = +1.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = James Pattison |votes = 7,030 |percentage = 14.1 |change = +1.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = Lionel de Rothschild |votes = 6,792 |percentage = 13.6 |change = +0.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Masterman |votes = 6,722 |percentage = 13.5 |change = +0.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = George Larpent[11] |votes = 6,719 |percentage = 13.5 |change = +1.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Cooper Lee Bevan[12] |votes = 5,268 |percentage = 10.5 |change = −2.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Johnson |votes = 5,069 |percentage = 10.1 |change = −2.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = James William Freshfield |votes = 4,704 |percentage = 9.4 |change = −2.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Radicals (UK) |candidate = William Payne[13] |votes = 513 |percentage = 1.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 13,437 |percentage = 67.0 |change = +2.1 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 20,057 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 70 |percentage = 0.1 |change = +0.1 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing = +1.7 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing = +1.7 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |loser = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +1.2 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 3 |percentage = 0.0 |change = — }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = −0.4 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-election, 4 July 1849: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = Lionel de Rothschild |votes = 6,017 |percentage = 68.1 |change = +12.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Manners |votes = 2,814 |percentage = 31.9 |change = −11.6 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 3,203 |percentage = 36.3 |change = +36.2 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 8,831 |percentage = 41.5 |change = −25.5 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 21,270 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing = +12.1 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-election, 27 July 1849: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = James Duke }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Whigs (British political party) }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1850s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 1852: City of London (4 seats)[9]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Masterman |votes = 6,195 |percentage =24.3 |change = −19.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = John Russell |votes = 5,537 |percentage = 21.7 |change = +7.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = James Duke |votes = 5,270 |percentage = 20.7 |change = +6.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = Lionel de Rothschild |votes = 4,748 |percentage = 18.6 |change = +5.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = Robert Wigram Crawford |votes = 3,765 |percentage = 14.8 |change = +1.3 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 658 |percentage = 2.6 |change = +2.6 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 11,025 (est) |percentage = 53.2 (est) |change = −13.8 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 20,728 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = −19.8 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing = +6.1 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing = +5.7 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing = +4.9 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 3 January 1853: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = John Russell }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Whigs (British political party) }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 14 June 1854: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = John Russell }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Whigs (British political party) }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 3 March 1855: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = John Russell }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner =Whigs (British political party) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 27 March 1857: City of London (4 seats)[9]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = James Duke |votes = 6,664 |percentage = 22.4 |change = +1.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = Lionel de Rothschild |votes = 6,398 |percentage = 21.5 |change = +2.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = John Russell |votes = 6,308 |percentage = 21.2 |change = −0.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = Robert Wigram Crawford |votes = 5,808 |percentage = 19.6 |change = +4.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = Raikes Currie |votes = 4,519 |percentage = 15.2 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,289 |percentage = 4.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 7,424 (est) |percentage = 38.8 (est) |change = −14.4 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 19,115 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing =N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing =N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |swing =N/A }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Whigs (British political party) |loser = Conservative Party (UK) |swing =N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 28 July 1857: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Whigs (British political party) |candidate = Lionel de Rothschild }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Whigs (British political party) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 1859: City of London (4 seats)[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = James Duke }}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Lionel de Rothschild }}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = John Russell }}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Wigram Crawford }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 19,026 }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-Election 27 June 1859: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = John Russell }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1860s
|title=By-election, 29 July 1861: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Western Wood |votes = 5,747 |percentage = 52.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = William Cubitt |votes = 5,241 |percentage = 47.7 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 506 |percentage = 4.6 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 10,988 |percentage = 59.2 |change = N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 18,562 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-election, 2 June 1863: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = George Goschen }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 10 July 1865: City of London (4 seats)[9]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = George Goschen |votes = 7,102 |percentage = 19.9 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Wigram Crawford |votes = 7,086 |percentage = 19.9 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = William Lawrence |votes = 6,637 |percentage = 18.6 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Lionel de Rothschild |votes = 6,525 |percentage = 18.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = George Lyall |votes = 4,197 |percentage = 11.8 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Fowler |votes = 4,086 |percentage = 11.5 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 2,328 |percentage = 6.5 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 10,529 (est) |percentage = 67.8 (est) |change = N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 15,534 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-election, 26 February 1866: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = George Goschen }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 16 November 1868: City of London (4 seats)[9]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = George Goschen |votes = 6,520 |percentage = 15.1 |change = −4.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Wigram Crawford |votes = 6,258 |percentage = 14.5 |change = −5.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = William Lawrence |votes = 6,215 |percentage = 14.4 |change = −4.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Charles Bell |votes = 6,130 |percentage = 14.2 |change = +2.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Philip Twells |votes = 6,099 |percentage = 14.1 |change = +2.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Sills John Gibbons |votes = 6,013 |percentage = 13.9 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Lionel de Rothschild |votes = 5,995 |percentage = 13.9 |change = −4.4 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 12,328 (est) |percentage = 61.1 (est) |change = −6.7 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 20,185 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 85 |percentage = 0.2 |change = −6.3 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = −3.7 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = −4.0 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = −4.6 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 135 |percentage = 0.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = +2.5 }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-election, 21 December 1868: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = George Goschen }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}
|title=By-election, 22 February 1869: City of London[9]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Lionel de Rothschild }}{{Election box gain with party link no swing| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |loser = Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1870s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 10 February 1874: City of London (4 seats)}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = William Cotton |votes = 8,397 |percentage = 18.7 |change = +4.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Philip Twells |votes = 8,330 |percentage =18.6 |change = +4.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Hubbard |votes = 8,210 |percentage = 18.3 |change = +4.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = George Goschen |votes = 6,787 |percentage = 15.1 |change = +0.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = William Lawrence |votes = 6,654 |percentage = 14.8 |change = +0.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Lionel de Rothschild |votes = 6,490 |percentage = 14.5 |change = +0.6 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,423 |percentage =3.2 |change = +2.9 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 14,956 (est) |percentage = 66.1 (est) |change = +5.0 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 22,626 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +2.1 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = +2.1 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = +2.0 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = −2.2 }}{{Election box end}}
Elections in the 1880s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 3 April 1880: City of London (4 seats)[14]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = William Cotton |votes = 10,326 |percentage = 21.3 |change = +2.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Fowler |votes = 10,274 |percentage = 21.2 |change = +2.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Hubbard |votes = 10,256 |percentage = 21.2 |change = +2.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = William Lawrence |votes = 5,950 |percentage = 12.3 |change = −2.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Richard Martin |votes = 5,837 |percentage = 12.1 |change = −3.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Walter Morrison |votes = 5,743 |percentage = 11.9 |change = −2.6 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 4,306 |percentage = 8.9 |change = +5.7 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 16,129 (est) |percentage = 67.1 (est) |change = +1.0 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 24,042 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +2.6 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +2.8 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +2.8 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = −2.6 }}{{Election box end}}
Parliament of the United Kingdom election results (2 seats) 1885–1950
Elections in the 1880s{{Election box begin||title=General Election 1885: City of London (2 seats)[55]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Robert Fowler |votes=12,827 |percentage=38.8 |change= +17.6 }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=John Hubbard |votes=8,802 |percentage= 26.7 |change= +5.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Stephen Low |votes=5,817 |percentage= 17.6 |change= +5.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Independent Conservative |candidate=William Cotton |votes=5,563 |percentage=16.9 |change= −4.4 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes= |percentage=68.6 |change=+1.5 (est) }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors =29,152 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) |swing= +7.5 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner= Conservative Party (UK) |swing= +1.4 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1886: City of London (2 seats)[55]}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate= Robert Fowler }}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate= John Hubbard }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Fowler was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Addington, requiring a by-election. {{Election box begin||title=By-Election 27 July 1887: City of London[55]}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Thomas Baring }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1890sBaring's death caused a by-election. {{Election box begin||title=By-Election 18 April 1891: City of London[15]}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Hucks Gibbs }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Fowler's death caused a by-election. {{Election box begin||title=By-Election 3 June 1891: City of London[15]}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Reginald Hanson }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1892: City of London (2 seats)[15] }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Reginald Hanson |votes=10,556 |percentage=44.0 |change=N/A }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Alban Gibbs |votes=9,258 |percentage=38.5 |change=N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Independent Conservative |candidate=James Ritchie |votes=4,207 |percentage=17.5 |change=N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 5,051 |percentage = 21.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=13,490 (est) |percentage=41.3 |change=N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors =32,664 }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1895: City of London (2 seats)[15] }}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Alban Gibbs }}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Reginald Hanson }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1900s{{Election box begin||title=General Election 1900: City of London (2 seats)[16]}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Alban Gibbs }}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Joseph Dimsdale }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=City of London by-election, 1904[15]}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Alban Gibbs }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1906: City of London (2 seats)[15]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Edward Clarke |votes=16,019 |percentage=38.0 |change=N/A }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Alban Gibbs |votes=15,619 |percentage=37.2 |change=N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Felix Schuster |votes=5,313 |percentage=12.7 |change=N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Joseph West Ridgeway |votes=5,064 |percentage=12.1 |change=N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 10,306 |percentage = 24.5 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes= |percentage=68.7 |change=N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors =31,030 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=City of London by-election, February 1906[15]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Arthur Balfour |votes=15,474 |percentage=78.9 |change= +3.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Free Trader |candidate=Thomas Gibson Bowles |votes=4,134 |percentage=21.1 |change= N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes=11,340 |percentage=57.8 |change= +33.3 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=19,608 |percentage=63.2 |change=−5.5 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors =31,030 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=City of London by-election, June 1906[15]}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Banbury }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1910s{{Election box begin||title=General Election January 1910: City of London (2 seats)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Arthur Balfour |votes=17,907 |percentage= 45.0 |change= +7.0 }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Banbury |votes=17,302 |percentage= 43.4 |change= +6.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Hugh Bell |votes=4,623 |percentage=11.6 |change= −13.2 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes= |percentage=74.7 |change=+6.0 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors =30,010 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 12,679 |percentage = 31.8 |change = +7.3 }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election December 1910: City of London (2 seats)}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Arthur Balfour }}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Banbury }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1918: City of London (2 seats)}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link coalition 1918| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Arthur Balfour }}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link coalition 1918| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Banbury }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Unionist Party (UK) }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Unionist Party (UK) }}{{Election box end 1918}} Elections in the 1920s{{Election box begin||title=City of London by-election, 1922}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Edward Grenfell |votes=10,114 |percentage=62.08 |change=n/a }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Independent Conservative |candidate=Vansittart Bowater |votes=6,178 |percentage=37.92 |change=n/a }}{{Election box majority| |votes=3,936 |percentage=24.16 |change=n/a }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=44,083 |percentage=36.96 |change=n/a }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Unionist Party (UK) |swing=n/a }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1922: City of London (2 seats)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Banbury |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Edward Grenfell |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1923: City of London (2 seats)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Banbury |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Edward Grenfell |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Unionist Party (UK) |swing=n/a }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=City of London by-election, 1924}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Vansittart Bowater |votes=12,962 |percentage=70.11 |change=n/a }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Henry Bell |votes=5,525 |percentage=29.89 |change=n/a }}{{Election box majority| |votes=7,437 |percentage=40.23 |change=n/a }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=44,130 |percentage=41.89 |change=n/a }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Unionist Party (UK) |swing=n/a }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1924: City of London (2 seats)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Vansittart Bowater |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Edward Grenfell |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1929: City of London (2 seats)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Vansittart Bowater |votes=16,149 |percentage=43.9 |change=n/a }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Unionist Party (UK) |candidate=Edward Grenfell |votes=16,092 |percentage=43.7 |change=n/a }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Thomas Owen Jacobsen |votes=4,579 |percentage=12.4 |change=n/a }}{{Election box majority| |votes=11,513 |percentage=31.3 |change=n/a }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=46,469 |percentage=45.2 |change=n/a }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Unionist Party (UK) |swing=n/a }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1930s{{Election box begin||title=General Election 1931: City of London (2 seats)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Vansittart Bowater |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Edward Grenfell |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=By-Election 26 June 1935: City of London}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Alan Anderson |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) |swing=n/a }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1935: City of London (2 seats)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Alan Anderson |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Vansittart Bowater |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=United Kingdom by-elections, 1938}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=George Broadbridge |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) |swing=n/a }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1940s{{Election box begin||title=City of London by-election, 1940}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=National (UK) |candidate=Andrew Rae Duncan |votes=Unopposed |percentage=n/a |change=n/a }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner=National (UK) |loser=Conservative Party (UK) |swing=n/a }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1945: City of London (2 seats)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=National (UK) |candidate=Andrew Rae Duncan |votes=5,332 |percentage=39.48 |change=n/a }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=George Broadbridge |votes=5,309 |percentage=39.31 |change=n/a }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Andrew McFadyean |votes=1,487 |percentage=11.01 |change=n/a }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Independent (politician) |candidate=S. W. Alexander |votes=1,379 |percentage=10.21 |change=n/a }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=10,851 |percentage=63.9 |change=n/a }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=City Of London by-election, 1945[17]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Ralph Assheton |votes=4,506 |percentage=74.99 |change=+74.99 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Arthur Comyns Carr |votes=1,503 |percentage=25.01 |change=+14.00 }}{{Election box majority| |votes=3,003 |percentage=49.98 |change=n/a }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=11,650 |percentage=51.58 |change=-12.3 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) |swing=n/a }}{{Election box end}} See also
References1. ^[The House of Commons 1509–1558, by S.T. Bindoff (Secker & Warburg 1982)] 2. ^Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 Sch.2 (as enacted) See instead substituted Sch.2 (16.2.2011) by Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 (c. 1), ss. 11(1), 19(1) (with s. 13(5)) 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite book |last=Stooks Smith |first=Henry. |editor= Craig, F. W. S. |title= The Parliaments of England |origyear=1844-1850 |edition= 2nd |year=1973 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Chichester |isbn= 0-900178-13-2 |pages=209–212 |url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hnzrh2;view=1up;seq=249}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|first1=Edward|last1=Churton|author-link1=Edward Churton|title=The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838|date=1838|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FVwEAAAAQAAJ |via=Google Books |accessdate=21 October 2018}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=Dublin Evening Packet and Correspondent |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000812/18370727/014/0002 |accessdate=21 October 2018 |date=27 July 1837 |page=2 |via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 6. ^1 {{cite news |title=Kentish Gazette |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000235/18431003/006/0002 |accessdate=21 October 2018 |date=3 October 1843 |page=2 |via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 7. ^1 {{cite news |title=Lord John Russell's Speech to the Electors of the City of London |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000052/18470728/034/0006 |accessdate=21 October 2018 |work=Derby Mercury |date=28 July 1847 |page=6 |via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 8. ^{{cite news |title=Local News and Table Talk |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000311/18490705/008/0003 |accessdate=21 October 2018 |work=Cheltenham Chronicle |date=5 July 1849 |page=3 |via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=Imperial Parliament|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000267/18510531/048/0008|accessdate=13 May 2018|work=Exeter and Plymouth Gazette|date=31 May 1851|page=8|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=Harwich Election|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18510529/021/0004|accessdate=13 May 2018|work=Morning Post|date=29 May 1851|page=4|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 11. ^{{cite news |title=Election News |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000193/18470807/081/0007 |accessdate=21 October 2018 |work=Leeds Intelligencer |date=7 August 1847 |page=7 |via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 12. ^{{cite news |title=English Cities and Boroughs |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18470820/003/0001 |accessdate=21 October 2018 |work=Globe |date=20 August 1847 |page=1 |via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 13. ^{{cite news |title=North Wales Chronicle |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000094/18470706/027/0002 |accessdate=21 October 2018 |date=6 July 1847 |pages=2–3 |via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 {{cite book|editor1-last=Craig|editor1-first=F. W. S.|editor-link=F. W. S. Craig|title=British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885|date=1977|publisher=Macmillan Press|location=London|isbn=978-1-349-02349-3|edition=1st|format=e-book}} 15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book|editor1-last=Craig|editor1-first=FWS|title=British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918|date=1974|publisher=Macmillan Press|location=London|isbn=9781349022984}} 16. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Craig|editor1-first=FWS|title=British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918|date=1974|publisher=Macmillan Press|location=London|isbn=9781349022984}} 17. ^https://web.archive.org/web/20120206224812/http://by-elections.co.uk/45.html
| 1832 = y | 1868 = y | 1885 = y | 1918 = y | 1950 = n | 1955 = n | 1974 = n | 1983 = n | 1997 = n }}{{DEFAULTSORT:London, City Of}} 6 : Politics of the City of London|Parliamentary constituencies in London (historic)|United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies established in 1298|United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies disestablished in 1950|United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies represented by a sitting Prime Minister|Political history of Middlesex |
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