| 词条 | Civilian War Memorial |
| 释义 |
| name = Memorial to the Civilian Victims of the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945 | native_name = 日本占领时期死难人民纪念碑 1942 – 1945 | native_name_lang = zh | body = Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry | image = War Memorial Park 5, Singapore, Aug 06.JPG | caption = Civilian War Memorial, Singapore | commemorates = civilian victims of the Japanese occupation of Singapore (1942–1945) | use_dates = | established = {{start date|1963|06|15}} | unveiled = {{start date|1967|02|15}} | coordinates = {{Coord|1|17|34.58|N|103|51|17.42|E|display=inline,title|region:SG_type:landmark}} | location = War Memorial Park, Singapore | nearest_town = Padang and City Hall | designer = Leong Swee Lim of Swan & Maclaren | total_burials = 606 urns containing the remains of thousands of unknown civilians | unknowns = | commemorated = | by_country = | by_war = | inscription = In deep and lasting sorrow this memorial is dedicated in memory of those of our civilians who were killed between February 15, 1942 and August 18, 1945 when the Japanese Armed Forces occupied Singapore | embedded = {{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=Singapore|designation1_date=16 August 2013}} | source = }} The Memorial to the Civilian Victims of the Japanese Occupation, usually called the Civilian War Memorial (Chinese: {{lang|zh|日本占领时期死难人民纪念碑}}; {{lang-ms|Tugu Peringatan Bagi Mangsa Awam Pemerintahan Jepun}}) is a war memorial and heritage landmark in Singapore. It was built in memory of the civilians killed during the Japanese occupation of Singapore during World War II. The Civilian War Memorial sits on serene parkland in the midst of busy city traffic near Singapore's Padang and City Hall. Located within the War Memorial Park at Beach Road within the Central Area, Singapore's central business district, it is usually easy to spot in most backdrops encompassing the CBD landscape. It was gazetted as a 65th national memorial in 2013. HistoryDuring the Japanese Empire's occupation of Singapore during the Pacific War (1942–1945), thousands of ethnic Chinese were killed in the Sook Ching massacre. In an effort to remove anti-Japanese elements in Singapore, Chinese men between the ages of 18 and 50 were to report to the Kempeitai, the Imperial Japanese Army military police. The death toll was reported to be 6,000 by the Japanese, but official estimates range between 25,000 and 50,000.[1] In February 1962, remains belonging to civilian victims of the Japanese occupation were unearthed in areas like Siglap, Changi and Bukit Timah. The Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCC) undertook the responsibility of gathering the remains and creating a memorial. The Civilian War Memorial projectIn 13 March 1963, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew set aside a plot of land at Beach Road for the building of a memorial dedicated to the civilians killed in World War II. The SCCC set up a fund committee that was later enlarged to include all ethnic groups due to good response from the community. With the support of the Government and contributions from the public, construction of the memorial was able to start. ArchitectureThe design of the memorial was conceived by one of Singapore's most renowned architects, Leong Swee Lim (1935–2002) of Swan and Maclaren Architect whom it won first prize in an open design competition in March 1963. The design was one of Leong's most famous and significant contributions towards Singapore's architecture. The four identical pillars, each {{convert|70|m}} high, represent the shared experiences and unity of the four major races of Singapore;– Chinese, Eurasian, Indian and Malay. Ground-breaking ceremonyIn 15 June 1963, Lee Kuan Yew performed the ground-breaking ceremony of “turning (or breaking) the sod” to lay the foundation for the memorial witnessed by a gathering of representatives from the Inter-Religious Organisation and members of the consular corps. Construction of the memorial began on 23 April 1966. A ceremony was held on 1 November 1966 before the completion of the memorial, which saw 606 urns containing the remains of thousands of unknown civilians from the mass graves interred on either side of the memorial podium, added to the material significance of the structure whose history it represents. Unveiling of the MemorialThe memorial was completed in January 1967 at a total construction cost of about S$500,000. On 15 February 1967, the Civilian War Memorial was officially unveiled by then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, who laid a wreath at the memorial. The memorial is one of Singapore's iconic heritage landmarks that truly embraces the virtues of a multiracial and multicultural city, the unity of which is inevitably one of the pillars for Singapore's modern day success, harmony and prosperity. The memorial has also been affectionately described by some as resembling four giant chopsticks. Every year on 15 February (Total Defence Day in Singapore, commemorating the 1942 surrender of Singapore to the Japanese), a memorial service is held at the Civilian War Memorial to remember the victims of the war. National MonumentIn 15 August 2013, the Civilian War Memorial was gazetted by the National Heritage Board as 65th National Monument of Singapore.[2] See also
Notes1. ^{{citation|author=Heng Wong|title=Operation Sook Ching|url=http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_40_2005-01-24.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723055935/http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_40_2005-01-24.html|archivedate=23 July 2008|publisher=Singapore Infopedia, National Library Board|date=29 September 1997}}. 2. ^http://www.asiaone.com/singapore/civilian-war-memorial-gazetted-singapores-65th-national-monument References
External links{{Commons category|Civilian War Memorial, Singapore}}
7 : Buildings and structures completed in 1967|Downtown Core (Singapore)|Landmarks in Singapore|National monuments of Singapore|World War II memorials|World War II sites in Singapore|1967 establishments in Singapore |
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